咸阳市2019年高考模拟检测（二）
英语试题
注意事项：
1. 本试卷共10页，全卷满分150分，答题时间为120分钟；
2. 答卷前，考生须准确填写自己的姓名、准考证号，并认真核准条形码上的姓名、准考证号；
3. 选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂，非选择题必须使用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔书写，涂写要工整、清晰；
4. 考试结束，监考员将试题卷、答题卡一并收回。
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
第一节（共5小题，每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What time is it now?
A. 2:20. B. 2:30. C. 2:40.
2. Where is the nearest hospital?
A. Next to a hotel. B. Opposite a school. C. Beside a post office.
3. What do we know about the man ?
A. He hurt his feet while playing football.
B. He can’t run for two weeks.
C. He hasn’t seen a doctor.
4. Where does the woman live now?
A. In New York. B. In Boston. C. In Washington.
5. What’s the number did the man dial?
A. 321-9987. B. 321-9877. C. 321-9887.
第二节（共15小题，每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每
小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How does the woman feel that Rita will work for the man?
A. Doubtful. B. Nervous. C. Excited.
7. What is the man worried about?
A. Rita won’t treat her work seriously.
B. The woman will fire Rita.
C. Rita won’t work for long.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What kind of music does the man like best?
A. Classical music. B. Rock music. C. Jazz music.
9. Who can play the violin?
A. The woman. B. The man. C. The man’s wife.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What’s the possible relationship between the speakers?
A. Customer and clerk.
B. Doctor and patient.
C. Shop assistant and manager.
11. What does that lady think of the man?
A. Impolite. B. Mean. C. Careless.
12. What was that tall lady probably looking at?
A. A skirt. B. A bag. C. A dress.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Why does the man come to New York?
A. To be on holiday. B. To see the woman. C. To attend a meeting.
14. When did the man arrive?
A. Last night. B. This morning. C. This afternoon.
15. What will the woman do tonight?
A. Meet a customer. B. Pick up her boss. C. Go to a party.
16. Who is Henry probably?
A. The woman’s husband. B. The woman’s doctor. C. The man’s colleague.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. When did Robert Frost have his first poem published?
A. When he was in college.
B. When he was in high school.
C. When he was in middle school.
18. Which of the following novels is called “the Great American Novel”?
A. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn.
B. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
C. The Count of Monte Cristo.
19. Who died in 1870?
A. Robert frost. B. Mark Twain. C. Alexandre Duinas.
20. What do we know about Alexandre Dumas from the talk?
A. He lived an expensive lifestyle.
B. He was a humorist and historical novelist.
C. He didn’t like working with the royal household.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题，每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上 将该选项涂黑。
A
Some best music and opera holidays for 2019.
Tangle wood Festival
The villages of Lenox and Stockbridge in western Massachusetts have been the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra for more than 80 years, and its annual Tanglewood festival is East Coast America’s most distinguished music event. Andris Nelsons, BSO music director, conducts 14 of the concerts and star performers include Emanuel Ax, Paul Lewis and Anne-Sophie Mutter. Tickets on sale Feb 10.
June 15—Aug 25 (tanglewood.org)
Aspen Festival
This year is the 70th anniversary of the Aspen Music Festival, one of the longest-running and most prestigious festivals in the United States. The 2019 program has yet to be announced, but a typical eight- week summer season includes more than 400 classical music events—including concerts by five orchestras, solo (独奏) and classical music performances, fully staged opera productions, music lessons, lectures, and children’s programming. Tickets and details available in February.
June 27—Aug 18 (aspenmusicfestival. com)
Grand Teton Music Festival
Aspen’s great classical music competitor in the Rocky Mountains is the Grand Teton, which has been held in Jackson Hole since 1962 and at its heart is a timber concert hall, the Walk Festival Hall, famous for its friendly atmosphere and excellent natural sound. Despite its relatively modest size, the hall attracts the greats—current music director is the Scottish conductor Donald Runnicles. The program for 2019 is yet to be announced but subscriptions are on sale from Feb 1, single tickets from March 1.
July 2—Aug 17 ( gtmf. org)
Salzburg Festival
The excitement is building in Salzburg both for this summer and for its 100th anniversary year in 2020. Bar the Proms, it is the world’s oldest music festival and this year it will pack in an unbelievable 199 performances in 43 days at 16 venues. This year’s theme is ‘Myths’ and includes first public performances of Mozart’s Idomeneo and George Enescu’s opera dipe.
