烟台市2019年高考诊断性测试
英语试题
说明:
本试卷由四个部分组成，共12页，满分150分，考试用时120分钟。请把答案全部涂写在答题卡上，考试结束后，只交答题卡。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What are the speakers probably doing?
A. Preparing for camping. B. Buying sleeping bags. C. Cleaning up the car.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W: Dad, I think we’ve got everything in the car.
M: Really? I don’t think the tent is going to fit. And the sleeping bags and fishing equipment take up a lot of space, too.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
Where does the woman want to go?
A. Chicago. B. Atlanta. C. Denver.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: You can change planes in either Chicago or Denver.
W: You mean there’s no direct flight from New York to Atlanta?
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
How does the woman feel?
A. Satisfied. B. Discouraged. C. Excited.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
M: Cindy, how are you getting along with the translation work?
W: I have written and rewritten so much that I don’t know if I’ll ever get it finished.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
Where are the speakers?
A. At home. B. In the office. C. In the stadium.
【答案】A
【解析】
【分析】
W: What is the time?
M: It’s a quarter past nine by my watch.
W: My favorite program SING! CHINA will be on soon. Don’t switch the channel. You can turn to the computer for your favorite football match.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
What’s the woman’s attitude to McDonald’s?
A. Supportive. B. Neutral. C. Opposed.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
W: What do you think of McDonald’s?
M: It’s a good place for children—good foods and a safe place for them to have fun. The foods are of great quality and children love the chips there.
W: No, I don’t agree. Look, how fat some of the children in this city are! Keep your children away from fatty food.
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
6. Where is the man’s mother now?
A. In the hospital. B. At home. C. At schoo1.
7. Why does the man ask a week off?
A. To have an operation. B. To do some cleaning. C. To look after his mother.
【答案】6. A 7. C
【解析】
W: How is your mother feeling these days?
M: Much better, thanks, Ms. Wang. The operation went smoothly and the doctor says she’ll recover in no time and she’ll probably come home at the weekend.
W: That’s wonderful. When will you come back to class?
M: I still need a week to take care of her and do some cleaning for her coming home.
W: OK. Take care of your mother and yourself. The whole class are expecting you.
【6题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【7题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
8. Why does the man suggest eating out?
A. To enjoy a family dinner.
B. To celebrate his promotion.
C. To celebrate Shelly’s birthday.
9. How old is the speakers’granddaughter?
A. Three. B. Four. C. Five.
【答案】8. B 9. C
【解析】
M: Honey, let’s eat out tonight.
W: What for?
M: I got promoted.
W: Really? That’s great. It’s a big moment. We should celebrate it. But Linda is coming tonight. Can we make it another time?
M: Linda is coming! That’s it. Linda will come with us and we can enjoy a family dinner together. It must be a wonderful time.
W: Sounds good. It is half a year since we had a family dinner. Have you booked a table for four?
M: For four? There are just three of us.
W: Our granddaughter Shelly is coming along. And today is her fifth birthday.
M: It’s a real surprise. I can’t wait to see her. I’ll call and make a reservation right now.
【8题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【9题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
10. What does the man want to learn?
A. To repair cars. B. To drive a car. C. To sell cars.
11. Which courses will the man choose?
A. Weekend courses.
B. Full-time summer courses.
C. Full-time winter courses.
12. How many hours of training will the man get every day?
A. 5. B. 6. C. 10.
【答案】10. B 11. A 12. A
【解析】
W: Good afternoon. What can I do for you?
M: Yes, please. I would like to know something about the driving courses.
W: Well, we have short full-time courses during the summer. Are you interested in them?
M: No, I am free only at weekends.
W: Then there are weekend courses. The course starts at 8 every Saturday and Sunday morning.
M: Sounds fine. What about the coaches?
W: We have very excellent coaches here and some of them have been teaching for 20 years.
M: Good. How many hours of training shall I have each day?
W: 3 hours in the morning and 2 in the afternoon. It ends at 6 pm.
M: Then how many people share a training car?
W: Usually three. And we have two coaches for each car.
M: Very good. I will have more chances to get trained. Thank you.
W: You are welcome.
【10题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
13. Why is the man attracted by NBA games?
A. He is good at basketball skills.
B. His father is a fan of NBA games.
C. The result is changeable and unpredictable.
14. What does the woman usually do at weekends?
A. Stay in the dormitory. B. Go skating. C. Watch music videos.
15. Where will the woman spend this weekend?
A. At home. B. In the gym. C. In the dormitory.
16. What do the man and the woman have in common?
A. They both have favorite sports.
B. Their favorite sports are risky.
C. They practise their favorite sports together.
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. C 16. A
【解析】
W: It’s Saturday tomorrow. So, what’s your plan?
M: I’m so exhausted this week. I’ll stay at home and relax myself.
W: You mean you’ll get some sleep and watch several NBA games, huh?
M: Yes, especially the game of Cavaliers.
W: Why do you love NBA games so much?
M: NBA games are exciting. The outcome can be changed in only a few seconds. And there are fascinating skills. How about you? What will you do this weekend? Go skating as usual?
W: I’m worn out, too, and I’ll stay in the dormitory and see some videos about skateboarding.
M: How long have you been skateboarding? Three years or four years? I don’t remember it exactly.
W: About four years. During those four years, I watch videos about skateboarding and practise the
skills once and once again. You may feel it boring and painful, but I take delight in it. Every advance in skills brings me a great sense of fulfillment. Every time I jump into the sky, I feel I’m flying.
M: Wow, amazing.
