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永州市2019年高考第一次模拟考试试卷
英语试题
注意事项：
1. 答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号，回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题，每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. What is the weather like this week?
A. Snowy. B. Windy. C. Sunny.
2. Who might Mr. Peterson be?
A. A new professor. B. A department head. C. A company director.
3. How will the woman go back home?
A. By car. B. On foot. C. By bus.
4. Why is the woman angry?
A. She dislikes the necklace’s shape.
B. She paid more money for the necklace.
C. Alice said the necklace was cheap.
5. What does the woman want the man to do?
A. Help her buy a ticket.
B. Take her to the train station.
C. Find her glasses.
第二节 （共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. Whose CD is broken?
A. Kathy’s. B. Mum’s. C. Jack’s.
7. What does the boy promise to do for the girl?
A. Buy her a new CD. B. Do some cleaning. C. Give her 10 dollars.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. In a car. B. At a gas station. C. At the woman’s home.
9. How does the man feel about the situation?
A. Confident. B. Worried. C. Terrified.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. How do the couple get a room？
A. By phone. B. In person. C. Over the internet.
11. Where did the couple probably stay last night？
A. In the hotel. B. In the office. C. In their tent.
12. When will the couple get the morning call？
A. At 7:00 am. B. At 7:30 am. C. At 7:56 am.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Cousins. B. Colleagues. C. Policeman and witness.
14. What did the drunk man ask the woman to give him?
A. Her seat. B. Her beer. C. Her number.
15. What did Derek do to the drunk man?
A. Hit him in the face. B. Argued with him. C. Threw a bottle at him.
16. What does the man think of Derek?
A. Brave. B. Stupid. C. Rude.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. How far is Coober Pedy from Alice Springs?
A. 690 kilometers. B. 860 kilometers. C. 960 kilometers.
18. When did people begin to live in Coober Pedy?
A. In 1915. B. In 1930. C. In 1940.
19. Who set up settlements in Coober Pedy?
A. Some Europeans. B. Australian soldiers. C. French explorers.
20. What is Coober Pedy probably best known for?
A. Extreme climate. B. Precious stones. C. Underground living.
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Bus Tours in Washington DC
The Blossoms Tour In Washington DC
Duration: 3 hours $56.99
BEST WAY to Experience the Cherry Blossoms! Each year from mid March to mid April, see the beautiful Cherry Blossoms in Washington DC and get great photos because you’ll be led to all the best spots by the best guides. The annual spring bloom in DC is a magical time and this tour promises to provide the very best tour opportunity for you!
The Lights Night Tour in Washington DC
Duration: 3 hours $56.33
Highest-rated Night Tour in DC! The ONLY DC Night Tour where the Tour Guides HOP OFF with you at each stop and tell you about each monument and attracton. HOP aboard the The Lights Night Tour! The best time to take a tour of Washington DC is at night.
The Best Minibus Tour in Washington DC
Duration: 3 hours $ 46.92
See all the key atractions DC has to offer in a 3-hour format. You will learn all about the history and trivia (琐事) that surrounds Washington and visit the major
monuments and attractions DC has to offer.
Please Note: Rates for this tour vary by day of the week. When you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed.
Best Mount Vernon & Arlington Cemetery Tour from Washington DC
Duration: 6 hours $ 78.96
See Arlington Cemetery, Old Town Alexandria and George Washington’s Mount Vernon Estate on this small group bus tour from Washington DC. Your tour guide will accompany you through Mount Vernon, telling you about all of the atractions there and the history of George Washington’s home on the Potomac River.