July 20—Aug 31 (salzburgfestival. at)
1. Which of the festivals has the shortest history?
A. Tangle wood Festival. B. Aspen Festival.
C. Salzburg Festival. D. Grand Teton Music Festival.
2. What can we learn about Tanglewood Festival?
A. It is held from June 27 to Aug. 18.
B. Its tickets can be available from March 1.
C. It is best known in the east coast of America.
D. Its more information can be got from gtmf. org.
3. What is the similarity of Aspen Festival and Salzburg Festival?
A. Their tickets can be got in February.
B. They will be held in the same months.
C. They both have music and opera performances.
D. Their audience can be both adults and children.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文为应用文。文中有四个广告，介绍了2019年最好的音乐和歌剧节。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Tangle wood Festival部分可知有80多年的历史。Aspen Festival部分中的“This year is the 70th anniversary of the Aspen Music Festival, one of the longest-running and most prestigious festivals in the United States”可知，有70年的历史。Grand Teton Music Festival中的“…which has been held in Jackson Hole since 1962”可知只有（2019-1962=）47年的历史。Salzburg Festival部分中的“The excitement is building in Salzburg both for this summer and for its 100th anniversary year in 2020.”可知，已有100年的历史。比较可知，D. Grand Teton Music Festival只有47年，历史是短，故选D。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二个广告可知Aspen Festival是在“June 27—Aug 18 (aspenmusic festival. com)”可知A是错误的。根据Grand Teton Music Festival最后的内容The program for 2019 is yet to be announced but subscriptions are on sale from Feb 1, single tickets from March 1.July 2—Aug 17 ( gtmf. org)可知，可知B和D是错误的。根据Tangle wood Festival部分中的“The villages of Lenox and Stockbridge in western Massachusetts have been the summer home of the Boston Symphony Orchestra for more than 80 years, and its annual Tanglewood festival is East Coast America’s most distinguished music event.”可知，Tangle wood Festival节日是在美国东海岸最出名。分析选项可知，C项正确。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Aspen Festival 和 Salzburg Festival部分的内容可知，这两个节日都有音乐和歌剧表演。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
【点睛】新闻广告类材料是高考的热门考题。其文句简练，信息量大，句式使用简单，表达方式多样，但阅读这类题目也是有规律可循的。此类文章主要考查学生提取信息和处理信息
的能力。既注重特定细节的筛选、类比、综合，又注重推理判断题的考查。题目设置相对较易。答题时没有必要弄清每一句话，只要重点理解和题目有关的信息就可以了。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“倒序法”来处理。即先看问题，后看文章内容，略读问题和选项，带问题阅读。这样在阅读中有重点，有针对性地读，冗余无效的信息可略读甚至是不读。在阅读时要特殊留意文中以黑体、大写、下划线等方式加以提示或是小标题等，因为这很有可能是文章的核心或至少是一部分关键性内容的概括。如第1小题属于细节理解题。首先明确问题Which of the festivals has the shortest history?然后带着四个选项A. Tangle wood Festival.B.Aspen Festival. C. Salzburg Festival. D. Grand Teton Music Festival在文章中定位到具体的段落上找到相应的内容，再进行比较就可得出答案。如根据Tangle wood Festival部分可知有80多年的历史。Aspen Festival部分中的“This year is the 70th anniversary of the Aspen Music Festival, one of the longest-running and most prestigious festivals in the United States”可知，有70年的历史。Grand Teton Music Festival中的“…which has been held in Jackson Hole since 1962”可知只有（2019-1962=）47年的历史。Salzburg Festival部分中的“The excitement is building in Salzburg both for this summer and for its 100th anniversary year in 2020.”可知，已有100年的历史。比较可知，D. Grand Teton Music Festival只有47年，历史是短，故选D。
B
Mark Elliot Zuckerberg was born on May the 14th, 1984. He is the creator of the social media site Facebook. He was a star student at school, winning prizes in astronomy, maths and physics. He was also good at Classical studies. He studied Psychology and Computer Science at Harvard University, which is where he created Facebook. His invention led to his becoming Time magazine’s Person Of The Year for 2010.
Zuckerberg excelled in everything he did in his youth. He was captain of the school fencing team, spoke many languages and was a highly skilled computer programmer. While other kids played computer games, he designed them. He created his first network while in high school to connect all of the computers - in his father’s dental surgery. He also built a media player which attracted the interest of Microsoft and AOL.
Zuckerberg started at Harvard in September 2002. In his first year, he created Facemash, a Facebook predecessor (前身), which let students select the college’s best looking people from a selection of photos.
He launched Facebook from his Harvard room in February 2004. It was the start of a rollercoaster
ride that would connect half a billion people worldwide and make him the world’s youngest billionaire.
Mark Zuckerberg is now one of the most influential people on the planet. He has dined with the president of the USA and regularly attends global economic summits and technology conferences. He stated: “The thing I really care about is the mission, making the world open.” In 2010, Zuckerberg signed a promise, in which he promised to donate at least half of his life wealth to charity.