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。【此处有音频，请去附件查看】
17. Why did the woman quarrel with her neighbor?
A. He came home late. B. He was too noisy. C. He stayed up late.
18. How did the neighbor react after the speaker went to his apartment?
A. He changed for the worse. B. He admitted his misbehavior. C. He apologized to her.
19. What did the speaker do after arguing with her neighbor?
A. She gave him a gift.
B. She had a talk with him.
C. She watched a movie with him.
20. What is the speaker’s suggestion to Teddy?
A. Turning to the police for help.
B. Being patient and trying to stand it.
C. Writing a friendly letter to the neighbor.
【答案】17. B 18. A 19. B 20. C
【解析】
W: Dear Teddy,
Having a noisy neighbor is a really common problem, especially for people who live in an apartment.
Like you, I also had a noise problem with a neighbor. He’d watch loud movies every night, sometimes until 3 in the morning. One night, I decided I’d had enough of the noise, so I went to my neighbor’s apartment and we argued. However, that only made him turn his TV up even louder every night after that.
A week or so later, I saw my neighbor outside. Even though we’d lived next to each other for a long
time, the first time we’d spoken was when we had our argument.
So, I chatted with him and got to know him better—I also made a joke about how I liked his taste in movies.
That night, the noise problem stopped. It seemed that all I had to do was get my neighbor to see me as a friend, not an enemy.
So, my advice to you is to be calm and patient with your neighbor.
One day, go over and ask if you can come in for a talk. If you mention that their noise is affecting your studies, they should soon change their mind.
At the same time, however, not everyone is comfortable with facing people this way. If you’re one of those people, write a polite and friendly letter instead, explaining your problem to your neighbor.
Many people we know can make us angry, but usually, the best way to win someone over is through kindness.
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Here are some best sellers of 2018 at Amazon.
The car
Fourteen-year-old Terry’s parents never pay him much attention.So when they both disappear after one of their all-too-frequent arguments，Terry isn’t exactly eager for them to come home.On his own，he fixes an abandoned car.Though he doesn’t know much about driving，he gets behind the wheel and heads west，with the intention of visiting an uncle in Oregon.It’s an exciting and sometimes dangerous journey.Along the way，he learns a lot about people，about America——and most importantly，about himself.
The Running Dream
Jessica thinks her life is over when she loses a leg in a car accident.
As she struggles to cope with her prosthesis(义肢)and many other difficulties，Jessica develops a close relationship with Rosa，a girl who has a cancer and sees right into Jessica’s heart.
With the support of family，friends，a coach，and her teammates，Jessica is able to run again.But that’s not enough for her now.She doesn’t just want to cross finish lines herself—she wants to take Rosa with her.
Have a New Teenager by Friday
Do you know this person?
His bedroom looks like a garbage dump.
She changes clothes three times before breakfast.
It seems that he／she never agrees with you.
Congratulations! You have a teenager in your home.But you needn’t feel helpless.In fact，you’re just five days away from your teenager asking.“What can I do to help?”Internationally recognized family expert Dr.Kevin Leman will help you get real results—really fast.
Boy Robot
Seventeen-year-old Isaak discovers the truth about his origin:a government—made human.But a deadly military force is trying to kill him.He and the other Robots can only find protection from the Underground—a secret network of Robots and humans working together to ensure a coexistent future.Isaak must decide whether to hold on to his humanity and face possible death or to embrace his true nature in order to survive.
If you are interested in any of the books，click here for further information:
https:／／www.amazon.com/.
21. Which book is a science fiction?
A. The Car. B. The Running Dream.
C. Have a New Teenager by Friday. D. Boy Robot.
22. Which of the following isn’t conveyed in The Running Dream?
A. Friendship. B. Modesty. C. Bravery. D. Determination.
23. Who is the book Have a New Teenager by Friday in tended for?
A. Experts. B. Teenagers. C. Parents. D. Teachers.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C
【解析】
本文属于应用文中的广告类短文，主要介绍了2018年Amazon上四本畅销书的主要内容。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一部分前三句“Seventeen-year-old Isaak discovers the truth about his origin: a government—made human. But a deadly military force is trying to kill him. He and the other Robots can only find protection from the Underground—a secret network of Robots and humans working together to ensure a coexistent future.”可知本书主要讲述的是机器人Isaak和人类共同努力为有一个同时共存的未来而斗争的故事。属于科幻小说，故D项正确。
【22题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二部分第二段“As she struggles to cope with her prosthesis(义肢)and many other difficulties，Jessica develops a close relationship with Rosa，a girl who has a cancer and sees right into Jessica’s heart.”可知在事故里Jessica失去了一条腿，但她并没有丧失对生活的信心，而是勇敢地面对挫折，努力克服困难；并且和Rosa成为了好朋友。体现出了友谊、勇敢和决心，此部分并没有涉及到谦虚。故B项正确。
【23题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三部分倒数2、3句“You have a teenager in your home. But you needn’t feel helpless. In fact，you’re just five days away from your teenager asking. “What can I do to help?””句中的You指家里有孩子的父母亲，所以“Have a New Teenager by Friday”此书是写给父母亲的。故C项正确。
B
Feeding birds is a popular way to watch wildlife.But experts say it might put wild birds at risk.
Feeding birds is not necessary for their survival except in extreme weather conditions.Feeders(喂食器)can definitely help birds get through that kind of weather.But most birds eat insects and show little interest in bird feeders.For those birds，we can grow native plants in a natural environment.Birds which are fond of eating seeds will be more likely to come to feeders if there is some cover nearby.This lets them feed and then fly to protective areas，such as in trees.
The most common mistake people make with their bird feeders is that they put feeders in places where birds are easily frightened by passers-by，risk being hurt by cats，or risk flying into windows.