1. Which date suits The Blossoms Tour most?
A. July 4. B. August 15.
C. March 27. D. October 8.
2. What is special about The Best Minibus Tour?
A. Its price is not fixed. B. The best time to take it is at night.
C. The tour guide accompanies you. D. You can get great photos of cherry.
3. Which tour would offer you a chance to learn about George Washington’s home?
A. The Blossoms Tour. B. The Lights Night Tour.
C. Tbe Best Minibus Tour. D. Best Mount Vermon & Arlington Cemetery Tour.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了华盛顿特区的巴士之旅的相关信息。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。由The Blossoms Tour In Washington DC中的“Each year from mid March to mid April, see the beautiful Cherry Blossoms in Washington DC and get great photos because you’ll be led to all the best spots by the best guides.”可知，每年3月中旬到4月中旬，你都可以在华盛顿看到美丽的樱花，并拍下漂亮的照片，因为最好的导游会带你去所有最好的景点。所以3月27日在3月中旬到4月中旬之间，最适合赏花之旅。故C选项正确。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。由The Best Minibus Tour in Washington DC中的“Rates for this tour vary by day of the week. When you choose your specific date on the availability calendar, the rates for that date will be displayed.”可知，本次旅行的费用因星期几而异。在可用性日历上选择特定日期时，将显示该日期的费率。所以华盛顿特区最佳小巴之旅的特别之处在于它的价格不是固定的。故A选项正确。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。由Best Mount Vernon & Arlington Cemetery Tour from Washington DC中的“Your tour guide will accompany you through Mount Vernon, telling you about all of the atractions there and the history of George Washington’s home on the Potomac River.”可知，你的导游将陪同你穿过弗农山，告诉你那里的所有的景点和乔治华盛顿在波托马克河上的家的历史。所以Best Mount Vermon & Arlington Cemetery Tour旅行会让你有机会了解乔治·华盛顿的家。故D选项正确。
B
It was hard to accept, but the sad day had finally arrived. I still remember the tears welling up in my six-year-old sister’s eyes as she looked around the empty closet in wonder. The space once filled with her clothes now held only loneliness and sorrow. This little child had come to the realization that her father was gone. He had left us, and there was simply no way to change it.
Being the oldest of four girls has never been easy, but with the departure of our father, our world and dreams were broken beyond repair. My mother, the most amazingly warm-hearted person in the world, has worked harder than anyone should simply to mend our broken household. However, long hours at work often prevented her from physically being there in our times of need. This is where I have stepped up as the temporary caretaker of my three small sisters.
Many students write college essays about their leadership positions in school and the community but I feel that my greatest accomplishment is the role I have played within my own family.
Senior year in high school is not simple for anyone, especially when it feels like the entire world is resting on your shoulders, but this is how I have felt for
the past two years, I have continually tried to fulfill the dream my mother holds for my future. My mother was not able to complete her college education, and so this success is her top significance for her children.
A leader is defined as one who has influence on others. I hope that my leadership affects the lives of my sisters and everyone around me. In dedicating myself to my family and school, I have set goals that I will do anything to accomplish. I am an extremely determined individual, and my university will help me take the next step in climbing the ladder of success.