4. The underlined word “excelled in” can be replaced by ________.
A. was addicted to B. did well in
C. was absorbed in D. looked forward to
5. The 2nd paragraph is mainly about young Zuckerberg's ________.
A. advantages in sports B. computer programming ability
C. brilliant performance in many fields D. great attraction to Microsoft and AOL.
6. When did Zuckerberg invent Facebook?
A. In 1984 B. In 2010
C. In 2002 D. In 2004
7. What can we infer from the text?
A. Zuckerberg built his social media site after graduating from university.
B. Zuckerberg’s Facebook predecessor helped him become world famous.
C. Zuckerberg’s donation made him Time magazine's Person Of The Year for 2010.
D. Zuckerberg is not only an intelligent computer giant but also a kind billionaire.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. D 7. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。马克·艾略特·扎克伯格是社交媒体网站Facebook的创建者，是世界上最年轻的亿万富翁。他在天文学、数学和物理学方面获过奖，在电脑和网络方面做的非常出色。他的发明使他成为《时代》杂志2010年度最佳人物。
【4题详解】
猜测词义题。根据第二段中的“Zuckerberg excelled in everything he did in his youth. He was captain of the school fencing team, spoke many languages and was a highly skilled computer programmer. While other kids played computer games, he designed them. He created his first
network while in high school to connect all of the computers …”可知，“扎克伯格年轻时是学校击剑队的队长，会多种语言，是一名熟练的计算机程序员。当其他孩子玩电脑游戏时，他设计了电脑程序。他在高中时创建了第一个连接所有计算机的网络，引起了微软的兴趣”。由此可知，扎克伯格年轻时做的每件事都很出色。由此可推断出“excelled in”可被B. did well in（做的好，非常棒）符合题意，故选B。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段首句“Zuckerberg excelled in everything he did in his youth.”以及全段的内容，可知“扎克伯格年轻时做的每件事都很出色。他是学校击剑队的队长，会多种语言，是一名熟练的计算机程序员。他在高中时创建了第一个连接所有计算机的网络甚至吸引了微软和美国在线的兴趣”，可知，他在许多领域内有精彩的表现。分析选项可知C符合题意，故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段的内容可知，“He launched Facebook from his Harvard room in February 2004”。由此可知他在2004推出了Facebook，故选D。
【7题详解】
推断判断题。第一段“Mark Elliot Zuckerberg was bom on May the 14th, 1984. He is the creator of the social media site Facebook”可知，只知他是社交网站的创始人，但没说何时建立的，故A错误的。第三段“he created Facemash, a Facebook predecessor (前身), which let students select the college’s best looking people from a selection of photos.”可知B是错误的，根据第一段最后一句“His invention led to his becoming Time magazine’s Person Of The Year for 2010.”可知，是他的发明而不是他的捐款让他成为《时代》杂志2010年度最佳人物，故C错误。通读全文可知，扎克伯格在电脑和网络方面做的非常出色，是社交媒体网站Facebook的创建者。他还是世界上最年轻的亿万富翁。在2010年，扎克伯格签署了一项承诺，承诺将至少一半的财富捐给慈善机构。由此可推断出“不仅是一个聪明的电脑巨人，也是一个善良的亿万富翁”。故D正确。
【点睛】高考逻辑用推理猜测词义是使用最广考查最多也最易失分的猜词方式。词义推断可以是一个单词的意义推断，也可以是一个短语或句子的意义推断，既可以是生词意义，也可以是熟词新意；还可以是对替代词所替代内容的判断。在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，要根据短文提供的语境，通过阅读上下文，根据已知的信息或常识来推测尚不熟悉的词或词组的含义。这要求考生具备整合分散、复杂信息的能力，充分
利用上下文中相关的词汇并结合具体的语境，从形式和内容上把握语言之间的内在联系，理顺语言之间的逻辑关系，进而达到猜词的目的。如第1小题属于猜测词义题。根据第二段中的“Zuckerberg excelled in everything he did in his youth. He was captain of the school fencing team, spoke many languages and was a highly skilled computer programmer. While other kids played computer games, he designed them. He created his first network while in high school to connect all of the computers …”可知，“扎克伯格年轻时是学校击剑队的队长，会多种语言，是一名熟练的计算机程序员。当其他孩子玩电脑游戏时，他设计了它们。他在高中时创建了第一个连接所有计算机的网络，引起了微软的兴趣”。由此可知，扎克伯格年轻时做的每件事都很出色。由此可推断出“excelled in”可被B. did well in（做的好，非常棒）符合题意，故选B。
C
China has become the first country to successfully land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon. The Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) has also made the first lunar landing since 1972. It has the task of exploring the side of the moon that never faces the earth. The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side. It takes the moon as long to go around on its own axis (轴) as it does for one complete orbit around the Earth.
The Chinese probe landed in a huge crater 2500 km in diameter and 13 km deep. The crater is one of the oldest parts of the moon and our solar system.
Scientists hope to learn more about the geology of the far side of the moon. The craft has two cameras on board which will send images back to earth. It will also attempt to send signals to distant regions of space, something that cannot happen on earth because of too much radio noise.
Chang'e-4 also has instruments on board to examine minerals as well as a container with seeds which will try to create a miniature (微型的) biosphere (生物圈).
Communication with the spacecraft is not easy. Images and other data must be transmitted to a separate satellite because no direct communication with the earth is possible.
For China the Chang'e-4 mission is an important achievement, because the country has successfully done something no other nation on earth has. It wants to become a leading power in space exploration and has announced plans to send astronauts to the moon and set up its own space station.