So set up a bird feeder at least one meter away from a window.That way，if a bird gets frightened，it won’t get killed when it hits the glass.Owners of cats should keep them inside home so they can’t hurt the birds.
Some birds are more aggressive at feeders.They eat a lot and do not leave much food for other birds.A solution is to put the food in more than one place by using different kinds of seeds or fruits.This can also increase the number and diversity of birds in your neighborhood.But don’t feed wild birds anything salty，like potato chips，or food that could choke them，like bread.
Pay attention to food quality and freshness.Unprotected food left too long in feeders will turn moldy(发霉)，which can kill wildlife.
Another word of advice:Always provide a supply of clean water for birds，but use care when looking for the right birdbath.If the birdbaths are too deep for birds，putting a few large stones in the water can give the birds a place to sit.
24. What’s the most common mistake about feeding birds?
A. Putting feeders in improper places. B. Providing food in inappropriate time.
C. Leaving feeders unprotected. D. Supplying dirty and deep water.
25. Which of the following may not be suitable for feeding birds?
A. Seeds. B. Bread. C. Fruit. D. Insects.
26. The author advises helping more birds by_________.
A. increasing the number of feeders
B. cleaning the birds with clean water
C. putting more large stones in the feeders
D. keeping aggressive birds away from the feeders
27. What is the text mainly about?
A. Problems with bird feeding.
B. Where to place bird feeders.
C. Popular ways of protecting wild birds.
D. How to feed wild birds safely and healthily.
【答案】24. A 25. B 26. A 27. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，人们在喂鸟的时候无意中会给鸟儿带来危险，文章具体解释了这些危险并提出了安全喂鸟的建议。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The most common mistake people make with their bird feeders is that
they put feeders in places where birds are easily frightened by passers-by，risk being hurt by cats，or risk flying into windows.”可知人们在喂鸟的时候，最常见的错误是把喂鸟器放在错误的地方，这样给鸟儿带来了很多危险。故A项正确。
【25题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段最后一句“But don’t feed wild birds anything salty，like potato chips，or food that could choke them，like bread.”可知作者建议人们不要喂给鸟儿薯条和面包，因为这些食物不适合喂鸟。故B项正确。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段第三句“A solution is to put the food in more than one place by using different kinds of seeds or fruits.”可知作者建议我们把食物放在多个地方，并提供不同种类的食物。这样做，自然是要增加喂鸟器的数量。故A项正确。
【27题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Feeding birds is a popular way to watch wildlife. But experts say it might put wild birds at risk.”可知本文主要讲述的是喂鸟会给鸟儿带来一定的危险；第三段介绍了具体的危险，后四段里提出具体的安全喂鸟的建议。故D项“How to feed wild birds safely and healthily”符合本文中心思想，故选择D项。
C
America’s latest superhero Austin Perine，who calls himself President Austin，is now taking the country by storm.But he is not a typical superhero.Two things set him apart:He doesn’t fight human enemies，but hunger and homelessness.Also，he’s only four years old.
Our superhero’s origin story started from the day when TJ Perine，his father，took Austin to the Firehouse Ministries，a local shelter that provides housing，food and other services for the homeless.As they drove by the building，they saw a group of 25 homeless men standing on the street corner.That day，Austin used his allowance to buy each man a sandwich and handed the food out himself with his slogan，“Don’t forget to show love!”
After he returned every week for five weeks in a row，word of Austin’s kindness spread through social media.Austin and TJ could feed 25 to 50 people at a time before，and now，thanks to community support，they can feed 800 to 2,000 people.
But Austin isn’t merely filling stomachs.He has been improving the lives of the homeless people he meets.On that first trip to Firehouse Ministries，TJ and Austin talked to a poor man named
Raymont.The respect Austin showed for him touched 41-year-old Raymont，who regained his confidence in life and finally found a job with the help of TJ.All that was made possible because a little boy took the time to care.
Austin’s passion has become his family’s calling.After raising money through a GoFundMe page，Audrey，TJ’s mother established the nonprofit Show Love Foundation，dedicated to fighting homelessness. She now serves as president，and TJ oversees public relations for the foundation full time.They offer medical and mental health care as preventive steps against homelessness.
As for President Austin，he continues to give out food，smiles，and his inspirational message of love.“It makes me feel like I’m saving the day,”he said proudly.
28. Why has Austin become well—known to the entire country?
A. He has super power to fill the stomachs of the homeless.
B. He fights hunger and homelessness at such a young age.
C. He has removed the poverty of the local community.
D. He has chosen an impressive and unique name.
29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word“dedicated”in Paragraph 5?