4. What does the author intend to do in Paragraph 1?
A. Show a topic for discussion.
B. Provide some advice for readers.
C. Summarize the following paragraphs.
D. Introduce some background information.
5. What was the author’s dream in her senior year in high school?
A. To be admitted into a college.
B. To look after her sisters well.
C. To set an example to her sisters.
D. To lead her family out of trouble.
6. What is the author’s present life like?
A. Happy and quiet. B. Hard but hopeful.
C. Busy but successful. D. Inspiring and rich.
7. What role does the author play in her family?
A. A winner. B. A teacher.
C. A leader. D. A dreamer.
【答案】4. D 5. A 6. B 7. C
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了父亲的离世给家庭带来了孤独和悲伤，母亲努力工作来弥补破碎的家庭，没有太多时间照顾家庭。作为家里的长女而且正在上高三的作者承担起了照顾妹妹们的任务，作者没有辜负母亲的希望，考上了大学。在致力于家庭和学校的过程中，作者已经设定了目标来完成任何事情。作者是一个非常有决心的人，作者希望大学将帮助作者在
成功的阶梯上迈出下一步。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。由第一段“It was hard to accept, but the sad day had finally arrived. I still remember the tears welling up in my six-year-old sister’s eyes as she looked around the empty closet in wonder. The space once filled with her clothes now held only loneliness and sorrow. This little child had come to the realization that her father was gone. He had left us, and there was simply no way to change it.”可知，这让人难以接受，但悲伤的日子终于到来了。我还记得我六岁的妹妹惊讶地环顾空荡荡的壁橱时，眼里涌出了泪水。曾经装满她衣服的空间现在只剩下孤独和悲伤。这个小女孩意识到她的父亲已经走了。他离开了我们，根本没有办法改变。正因为父亲的离世，使家人的情感支离破碎，母亲努力工作来弥补破碎的家庭，没有太多时间照顾家庭，才促使作者在紧张的高三备考同时，又担任起了照顾妹妹们的任务。所以第一段是故事发生的背景资料。故判断出作者在第一段中打算介绍一些背景资料。故D选项正确。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。由第四段“I have continually tried to fulfill the dream my mother holds for my future. My mother was not able to complete her college education, and so this success is her top significance for her children.”可知，我一直在努力实现我妈妈对我未来的梦想。我的母亲没能完成她的大学教育，所以这次成功对她的孩子来说是最重要的。妈妈的梦想也是女儿的梦想，所以作者在高中最后一年的梦想是被大学录取。故A选项正确。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。由最后段“ In dedicating myself to my family and school, I have set goals that I will do anything to accomplish. I am an extremely determined individual, and my university will help me take the next step in climbing the ladder of success.”可知，在致力于我的家庭和学校的过程中，我已经设定了目标，我会做任何事情来完成。我是一个非常有决心的人，我的大学将帮助我在成功的阶梯上迈出下一步。所以判断出作者现在的生活是困难的但充满了希望。故B选项正确。
【7题详解】
细节理解题。由最后段“A leader is defined as one who has influence on others. I hope that my leadership affects the lives of my sisters and everyone around me”可知，领导者被定义为对他人有影响力的人。我希望我的领导能影响我的姐妹们和我周围的每一个
人的生活。所以作者在她的家庭中扮演领导者的角色。故C选项正确。
C
A new app aims to help parents interpret what their baby wants based on the sound of their cry. The free app ChatterBaby, which was released last month, analyzes the acoustic (声学的) features of a baby’s cry, to help parents understand whether their child might be hungry, fussy or in pain. While critics say caregivers should not rely too much on their smartphone, others say it’s a helpful tool for new or tired parents.
Ariana Anderson, a mother of four, developed the app. She originally designed the technology to help deaf parents better understand why their baby was upset, but soon realized it could be a helpful tool for all new parents.
To build a database, Anderson and her team uploaded 2,000 audio samples of infant(婴儿) cries. She used cries recorded during ear piercings and vaccinations to distinguish pain cries. And to create a baseline for the other two categories, a group of moms had to agree on whether the cry was either hungry or fussy.
Anderson’s team continues to collect data and hopes to make the app more accurate by asking parents to get specific about what certain sounds mean.
Pediatrician Eric Ball pointed out that evaluating cries can never be an exact science. “I think that all of the apps and technology that new parents are using now can be helpful but need to be taken seriously,” Ball said ,“ I do worry that some parents will get stuck in big data and turn their parenting into basically a spreadsheet(电子表格) which I think will take away the love and caring that parents are supposed to be providing for the children. ”
But Anderson said the aim of the app is to have parents interpret the results, not to provide a yes or no answer. The Bells, a couple using this app, say it’s a win-win. They believe they are not only helping their baby now but potentially others in the future.
8. How does the app judge what babies want?
A. By collecting data.
B. By recording all the sounds.
C. By analyzing the sound of their cries.
D. By asking parents about specific messages.
9. What was the app designed for in the beginning?
A. All new parents. B. Deaf parents.
C. Ariana Anderson. D. Crying babies.
10. What is Ball’s opinion about the app?
A. Parents should use the app wisely.
B. The app can create an accurate result.
C. Parents and babies are addicted to the app.
D. The app makes babies lose love and caring.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. Parents should not rely too much on their smartphones.