8. Where did the Chang'e 4 probe land?
A. On the lunar side facing the earth B. On the invisible side of the moon
C. In a younger crater on the moon. D. In a previous space station.
9. Why is the craft equipped with a container?
A. To see what seeds can come out on the moon.
B. To collect some important matter on the moon.
C. To find whether the seeds can grow on the moon.
D. To check whether some minerals exist on the moon.
10. What can we learn from the text?
A. The dark side of the moon is as cold as the other side.
B. The bright side is younger and thinner than the other side.
C. Other places in space may hardly receive signals from the craft.
D. The two cameras on the craft can send pictures to the earth easily.
11. According to the text, what will China do in the future?
A. China will land manned space craft on the moon.
B. China will built another space station on the moon.
C. China will launch more space probes to the moon.
D. China will become the first country in exploring space.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. A
【解析】
本文为说明文。中国已成为第一个在月球远端成功着陆航天器的国家。嫦娥4号探测器也于1972年首次登月，它的任务是探索月球永不面对地球的一面。长安四号任务使中国成功地完成了地球上其他国家所没有的事情。它希望成为太空探索的领军力量，中国宣布计划将宇航员送上月球并建立自己的空间站。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Chang’e-4 probe (探测器) has also made the first lunar landing since 1972. It has the task of exploring the side of the moon that never faces the earth.”可知，
嫦娥4号探测器也于1972年首次登月。它的任务是探索月球永不面对地球的一面。“the side of the moon that never faces the earth”即是“the invisible side of the moon”。月球永不面对地球的一面即是在月球看不见的一面。分析可知， B项符合题意，选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Chang'e-4 also has instruments on board to examine minerals as well as a container with seeds which will try to create a miniature (微型的) biosphere”可知，“嫦娥4号上还装有矿物检测仪器，以及一个装有种子的容器，试图用这些种子来创造一个微型生物圈。”由此可知，用容器的种子来看看是否能在月球上生长。分析选项可知C符合题意，故选C。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The dark side of the moon is older and has a thicker surface than the visible side.” 月球的暗面比能看到的（即亮的）那一面古老、表面要厚些。也就是说亮的那一面比另一面（暗的一面）要年轻些，要薄一些。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“ It wants to become a leading power in space exploration and has announced plans to send astronauts to the moon and set up its own space station.”可知“中国已宣布有计划将宇航员送上月球并建立自己的空间站。”由此可推断出中国将会让载人航天飞机登上月球。分析选项可知A正确。
D
As the weather gets colder, we start wearing jackets, and most of us stop thinking about the sun. But the sun’s rays can be just as harmful when it’s cold and cloudy outside. “Any exposed area of your body can still get sunburned,” Dr. Apple Bodemer, an associate professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, told Live Science.
Whether you spend a day on the slopes, skating on a pond or clearing snow out of your driveway, your face is still getting exposed to the sun’s radiation in the form of ultraviolet (紫外线) (UV) light, which can go deep into your skin cells causing DNA damage, according to Bodemer.
The sun’s long ultraviolet A (UVA) waves can cause earlier aging, sunspots and wrinkles, while its short ultraviolet B (UVB) rays are known for causing skin reddening and burns.
Skin damage caused by UV exposure increases over time. More exposure to radiation contributes to more severe damage, even skin cancer. In addition, snow and ice can also make sun damage worse.
They reflect up to 80 percent of UV rays reaching the ground. That means you get hit from both the sky and the ground. And skiers and snowboarders increase their risk of getting sunburned even more because UV exposure increases at higher altitudes.
“Generally, the biggest factor for sun-sensitivity is how pale your skin is,” he said. “But, the reality is that even the darkest individual can get sun damage.”
Luckily, the solution for protecting your skin is simple: Wear sunscreen every day. Rigel recommended using sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) of at least 30, and going higher at high altitudes. As a rule of thumb, SPF 30 will block 97 percent of UVB rays, SPF 50 blocking 98 percent, and SPF 100 blocking 99 percent. Whatever kind of sunscreen you use, it’s important to apply SPF about once every 2 hours.
Rigel also suggested sunscreens with “broad spectrum (光谱)”—to protect against both UVB and UVA rays—as well as sunscreens that are water resistant for up to 80 minutes. That way, you can go about your day without it wearing off too quickly.