A. Exposed. B. Opposed. C. Devoted. D. Addicted.
30. Why does the author introduce the example of Raymont in Paragraph 4?
A. To show Austin’s positive influence.
B. To persuade people to live off their own.
C. To prove the personal ability of Austin’s father.
D. To describe the difficult situation of poor people.
31. What is the author’s attitude towards what Austin does?
A. Sympathetic. B. Humorous. C. Approving. D. Considerate.
【答案】28. B 29. C 30. A 31. C
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文，4岁的美国男孩Austin成为了美国的国家英雄，这是因为他努力帮助无家可归的人，并鼓励他们积极面对生活。他的善意给那些无家可归者带来了积极的影响。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后两句“Two things set him apart: He doesn’t fight human enemies，
but hunger and homelessness. Also，he’s only four years old.”可知Austin的年龄以及他给无家可归者分发食物的善意行为这两个原因让他出名了。故B项正确。
【29题详解】
猜测词义题。根据划线词前面半句“After raising money through a GoFundMe page，Audrey，TJ’s mother established the nonprofit Show Love Foundation”可知受到Austin 的影响Audrey也创立了一个公益组织Show Love Foundation，努力帮助无家可归者。故该词意为“devoted努力的”，故C项正确。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段前两句“But Austin isn’t merely filling stomachs. He has been improving the lives of the homeless people he meets.”可知Austin不仅帮助无家可归者填饱肚子，还努力改善他们的生活。接下来列举Raymont的例子正是为了说明他的善意对无家可归者的积极影响。故A项正确。
【31题详解】
态度观点题。根据文章第一句“America’s latest superhero Austin Perine，who calls himself President Austin，is now taking the country by storm.”可知Austin现在已经成为了美国的英雄，他努力为无家可归者提供食物并鼓励他们积极面对生活。他的善意给那些无家可归者带来了积极的影响。作者对Austin的行为持支持并满意的态度。故C项正确。
D
The Broadcom MASTERS competition aims to find a balance between celebrating individual accomplishments and acknowledging that science seldom happens alone.The competition takes off when students from around the country are teamed up and have to solve a series of hands—on challenges in the spotlight.
Nowadays，kids are fed with“the myth of the lone scientist”，so placing such challenges in the middle school period has a huge potential for impact.The focus on teambuilding skills gets students excited before more fears and stereotypes(成见)set in.
The initial pool of qualified students comes from the participants in nation-wide science fairs.Those who score in the top 10％(about 1 0，000 kids)have the qualification to apply.The judges select the top 300 young scientists，and that group is finally narrowed to 30 finalists.
Selection at this stage is clearly an honor in itself，but it counts as step one for the finalists.They are then flown to Washington，D.C.and placed into teams of five for the hands-on part of the
competition.Each team is made up of students with different talents and skills，including academic focus and experience.
Unlike the science fairs，where most of the work takes place behind the scenes and students share a polished outcome，the hands-on challenges create a space where the work is the competition itself.The students take up a range of challenges in science，technology，engineering，math and so on.Each of the challenges will need the insight and skills of multiple team members.
Judges observing the challenges aren’t just looking for outcomes but also for leadership，teamwork and problem solving.
The Broadcom MASTERS attracts increasing numbers of passionate and talented young people who are eager to take part in a program that helps them grow as scientists，engineers and inventors.It lets the students experience a sense of coming together with true peers.More importantly，it provides them with new skills to tackle future challenges.
32. What does the Broadcom MASTERS competition mainly focus on?
A. Individual accomplishments. B. Hands-on challenges.
C. Academic performance. D. Team work.
33. What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us?
A. A large number of kids take part in the science fairs.
B. It’s not easy to be qualified as a member of the finalists.
C. The judges are too strict with the participants.
D. The nation-wide science fairs are well organized.
34. What can we infer from the text?
A. The Broadcom MASTERS competition has an increasing impact.
B. Middle school students prefer to challenge each other.
C. Students can learn more new skills from the Broadcom MASTERS.
D. The science fairs will be completely replaced by the Broadcom MASTERS.
35. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Learning to Take on Scientific Challenges
B. Outstanding Students are Publicly Honored
C. Bringing Individual Potential to a Team Opportunity
D. The Science Fair:A Platform Where Students’Dreams Take off
【答案】32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了the Broadcom MASTERS competition要在个人成就和团队合作方面取得平衡。同时介绍了该项目的选拔程序以及所产生的影响。
【32题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“The focus on teambuilding skills gets students excited before more fears and stereotypes(成见)set in.”可知the Broadcom MASTERS competition关注的焦点是参与者的团队合作。故D项正确。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“The initial pool of qualified students comes from the participants in nation-wide science fairs.”可知该项目首先从全国范围里遴选合格的学生。只有前百分之十的学生才可以申请，再从申请学生中选择300人，最后确定30人的最终名单。由此可见要进入最后的名单是非常困难的。故B项正确。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“The Broadcom MASTERS attracts increasing numbers of passionate and talented young people who are eager to take part in a program that helps them grow as scientists，engineers and inventors.”可知这个项目吸引了越来越多的年轻人参与，说明它的影响越来越大。故A项正确。
【35题详解】
标题归纳题。文章第一句“The Broadcom MASTERS competition aims to find a balance between celebrating individual accomplishments and acknowledging that science seldom happens alone.”告诉我们the Broadcom MASTERS competition项目要在个人成就和团队合作方面取得平衡。3-7段详细介绍了该项目的选拔程序以及所产生的影响。故C项正确。
第二节(共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
For the first time in 10 years，the United States government has changed its guidance on how much exercise people need to stay healthy and when they should start.
For children and teens
The new guidance states that the most important time for children to begin exercising is between
the ages of 3 and 5. ___36___ That could be light activities，moderate activities，or even vigorous(剧烈的)activities.
Doctors say it is important to start young.They add that from birth to age 5，a child’s brain develops more than at any other time in life. ___37___ Also，children who start exercising at a young age are more likely to establish healthy behaviors they will continue into adulthood.
But that does not mean putting a small kid on a treadmill(跑步机)or other exercise equipment. ___38___ After all，it's a kid’s nature to play freely and happily.
___39___ But it shouldn’t be less than one hour a day three times a week.Their activities should mostly be aerobic(有氧的)exercise，such as biking，swimming or running，which can strengthen the heart and lungs.Such exercise should also include muscle-and-bone-strengthening activities；such as climbing trees or playground equipment and playing sports.
For adults
For adults，the guidelines recommend exercising 150 minutes a week.That could be walking，gardening，dancing，etc.___40___ Experts say that even short amounts of aerobic exercise can provide health benefits，such as lowering blood pressure，reducing anxiety and improving sleep.