B. A new app helps parents figure out why their babies are crying.
C. Parents can deal with babies’ hunger with the help of a new app.
D. A new app called ChatterBaby can prevent babies from crying.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了一款手机APP能帮你解读宝宝为什么会哭。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。由第一段“A new app aims to help parents interpret what their baby wants based on the sound of their cry. The free app ChatterBaby, which was released last month, analyzes the acoustic (声学的) features of a baby’s cry, to help parents understand whether their child might be hungry, fussy or in pain”可知，一款新的应用程序旨在帮助父母根据婴儿的哭声来理解他们想要什么。上个月发布的免费应用程序ChatterBaby分析了婴儿啼哭的声音特征，以帮助父母了解他们的孩子是饿了、烦躁了还是痛苦了。所以应用程序通过分析他们的哭声来判断婴儿想要什么。故C选项正确。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。由第二段“ She originally designed the technology to help deaf parents better understand why their baby was upset,”可知，她最初设计这项技术是为了帮助失聪父母更好地理解他们的孩子为什么心烦意乱。所以这款应用最初是为失聪的父母而设计的。
故B选项正确。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。由第五段“I think that all of the apps and technology that new parents are using now can be helpful but need to be taken seriously,”可知，我认为新父母现在使用的所有应用程序和技术都是有帮助的，但需要认真对待。所以通过Ball所说的话，可以判断出，Ball对这个应用程序的看法是家长们应该明智地使用这款应用程序。故A选项正确。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，短文介绍了ChatterBaby应用程序的工作原理，研发的过程以及不同人对这款应用程序所持有的不同观点。所有的这些都是在围绕着一款手机APP能帮你解读宝宝为什么哭而展开的。故判断出短文主要在讨论一款新的应用程序可以帮助父母弄清楚他们的孩子为什么哭。故B选项正确。
【点睛】根据文章中人物所说的话的内容是解决推理判断题的重要方法，因为通过所说的内容，我们可以判断出，作者所要想表达的观点是积极的还是消极的，是中立的还是支持或者否定某一方，对事情是关心的还是冷漠的。是在提出建议还是在提出具体的解决措施.
由第五段“I think that all of the apps and technology that new parents are using now can be helpful but need to be taken seriously,”可知，我认为新父母现在使用的所有应用程序和技术都是有帮助的，但需要认真对待。所以通过Ball所说的话，可以判断出，Ball对这个应用程序的看法是家长们应该明智地使用这款应用程序。故A选项为小题3的正确选项。
D
It’s a real case of fish out of water. Blennies (鲇鱼) in the South Pacific Ocean are gradually relocating to land to escape their predators (捕食者), in an example of evolution in action.
Fish first began crawling onto dry land about 400 million years ago, kicking off an evolutionary chain of events that led to humans. But their reasons for exiting the sea have been uncertain.
To look for clues, Terry Ord at the University of New South Wales in Australia has been studying several species of blennies at Rarotonga, the largest of the Cook Islands.
At low tide, blennies are commonly found swimming in rock pools around the edges of the island. But when high tide moves in, they climb up to dry land and move around
the rocks until the tide retreats.
The researchers found that this is most likely to avoid predators that swim in with the rising tide – mainly bigger fish like lionfish.
To test what would happen if blennies did not have an escape plan, they made blenny models and sank them in the sea. The mimics ended up with wounds, bite marks and chunks-missing.
Of course, there are still dangers for blennies on land, like the occasional bird attack, but the predation risk on land is a third that of underwater.
What’s more, moving onto land has additional benefits for blennies. Holes in the rocks provide sheltered nests for laying eggs, and they can maintain their diet of bacteria.
In fact, several species of blenny fish at Rarotonga have already made the full transition to land-dwelling (陆生的) species. They continue to breathe with their gills, but have developed stronger tail fins and jump from rock to rock.