12. Which of the statements best describes UV lights?
A. UVB lights cause much less damage to skin than UVA lights.
B. Skin damage from UV lights can he totally prevented by sunscreen.
C. Snow and ice make people suffer much more from UV light damage.
D. People outdoors needn’t worry about getting sunburned on a cold day.
13. Which is the most vital factor as for sun damage?
A. Your skin color. B. The clothes you wear.
C. The altitude of your place. D. The weather when you are outside.
14. What do we know about sunscreen?
A. The lower sunscreen SPF is, the better effect it will have.
B. People working in high mountains need sunscreen SPF30.
C. Applying sunscreen once when outside is necessary.
D. Water resistant sunscreen can be applied once every 80 minutes.
15. What may be the best title for the text?
A. Being Exposed to Sun Rays B. Ultraviolet A & Ultraviolet B
C. Getting Less Sunburn in Winter D. Different Kinds Of Sunscreens
【答案】12. C 13. A 14. D 15. C
【解析】
本文为说明文。天气变冷，室外的太阳也可能会让我们暴露在外面的身体部位被晒伤。太阳长紫外线会导致早衰、黑斑和皱纹，短红外线则会导致皮肤变红或灼伤。因此冬天也要预防晒伤。文章还就如何防止皮肤晒伤给出一点建议。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中的“snow and ice can also make sun damage worse. They reflect up to 80 percent of UV rays reaching the ground. That means you get hit from both the sky and the ground. And skiers and snowboarders increase their risk of getting sunburned even more because UV exposure increases at higher altitudes.”可知“雪和冰也会使人受到太阳的损伤更严重。雪和冰能反射高达80%到达地面的紫外线。…滑冰和滑雪的人更容易被晒伤，因为在高海拔地区紫外线照射会增加”，由此可判断出，雪和冰使人们遭受更多的紫外线伤害。分析选项可知C符合题意，故选C。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段“Generally, the biggest factor for sun-sensitivity is how pale your skin is”，可知，“对阳光敏感的最大因素是皮肤的苍白程度”。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段“Rigel also suggested sunscreens with‘broad spectrum (光谱)’—to protect against both UVB and UVA rays—as well as sunscreens that are water resistant for up to 80 minutes. That way, you can go about your day without it wearing off too quickly”可知，每80分钟可涂抹一次防水防晒霜以此防紫外线B和紫外线A射线以及防水，这样不会因为防晒霜消失地太快而被晒伤，有利于防晒。分析选项可知D符合题意，故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。本文一开头叙述天气变冷，室外的太阳也可能会让我们暴露在外面的身体部位被晒伤。太阳长紫外线会导致早衰、黑斑和皱纹，短红外线则会导致皮肤变红或灼伤。因此冬天也要减少晒伤。分析选项可知C项符合题意，故选C。
第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Are you trying to find ways to be more efficient at your job? If so, please follow these habits of
naturally productive people.
They take breaks. ___16___ Studies show that prolonged tasks that require high levels of focus, energy, and attention can cause you to become less productive and focused over time. Take brief mental breaks. Setting aside a little time here and there to release your focus can significantly help maintain it for longer periods of time.
___17___ Settle down, super men and women. While it's fine to pride yourself on your abilities to multitask, it's in your best interest (and your employer's) if you stick to one to-do at a time. Somewhere along the lines, our culture has embraced and promoted this idea that the more we can do at once, the better. ___18___ In fact, the more we multi-task, the less efficient and productive we become in all the tasks we are trying to accomplish.
They have a full night's sleep. In school, you may have found that too many students stay up late to finish a paper or study for an exam, but, despite your best efforts, research shows this is not the way to do business. ___19___ Actually, studies have linked insufficient sleep to decreased levels of productivity, unsatisfactory work performance, and poorer safety outcomes.
___20___ You know the countless benefits of exercise. It also seriously improves your mood by releasing something to relieve stress and increase your brains productivity. Even 30-minute bursts of moderate-to-high physical activity just three to four times a day can go a long way in helping you accomplish your personal and professional goals.
A. They value fitness.
B. Pressing pause Is Important.
C. They prefer to do more every day.
D. However, research shows the opposite.
E. They don't try to do everything at once.
F Enough sleep makes great contribution to efficient work.
G. Poor sleep or lack of sleep carries some pretty negative rewards.
【答案】16. B 17. E
18. D 19. G
20. A
【解析】
本文为应用说明文。作者认为只有遵循自然规律才能提高工作效率。如工作中要有休息，即
使是短暂的休息也可让你养精蓄锐，提高注意力。不要同时做多重任务，任务越多，效率越低。还要有充足的睡眠，锻炼身体也有非常多的好处。
【16题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。本段的中心为“They take breaks”。本段主要叙述了短暂的精神休息有助于集中精力、使注意力集中。分析选项可知B项（短暂的休息很很重要）符合题意，故选B。
【17题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。分析空后内容可知，尽管可以为自己的多任务能力感到自豪，但如果你一次只做一件事，这对你（和你的老板）是最有利的。以及最后一句“事实上，我们的任务越多，在我们试图完成的所有任务中效率就越低”可知，多任务会使工作的效率低，因此不要一次做所有的事情。分析选项可知E项符合题意，故选E。
【18题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空前说“在某些方面，我们的文化已经接受并推广了这样一种观点，即我们一次能做的越多，越好”以及最后一句“事实上，我们的任务越多，在我们试图完成的所有任务中效率和效率就越低”可知，前后表达是说研究以前的传统认为的，以及研究与此相反。分析选项可知D项符合题意，故稳定D。
【19题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。根据空后的“事实上，研究发现睡眠不足与生产力水平下降、工作表现不佳以及安全性较差有关。”可知，睡眠不好或睡眠不足会带来一些相当负面的回报。分析选项可知G项符合题意，故选G。
【20题详解】
考查对上下文的理解及推理判断能力。空格后说“锻炼会带来无尽的好处，即使是每天30分钟的锻炼坚持下去也会对你有利的”。分析选项可知，只有A项（重视健身）与锻炼身体有关，故A符合题意，故选A。
第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅谈下面短文，从短文后各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出适合填入对应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Those working for the poor and the physically-challenged might be inspired by a 72-year-old British famous woman doctor Rachel Pinniger. She has devoted 40 years to ___21___ primary doctors
and treating patients in ___22___ areas of Bhutan, Nepal and Tibet of China.
Many patients there made a ___23___ by making traditional products. They could ___24___ pay those for medical fees, but for Rachel that was enough. In 2012 Rachel ___25___ from cancer. But whether it would be cured ___26___ or not, she decided to help the patients ___27___ being poor and live better.