A.Any kind of activity that gets people exercising will do.
B.Aerobic activity works only if it lasts for at least 10 minutes.
C.Simply giving a kid the time and space to play actively is enough.
D.Children above 5 can have a relatively shorter time for daily exercise.
E.Children in this age range require about three hours’active activities daily.
F.Attaining the health benefits from exercise may be harder than earlier thought.
G.These developments have a 1asting effect on a child’s ability to succeed in life.
【答案】36. E 37. G
38. C 39. D
40. A
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了美国政府对儿童、年轻人以及成年人锻炼时间新的指导要求。
【36题详解】
横线前面一句中“the most important time for children to begin exercising is between the ages of 3 and 5.”告诉我们儿童要在3-5
岁之间开始锻炼。本句顺接上句说明此年龄段儿童所需要锻炼的具体时长，E项“Children in this age range require about three hours’ active activities daily.”内容与之吻合。故选择E项。
【37题详解】
横线前面一句“They add that from birth to age 5，a child’s brain develops more than at any other time in life.”告诉我们从出生到5岁之间，儿童的脑部要比其他任何时间发展得更多。而且这段时间的脑部发育对儿童的影响更大，G项“These developments have a 1asting effect on a child’s ability to succeed in life.”内容与上下文吻合。故选择G项。
【38题详解】
横线前一后“But that does not mean putting a small kid on a treadmill(跑步机)or other exercise equipment.”和后一句“After all，it's a kid’s nature to play freely and happily.”告诉我们不必使用专用设备让孩子锻炼，只需要让孩子自由快乐的玩耍即可。C项“Simply giving a kid the time and space to play actively is enough.”符合上下文语境。故选择C项。
【39题详解】
横线后一句“But it shouldn’t be less than one hour a day three times a week.”告诉我们这一阶段孩子的锻炼时间不能少于一周三次，每次不能少于一小时。文章2、3段介绍的是5岁的儿童所需要的锻炼时间，本段说明的应该是5岁以上的孩子所需要的锻炼时间。D项“Children above 5 can have a relatively shorter time for daily exercise.”符合上下文语境。故选择D项。
【40题详解】
本段前面两句“For adults，the guidelines recommend exercising 150 minutes a week. That could be walking，gardening，dancing，etc.”告诉我们对于成年人来说一周锻炼150分钟即可，锻炼可以为散步、园艺跳舞等任何形式，只要动起来即可。A项“Any kind of activity that gets people exercising will do.”符合上下文语境。故选择A项。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节，满分45分)
第一节 (共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I grew up with two elder sisters.If I wasn’t courteous(礼貌)to them，they’d fix me.So courtesy wasn’t really ___41___ in my childhood home.
My sisters ___42___ every chance to train me how to be a courteous ___43___ .They made me open doors for them or help them into their ___44___ at dinner.
Years later I went away to college.The first time I walked into the library，I noticed a woman walking behind me and I ___45___ the door open for her.
___46___ ，she glared at me，asking loudly，“Do you think that because I’m a woman I'm not ___47___ enough to open a door for myself ?”She slammed(摔)the door shut，leaving me astonished and ___48___ .My face burned with ___49___ .I decided ___50___ that there would be no more courtesy!
As I stood there，another lady ___51___ the door，her arms ___52___ with textbooks.Instinctively(本能地)I ___53___ to open the door for her. ___54___ I realized what I had done.I prepared myself for shouts.However，I received a warm smile and a look of ___55___ .
“Thanks!”she said brightly.“It’s nice to see we still have a few gentlemen around here!”
Of course，if I were REALLY a gentleman，I would have ___56___ to help with her books.Despite this，I appreciated the good ___57___ I got from performing all act of simple courtesy.To do otherwise would be to ___58___ my lifetime of training.
Courtesy brings pleasant，refreshing light to our lives whether we are the giver，the ___59___ or just an interested observer.Courtesy doesn’t ___60___ change our lives，but it can certainly transform the way we feel about life.