To further her ___28___ in China, Rachel, in 2013, ___29___ her Blue Sheep Shop in Chengdu.
“I named the shop Blue Sheep ____30____ a blue sheep The first time I was going to Tibet, a beautiful sheep jumped down from a hill and ____31____ me and my friends with its horns (角). Seeing this, I happily ____32____ to him! It turned out that the sheep wanted us to stay.” She said.
The shop offers a wide range of handmade ethnic (民族的) ____33____. Although small, it has ____34____ 600 or more poor families living in rural areas. All the goods in the shop were made by the hands of those healthy and ____35____. However, other people thought it was much too ____36____. Thus she never asked anybody else to ____37____ money in it. “I'm well aware of the fact that my money may ____38____ but I'm happy to ____39____ at least.” said Rachel.
As is always her ____40____, “one person may not change the world, but we all can change the world for one person.”
21. A. saving B. watching C. searching D. training
22. A. rich B. urban C. undeveloped D. deserted
23. A. difference B. living C. wish D. deal
24. A. merely B. ever C. never D. seldom
25. A. resulted B. suffered C. recovered D. died
26. A. completely B. partly C. mainly D. mostly
27. A. delay B. consider C. escape D. enjoy
28. A. fame B. efforts C. reputation D. benefits
29. A. shared B. opened C. closed D. helped
30. A. in hope of B. in defence of C. in need of D. in memory of
31. A. welcomed B. frightened C. greeted D. stopped
32. A. pointed B. turned C. chatted D. objected
33. A. goods B. groups C. possessions D. gifts
34. A. held B. provided C. surprised D. benefited
35. A. relaxed B. satisfied C. disabled D. pleased
36. A. small B. risky C. meaningless D. strange
37. A. find B. borrow C. draw D. put
38. A. win B. fail C. increase D. earn
39. A. try B. gain C. succeed D. lose
40. A. friend B. enemy C. motto D. warning
【答案】21. D 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. D 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. C 36. B 37. D 38. B 39. A 40. C
【解析】
本文为记叙文。主要叙述了为穷人及身体缺陷的人服务的名医生雷切尔·平宁格，以及她对于不发达地区如不丹、尼泊尔和中国西藏等地区的患者进行医疗帮助。
【21题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. saving节约；B. watching观察；C. searching搜查；D. training训练。此句为“那些为穷人和有身体缺陷的人可能被一位72岁的英国著名女医生雷切尔·平宁格所鼓舞，她花了40年时间来培训初级医生和治疗（training）病人”，故选D。
【22题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. rich富有；B. urban城市的；C. undeveloped 不发达的；D. deserted被抛弃的。根据后面的“不丹、尼泊尔和中国西藏”等可知，这是不发达的（undeveloped）地区，故选C。
【23题详解】
考查固定短语。A. difference不同，区别；B. living生活方式，生计；C. wish希望；D. deal交易。句意：那里的许多病人靠生产传统产品谋生。make a living by为固定搭配，意为“以…..谋生”，因此选B。
【24题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. merely仅仅，只是；B. ever曾经；C. never从未；D. seldom罕见。此处是指根据文章可知，文中的雷切尔是为穷人及有身体残疾的人服务的，因此此处是指病人们只是（merely）支付药费，故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. resulted导致；B. suffered遭受；C. recovered恢复；D. died死。此处是指“2012年，雷切尔患了癌症”。suffer from为固定搭配，意为“患（某种病）”，故选B。
【26题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. completely完全地；B. partly部分地；C. mainly主要地；D. mostly大部分。分析语境可知，此处是指“但不管能否完全治愈，她决定帮助病人摆脱贫困，生活得更好。”分析选项可知A正确。
【27题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. delay耽搁，延迟；B. consider思考；C. escape逃避；D. enjoy享受。此处是指“雷切尔决定帮助病人摆脱贫困，生活得更好”，故选C。
【28题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. fame框架；B. efforts努力；C. reputation名声；D. benefits利益，好处。根据下文的语境可知，下文所叙述的是雷切尔在中国所做的努力（efforts），故选B。
【29题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. shared分享；B. opened打开；C. closed关闭；D. helped帮助。根据语境可知，“2013年，雷切尔在成都开了（opened）一家蓝羊店”。可知，B符合题意，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查短语辨析。A. in hope of希望；B. in defence of抵御；C. in need of需要；D. in memory of记忆。句意：为了纪念（in memory of）我第一次去西藏时的一只蓝羊，我给这家商店取名为“蓝羊”。因此可知选D。
【31题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. welcomed欢迎；B. frightened恐吓；C. greeted打招呼；D. stopped停止。根据下一句“It turned out that the sheep wanted us to stay.”可知，是羊想让我们留下来。因此此处是指“一只漂亮的羊从山上跳下来，用角挡住（stopped）了我和我的朋友”，故选D。
【32题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. pointed指向；B. turned转变；C. chatted聊天；D. objected反对。此句是指“看到这情形，我高兴地和他‘聊天’（chatted）！”故选C。
【33题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. goods商品；B. groups 群，组；C. possessions财产，D. gifts礼物。根据第14小题后的“All the goods in the shop”可知，“这家商店提供各种各样的手工民族商品（goods）”，故选A。