41. A. important B. available C. delightful D. optional
42. A. made the most of B. got ready for C. gave way to D. put forward
43. A. colleague B. assistant C. companion D. gentleman
44. A. dresses B. chairs C. dishes D. mouths
45. A. answered B. unlocked C. held D. forced
46. A. Instead B. Even so C. Unexpectedly D. Sure enough
47. A. strong B. confident C. courageous D. experienced
48. A. impatient B. speechless C. anxious D. desperate
49. A. fear B. excitement C. embarrassment D. envy
50. A. in advance B. in a flash C. once more D. by chance
51. A. approached B. passed C. pulled D. entered
52. A. surrounded B. crowded C. covered D. overloaded
53. A. regretted B. refused C. reached D. hesitated
54. A. Until B. Although C. In case D. The moment
55. A. doubt B. relief C. guilt D. curiosity
56. A. offered B. agreed C. promised D. waited
57. A. thought B. process C. feeling D. advice
58. A. correspond with B. 1ead to C. go against D. hold on to
59. A. judger B. receiver C. loser D. reporter
60. A. necessarily B. normally C. casually D. naturally
【答案】41. D 42. A 43. D 44. B 45. C 46. C 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. B 51. A 52. D 53. C 54. D 55. B 56. A 57. C 58. C 59. B 60. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。自小姐姐们就教育作者要有礼貌。作者上大学以后，一次主动为女士拉门，却被责备歧视女性。这让他非常尴尬，但另一位女士对作者的礼貌行为表示感激，让他感觉到礼貌不一定会改变我们的生活，但一定能改变我们感知生活的方式。
【41题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. important重要的；B. available有空的；可以得到的；C. delightful高兴的；D. optional可供选择的；前面一句告诉我们如果我对姐姐不礼貌，她们就会惩罚我。所以对我来说礼貌不是可以选择的，而是必须的。故D项正确。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. made the most of充分利用；B. got ready for为…做好准备；C. gave way to让路给；D. put forward提出；我的姐姐充分利用每一个机会来培训我成为一个礼貌的绅士。A项与every chance连用，说明姐姐要求我对人要有礼貌。故A项正确。
【43题详解】
考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. colleague同事；B. assistant助手；C. companion同伴；D. gentleman
绅士；我的姐姐充分利用每一个机会来培训我成为一个礼貌的绅士。通常绅士都是彬彬有礼的，D项符合上下文串联。故选择D项。
【44题详解】
考查名词辨析及上下文串联。A. dresses衣服；B. chairs椅子；C. dishes盘子；D. mouths嘴巴；根据横线后at dinner可知本空与餐桌礼仪有关，姐姐们要求我们帮她们落座。故B项正确。
【45题详解】
考查动词辨析及上下文串联。A. answered回答；B. unlocked打开；C. held握住，保持；D. forced强迫；当我看见后面有一位女士走进来的时候，我帮她拉住门。与第二段中“They made me open doors for them”相一致。故C项正确。
【46题详解】
考查上下文串联。A. Instead相反；而不是；B. Even so即使如此；C. Unexpectedly 没有预料到地；D. Sure enough确实，果然；后后一句中““Do you think that because I’m a woman”对方指责我歧视女性，这是我没有预料到的。故C项正确。
【47题详解】
考查形容词辨析及上下文串联。A. strong 强壮的；B. confident有信心的；C. courageous 勇敢的；D. experienced有经验的；由前面一句可知对方指责我歧视女性，认为她自己足够强壮，可以自己开门。故A项正确。
【48题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. impatient不耐烦的；B. speechless无语的； C. anxious焦虑的；D. desperate绝望的，渴望的；对方摔门离开，让我十分惊讶也无话可说，十分尴尬。B项说明我不知该如何表达自己的感觉。故B项正确。
【49题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. fear恐惧；B. excitement兴奋；激动；C. embarrassment尴尬；D. envy嫉妒；对方摔门离开，让我十分惊讶也无话可说。我好心帮助她，却被对方误解，这让我十分尴尬。故C项正确。
【50题详解】
考查介词短语辨析。A. in advance提前；B. in a flash瞬间；即刻；C. once more再一，又一；D. by chance偶然；在这一瞬间，我决定不再对别人有礼貌了。充分说明这位女士对我的影响很大，故B项正确。
【51题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. approached靠近；接近；B. passed通过；C. pulled 拉；D. entered
进入；根据下文我本能地位她拉住门，说明对方正走近门。故A项正确。
【52题详解】
考查词义辨析。A. surrounded包围；B. crowded拥挤；C. covered覆盖；D. overloaded超负荷；另外一个女士正靠近门，胳膊里全都是书。D项突出强调对方手里的书非常多，故选择D项。
【53题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. regretted后悔，遗憾；B. refused拒绝；C. reached伸出；D. hesitated犹豫；处于本能我伸手为对方开门。故C项正确。
【54题详解】
考查连词辨析。A. Until直到…才…；B. Although尽管；C. In case以防； D. The moment一…就…；我一意识到自己所做的事情，就准备好接受对方的责备。故D项正确。
【55题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. doubt怀疑；B. relief欣慰；C. guilt内疚；D. curiosity好奇；然而我看到的是温暖的微笑和欣慰的表情。这位女士并没有责备我，反而对我表示感谢。故B项正确。
【56题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. offered主动做；B. agreed同意；C. promised承诺；D. waited等待；如果我真是一位绅士，我就会主动帮助对方拿书。动词短语“offer to do sth主动提出做某事”与上下文语境一致，故选择A项。
【57题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. thought想法；B. process过程；C. feeling感觉；D. advice建议；我很感激从简单的礼貌行为中所得到的美好的感觉，让我感觉很好。故C项正确。
【58题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. correspond with与…一致；B. 1ead to导致；C. go against违背；D. hold on to紧握，坚持，不放弃；如果我不这样做，就我生活中所接受的利益培训相违背。故C项正确。
【59题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. judger裁判；B. receiver接受者；C. loser失败者；D. reporter记者；不管我们是给予者、接受者或者只是感兴趣的旁观者，礼貌都会给我们的生活带来快乐。名词receiver与giver构成对应。故B项正确。
【60题详解】
考查副词辨析及固定搭配。A. necessarily必要地；B. normally正常地； C. casually随意地；
D. naturally自然地；固定搭配not necessarily未必，不一定；礼貌不一定会改变我们的生活，但它一定能改变我们感知生活的方式。故A项正确。
【点睛】本文小题3考查了上下文串联。根据第一段可知姐姐们要求作者有礼貌，她们充分利用每一个机会来培训作者成为一个礼貌的绅士。所以选择gentleman。每篇完形填空都围绕一个主题展开，其结构严谨，上下文互为映衬，前后照应，所以解题时考生不要只局限在句子层面上，而要从段落或整篇文章入手，整体把握文章的内容，结合上下文，寻找答案的线索。
例： In the clinic, I asked if Michael could be retested, so the specialist tested him again.
To my__36__, it was the same score.
Later that evening, I__37__told Frank what I had learned that day. After talking it over, we
agreed that we knew our__38__much better than an IQ(智商) test.
... After the ceremony, we told Michael about the__47__IQ score he got when he was six. Since that day, Michael sometimes would look at us and say jokingly,“My dear mom and dad never told me that I couldn’t be a doctor, not until after I graduated from medical school!”
... We went to the same clinic where he had receive the test eighteen years before. This time
Michael scored 126, an increase of 36 points.（重庆卷）
36. A. joy B. surprise C. dislike D. disappointment
37. A. tearfully B. fearfully C. cheerfully D. hopefully
38. A. student B. son C. friend D. doctor
47. A. high B. same C. low D. different
析：重庆卷的这篇完形填空以第一人称讲述了如何对待孩子的成长问题。开头就提到Michael的智商测试，随之设置的几个题目都和此有关，可是在本段没有线索。但读到文章最后，“This time Michael scored 126, an increase of 36 points.”，我们茅塞顿开，原来Michael是“我们”的儿子（38. B），六岁时接受了一次智商测试，分数很低（47. C），“我”很失望（36. D），所以“我” 眼含泪水告诉丈夫Frank测试结果（37. A）。
第二节(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Litter is everywhere，doing great harm ___61___ the environment and life on our planet.Jeff Kirschner，who wants to build a litter-free world，started a global community named Litterati ___62___ (settle)this problem.
The story began with his 6-year-old daughter.One day they were going on a hike when the girl noticed a ___63___ (break)plastic tub(浴盆)in a river.She said，“Daddy，that doesn’t go there.”That took Kirschner by surprise.He，like many adults，had become so used to the rubbish around them that he hadn’t given it a second look.___64___ his daughter said reminded him of the serious problem our planet faces.
Jeff started to take ___65___(act).He created Litterati，an app that makes it fun to pick u
p litter.The idea is ___66___(fair) simple:Spot a piece of trash，take a photo，post the photo online and then put the litter into dustbins.
___67___ (see)that Jeff was keeping a record of the positive impact he was having on the planet，people worldwide started participating.Up to now，over 2，500，000 photos posted by 3,500 people from over 40 countries ___68___ (find)their way to Litterati’s digital landfill.
Litterati is more than an app.It is a highly ___69___ (effect)solution to a pressing issue.Wherever you live，whatever you do and ___70___ you are，join Litterati to make the world a cleaner and healthier place to live in.
【答案】61. to 62. to settle
63. broken 64. What
65. action 66. fairly
67. Seeing 68. have found
69. effective
70. whoever
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了在女儿的影响下Jeff Kirschner创办了一个名叫Litterati的app，鼓励人们清理垃圾保护环境。
【61题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：垃圾到处都是，对我们的环境和生活有很大的坏处。动词短语do harm to意为“对…有害”，该短语的现在分词形式在句中做状语。所以句中要填介词to。
【62题详解】
考查不定式。句意：Kirschner想要建设一个没有垃圾的世界，为了解决这个问题，他开办了一个名为Litterati的全球社区。句中不定式短语to settle this problem在句中做充当目的状语。所以句中要填不定式to settle。
【63题详解】
考查形容词。句意：有一天，他们正在远足，在这时他的女儿注意到河里有一个坏了的塑料浴盆。形容词broken意为“坏了的”，在句中充当定语，修饰plastic tub。所以要填broken。
【64题详解】
考查主语从句。句意：他的女儿说的话提醒了他我们的星球所面临的这个严重的问题。句中
what引导主语从句并在句中充当动词said的宾语。所以句中要填What。
【65题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：Jeff开始采取行动了。动词短语take action意为“采取行动”，名词action充当动词take的宾语。所以句中要填action。
【66题详解】
考查副词。句意：这个想法非常简单：找到一片垃圾，拍一张照片，把照片上传到网上，然后把垃圾扔进垃圾桶里。句中应该使用副词充当状语修饰形容词simple。所以要填fairly。
【67题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：看见了Jeff正在记录他对星球产生的积极影响，全世界的人们都开始参与了进来。主句主语people worldwide与动词see构成主动关系，要用现在分词做状语。所以句中要填现在分词Seeing。
【68题详解】
考查时态。句意：到现在为止，40多个国家3500人上传的2,500,000张照片都到了Litterati的数码垃圾池里。动词短语find one’s way to意为“到达…”，时间状语up to now通常与现在完成时连用，所以要填have found。
【69题详解】
考查形容词辨析。句意：Litterati不仅仅是一个APP。它是一个紧急问题的有效解决方法。形容词effective意为“有效的”，在句中充当定语修饰名词solution。所以句中要填形容词effective。
【70题详解】
考查让步状语从句。句意：无论你生活在那里，无论你做什么，无论你是谁，参加Litterati吧！让我们的世界成为一个更为清洁健康的居住的地方！句中whoever引导让步状语从句，与“Wherever you live，whatever you do”构成并列关系，所以句中要填whoever。
【点睛】本文小题6考查了副词作状语修饰形容词的用法，小题9考查了形容词作定语修饰名词的用法；形容词和副词是语法填空中的重要考点，形容词和副词均属修饰性词类，但因被修饰的内容有所不同而具备不同的用法，高考非常注重对此进行考查，在完形填空和语法填空中出现过大量此类试题。（形容词与系动词连用及修饰名词；修饰行为动词、形容词、副词、过去分词及整个句子用副词）；两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级；同时还会考查形容词和副词在特定的语境中词义的比较，比较级的程度修饰语（much，very much，a lot，a great deal，far，by far，even，still，a bit，a little，rather，any，数词，倍数，分数，百分数等）。还会考查易混副词的辨析。如：
specially /especially/ particularly等。
例：—What do you think of the film we saw last night？
—I feel _______ that the film is well worth seeing once again？
A. strong B. strongly C. hardly D. hard
答案：B
解析：that引导一个宾语从句，由此可以判断 feel在此不是一个系动词，而是一个实义动词。要用副词修饰动词，I feel strongly that...“我坚信„„”，故答案为 B。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分)
71.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:
1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词:
2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
On December 30，after two weeks’training，we finally began our work for volunteer guides in a museum.During the first two weeks，I learnt a lot about the story behind the artworks.In order to do good in the work，my teammates and I made fully preparations.We first worked out a careful plan.Then we practiced use proper body language to explain the artworks better.The month-long volunteer work has now come to end，from what I understand that it isn’t easy to be a good guide.Besides.I also realize that how important teamwork is.I believed that I will get lifelong benefits from the short and meaningful experience.