【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. held举行；B. provided提供；C. surprised使惊讶；D. benefited有益于，受惠。分析句子可知“虽然规模小，但它已经惠及了600多个农村贫困家庭。”故选A。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. relaxed使放松；B. satisfied使满意；C. disabled使残疾；D. pleased使高兴。根据上文可知，雷切尔就是帮助那些穷人及身体残疾的人。因此此处是指“商店里所有的商品都是由那些健康和残疾人士（disabled）手工制作的”，故选C。
【36题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. small小的；B. risky冒险的，危险的；C. meaningless无意义的；D. strange奇怪的。根据语境可知，此处是指“然而，其他人认为这太冒险了（risky）”，故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. find发现；B. borrow借；C. draw画；D. put放置。根据上句说帮助穷人及残疾人是有风险的，因此“因此，她从未要求任何人投（put）钱进去”故选D。
【38题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. win赢得；B. fail失败；C. increase增加；D. earn获得。分析后面“but I'm happy to ___19___ at least”可知，此处是指“我很清楚我投的钱可能会失败（fail）”。故选B。
【39题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. try尝试，尽力；B. gain获得；C. succeed成功；D. lose失去。根据上下文可知，此处是指“我很清楚我投的钱可能会失败，但至少我很愿意尝试（try）”。分析选项可知A符合题意，故选A。
【40题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. friend朋友；B. enemy敌人；C. motto座右铭，格言；D. warning提醒。根据下面的一句话，可知这是她一句座右铭（motto），故选C。
第二节 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Every year around Valentine’s Day, men begin to worry about what ___41___ (present) to buy and women ___42___ (fill) with hope and expectation. Or the other way around. In China, more couples get married on that very day, ___43___ (add) romance to their promises. But for many, love is neither the matter-of-course choice ___44___ the preferred one. More young, working urban residents are delaying or even choosing not to ___45___ (active) seek their partners despite the social pressure
from the older generations to do so.
Over the years, China’s divorce rate has exceeded (超过) that of marriage. According to the statistics from the Ministry of Civil Affairs, 10 million couples registered for marriage in 2017 fell by 7% ___46___ (compare) with the same period last year, while 43.7 million couples divorced, 5.2% more than the same period last year.
There is also a growing trend towards people marrying later: since 2013, the number of couples aged 25 to 29 has been greater than ___47___ of younger couples. In the ___48___ (late) survey on professional attitudes towards love and marriage, more than half of the investigated in Yangzhou, ___49___ second-level city on the East coast, were satisfied ___50___ their marriage after 35.
【答案】41. presents
42. are filled
43. adding 44. nor
45. actively
46. compared
47. that 48. latest
49. a 50. with
【解析】
本文为应用文。每年情人节前后，男人开始担心要买什么礼物，女人则充满了希望和期待。在中国，越来越多的夫妇在同一天结婚，为他们爱的承诺增添了浪漫色彩。但更多年轻、有工作的城市居民推迟甚至选择不积极寻找伴侣。而且中国的离婚率已超过结婚率，晚婚的趋势也越来越大。
【41题详解】
考查名词。句意：每年情人节前后，男人们开始关注买什么礼物。分析句子可知，主语是复数men，买的礼物也要用复数，故填presents。
【42题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：女人心中充满了希望和期望。be filled with…为固定搭配，意为“充满…”。分析句子可知，本句的主语是复数women，所以系动词be要用复数形式。故填are filled。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：在中国，越来越多的夫妇在情人节这一天结婚，为他们的承诺增添了浪漫色彩。分析句子可知，本空是作结果状语，前面的句子的导致后面的结果，要用非谓语中的动词ing形式，故填adding。
【44题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：但是对于许多人来说，爱情既不是自然的选择，也不是首选的问题。neither…nor…为固定搭配，意为“既不….也不….”。因此本空要填nor。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：但更多年轻、有工作的城市居民推迟甚至不积极主动寻找伴侣。分析句子可知，本空在句中修饰动词seek，修饰动词要用副词形式，故填actively。
【46题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：2017年，1000万对登记结婚的夫妇相比去年同期下降了7%。compared with…为固定搭配，意为“与…..相比”，因此要填compared。
【47题详解】
考查连词。句意：自2013年以来，25至29岁的夫妇数量一直高于年轻夫妇。分析句子可知，本空指代前面的the number，指代前面的同类但不同物的词，可用that，故填that。
【48题详解】
考查语境。句意：在最近的一次关于爱情婚姻职业态度的调查中，在扬州超过一半的人接受了调查。分析句子可知，本空是指“最新的”，即latest。
【49题详解】
考查冠词。句意：超过一半的调查对象来自东海岸的扬州，一个二级城市。分析句子可知，本空表示数量“一”，即用冠词a。
【50题详解】
考查固定搭配。句意：这些调查对象对35岁以后对婚姻感到满意。分析句子可知，be satisfied with…为固定搭配，故填with。
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
It was 9 a. m.. The sun has shone brilliantly. I stood by the lake, waited for my turn to boat. Just then, a little dog lie at my feet quietly. “Am I supposed to touch them?” With little experience of dealing with animals, I hesitated. After while, it seemed to be disappointing and disappeared from my sight. Later I got a chance to row a boat in the lake. Seeing some pigeon flying the white wings in the sky and others feeding themselves on the bank, I merrily rowed the boat, a gentle wind passing me pleasant.