【答案】for→as
story→stories
good→well
fully→full
use→using
end前面加上an
what→which
删除that
believed→believe
and→but
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文，作者志愿在在博物馆里做向导，经过这次志愿活动，他意识到做一名好的向导很不容易，也了解了团队合作的重要性。
【详解】第一处：考查介词。句意：在12月30日，经过两周的培训以后，我们终于在一家博物馆里开始做向导的志愿者工作了。介词as意为“作为”，后面要接表示身份职业的名词，而for通常表示原因。所以要把for改为as。
第二处：考查名词单复数。句意：在前两周里，我了解了这些艺术品背后的很多故事。根据句义可知有很多故事，所以要把story改为stories。
第三处：考查副词。句意：为了做好工作，我的室友和我做了充分的准备。在英语里提出使用副词充当状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子；使用形容词修饰名词代词等；句中应该使用副词修饰动词do，所以要把good改为well。
第四处：考查形容词。句意：为了做好工作，我的室友和我做了充分的准备。在英语里提出使用副词充当状语修饰形容词、副词、动词或整个句子；使用形容词修饰名词代词等；句中应该使用形容词修饰名词preparations，所以要把fully改为full。
第五处：考查动名词固定搭配。句意：接着我们练习使用恰当的肢体语言更好地解释这些艺术品。动词短语practice doing sth意为“练习做某事”，要用动名词充当practice的宾语，所以要把use改为using。
第六处：考查固定搭配。句意：一个月时间的志愿工作现在已经结束了，从中我理解了做一名好的向导很不容易。动词短语come to an end意为“结束”，在句中充当谓语动词。所以要在end前面加an。
第七处：考查定语从句。句意：一个月时间的志愿工作现在已经结束了，从中我理解了做一名好的向导很不容易。本题定语从句的先行词是the month-long volunteer work，关系代词which指代先行词，充当介词from的宾语，what不能引导定语从句。所以要把what改为which。
第八处：考查宾语从句。句意：而且我也意识到团队合作非常重要。句中how引导宾语从句，that是多余的。所以要删除that。
第九处：考查时态。句意：我认为从这次短暂但有意义的经历中，我将会得到终生的好处。本句是对这次志愿工作的评价，要使用一般现在时。所以要把believed改为believe。
第十处：考查连词。句意：我认为从这次短暂但有意义的经历中，我将会得到终生的好处。根据句意可知上下文是转折关系，而不是并列关系。所以要把and改为but。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
72.假如你是李华，作为交流生在英国读书时住在Mrs.Brown家。现在刚回国不久，打算给Mrs.Brown写封邮件，内容包括:
1.表示感谢；
2.告知已寄送礼物；
3.邀约她暑期游北京。
注意:1.词数100左右。开头和结尾已给出。不计入总词数；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Mrs.Brown，
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mrs. Brown,
How is everything going? It’s a week since I returned to China and I miss you so much. Your sincere help and care made my stay in Britain an enjoyable and memorable experience. I really appreciate all that you did for me.
I know you want to take an online Chinese calligraphy course, so I’ve mailed a set of Chinese writing brushes as a gift to you, hoping you’ll like it.
Since you’ve long been dreaming of touring China, I sincerely invite you to visit Beijing this summer, during which I’ll be free and I can accompany and guide you. If you can spare the time to make it, do tell me in advance so that I can make a detailed travel plan for you.
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇提纲类书面表达，要求考生把自己当成李华，作为交流生在英国读书时住在Mrs. Brown家。现在刚回国不久，打算给Mrs. Brown写封邮件表示感谢、告知已寄送礼物并邀请对方来北京游览。本文要点均已给出，总体难度不大。
【详解】第1步：审题。根据文字提示可知本文是一封电子邮件，要求考生给Mrs. Brown写封邮件表示感谢并告知已寄送礼物并邀请对方来北京游览。文章以一般现在时和第三人称为主。
第2步：组织要点。1.表示感谢；2.告知已寄送礼物；3.邀约她暑期游北京。
第3步：根据提示及关键词组进行遣词造句，关键词为appreciate、mail a set of、invite you to visit Beijing、accompany、spare the time等。写作时注意电子邮件的格式和惯用语。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本篇范文结构完美，条理清晰。范文时态和人称运用准确，涵盖了文字提示要求的所有要点，且有适当的个人发挥。考生运用了多样式的句型结构，整篇文章富有变化并不死板。使用了较多的高级词汇和短语结构，如appreciate、accompany、make it、in advance等；尽量运用了丰富的句式，如定语从句I really appreciate all that you did for me.；分词做状语I’ve mailed a set of Chinese writing brushes as a gift to you, hoping you’ll like it. 状语从句If you can spare the time to make it, do tell me in advance so that I can make a detailed travel plan for you.同时文章还运用了一些串联成分，这些串联词让各个要点更紧密地结合在一起。以上写作技巧的运用提升了文章的层次，显示了考生具有很强的驾驭语言的能力。
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