It is not until you experience in person when you can get the real meaning from nature.
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】
本文为记叙文。本文记叙了上午9点时阳光灿烂，我站在湖边及在湖上划船所看到的情景。
【详解】1.考查时态。句意：上午9点。阳光灿烂。分析句子可知，根据It was 9a.m可知，要用一般过去时，而不能用现在完成时。故去掉has。
2.考查非谓语做状语。句意：我站在湖边，等着上船。分析句子可知，本句中的wait修饰前面的动词stood，做stood的伴随状语，故把waited改为waiting。
3.考查动词的时态。句意：就在这时，一只小狗静静地躺在我的脚边。根据文章的时间状语可知，本文讲述的是过去的事，所以要用一般过去时，因此要把lie改为lay 。
4.考查代词。句意：我该摸摸它吗？分析上下文可知，本句是摸那只小狗，所以要用单数，故把them改为it。
5.考查冠词。句意：过了一会儿，它似乎有点失望，从我的视线中消失了。after a while为固定搭配，意为“一会儿”，故在while前添加a。
6.考查语境及形容词。句意：它（狗）似乎有点失望。Disappointing
“令人失望的”，一般修饰物；而disappointed“失望的”，一般修饰人或有生命的动物，分析句子可知本句是指小狗有点失望，因此把disappointing改为disappointed 。
7. 考查介词。句意：后来我有机会在湖里划船。船是在湖面上的，要用on。因此把in改为on 。
8.考查名词的复数。句意：看到一些鸽子在天空中展翅飞翔，另一些则在岸边觅食。分析句子可知，本句中的pigeon在句中被some修饰，所以要用复数形式，故把pigeon改为pigeons。
9.考查副词形式。句意：我快乐地划着船，一阵微风轻拂着我，令人愉快。分析句子可知，本句中的pleasant 用于修饰代前面的句子，修饰前面的一个句子要用副词，故把pleasant改为pleasantly 。
10.考查强调句型。句意：只有亲身体验，才能从大自然中获得真正的意义。 when改为that。
【点睛】动词-ing形式作伴随状语。
动词-ing形式作状语表示在进行一动作的同时所进行的另一动作，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.他躺在草地上，长时间地望着天空。
Mary sat by the window of the classroom, reading a book. (伴随状语，表示动作的同时进行)
一般情况下，动词-ing所表示的动作和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，它没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但可以用并列句转换。
1）女孩走进教室时边唱着歌跳着舞：
The girl came into the classroom, singing and dancing.
=The girl came into the classroom and they sang and danced.
2）他躺在草地上，盯着天空看了很久：
He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.
= He lay on the grass,and stared at the sky for a long time
如本大题中的第2小题考查非谓语做伴随状语。分析句子可知，本句中的wait修饰前面的动词stood，做stood的伴随状语，故把waited改为waiting。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52.假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Henry非常喜欢中国，来信询问你校中国国学经典（Chinese classics）的上课情况。请你依照下列要点写一封回信：
1. 表达问候；
2. 介绍国学上课情况；
3. 表达祝愿。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 标题和落款已给出，词数不计算在内。
Dear Henry,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Henry,
How is everything going? I feel glad to introduce the study of Chinese classics in our school.
First, we have special textbooks about Chinese classics and professional teachers. Second, we’re scheduled once a week to study Tang and Song poetry. Third, there are weekly after-class activities to learn Chinese calligraphy and watercolor painting, from which we’ve been benefited a lot. I hope that
through learning, we can have a deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture. Now that you’re interested in China’s classical culture, I will send a textbook and some related materials to you soon. Wish you succeed in your study and all the best!
Sincerely yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
假如你是李华，你的美国朋友Henry非常喜欢中国，来信询问你校中国国学经典（Chinese classics）的上课情况。请你下列要点写一封回信：表达问候；介绍国学上课情况；表达祝愿。
【详解】本文为应用文中的书信体。书信体文章一般包括三个部分。第一部分是：表达问候及写信的原因。目的是介绍中国古典文学的学习。第二部分是信的主题 ，信的主要内容就是介绍国学上课情况，这部分要注考生适当增加细节，以使行文连贯，如每周学习一次唐诗和宋诗。每周的课外活动中学习中国书法和水彩画等。最后一部分表达祝愿。文章字数在词数100左右。要注意运用顺序连词，使文章行文流畅。
【点睛】本文结构合理，要点完整。用词较高级如be scheduled to do…, have a understanding of…，relate… to…., succeed in…。First,…Second,…Third,….。文中句式灵活多样，尤其是复合句运用的恰当自如，如定语从句：there are weekly after-class activities to learn Chinese calligraphy and watercolor painting, from which we’ve been benefited a lot；状语从句：Now that you’re interested in China’s classical culture, I will send a textbook and some related materials to you soon；宾语从句：I hope that through learning, we can have a deeper understanding of Chinese traditional culture和祈使句：Wish you your study and all the best!
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