Ord believes that many evolutionary processes have been driven by the need to escape predators. “It is often assumed that animals move homes to find new sources of food, but in many cases, escaping predators is a stronger motivation.” he says.
12. Why do blennies climb to dry land when high tide comes?
A. To acquire better health. B. To search for more food.
C. To seek safer living conditions. D. To adapt to a new environment.
13. What does the underlined part “The mimics” in Paragraph 6 refer to?
A. The rocks in the water. B. The predators of blennies.
C. The researchers of blennies. D. The models of blennies.
14. What can be concluded from the last paragraph?
A. Ord’s research opens a new view.
B. Ord wonders why animals move homes.
C. Ord shows us the benefits of blennies’ evolution.
D. Ord has discovered how fish have become land dwellers.
15. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A. Blennies’ Living Habits
B. Why Blennies Choose to Live on Land
C. Blennies’ Evolutionary Process
D. How Blennies Escape from their Predators
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文主要介绍了鲇鱼离开海洋，迁移到陆地的原因。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。由第五段“The researchers found that this is most likely to avoid predators that swim in with the rising tide – mainly bigger fish like lionfish.”可知，研究人员发现，这很可能是为了躲避那些随着潮水而来的捕食者——主要是像狮子鱼这样的大鱼。所以为什么鲇鱼在涨潮时爬到陆地上的原因是因为他们寻求更安全的生活条件。故C选项正确。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。由第六段“To test what would happen if blennies did not have an escape plan, they made blenny models and sank them in the sea. The mimics ended up with wounds, bite marks and chunks-missing.”可知，为了测试如果鲇鱼模型没有逃生计划会发生什么，他们制作了鲇鱼模型，并把它们沉到海里。这些鲇鱼模型最后留下了伤口、咬痕和大块肉不见了。所以判断出第6段划线部分“The mimics”指的是鲇鱼的模型。故D选项正确。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。由最后段“It is often assumed that animals move homes to find new sources of food, but in many cases, escaping predators is a stronger motivation.”可知，人们通常认为动物搬家是为了寻找新的食物来源，但在很多情况下，逃离捕食者是更大的动机。所以奥德的观点与人们认为动物搬家是为了寻找新的食物来源不同，他认为逃离捕食者是它们搬家的更大的动机。这样的理论为人们认识动物搬家研究开辟了一个新的视角。所以从最后一段可以得出结论是奥德的研究开辟了一个新的视野。故A选项正确。
【15题详解】
标题归纳题。由第一段“It’s a real case of fish out of water. Blennies (鲇鱼) in the South Pacific Ocean are gradually relocating to land to escape their predators (捕食者), in an example of evolution in
action.”可知，南太平洋的鲇鱼正逐渐迁移到陆地上，以躲避捕食者，这是进化的一个例子。以及下文主澳大利亚新南威尔士大学的特里·奥德的对这种现象的研究过程，研究的结论。都是围绕着为什么“为什么鲇鱼选择住在陆地上”而展开的。故短文最佳的标题为“为什么鲇鱼选择住在陆地上”。故B选项正确。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Five steps to make a difference to the oceans
The oceans are being seriously polluted now. Plastics are harming the marine (海产的) life. Carbon pollution is warming the oceans and increasing their acidity(酸度). Waters are being overfished. ____16____ Here are some steps we can take to help make a difference.
1. Bring our own bags. ___17___ Try carrying a reusable bag at all times, including while traveling, and bringing our own things to work to avoid relying on plastic items.
2. Talk about it now. We should carry that conversation into public places. Talk to our friends and family about why the ocean is important and why we take steps to help it, and challenge them to do the same.
3. ____18____ A good way to make a difference is to organize a garbage cleanup now. Whether it’s an inland cleanup or one near the coast, plan one in our community.
4. Throw away our cars. ____19____ When we hang out, we should reduce our carbon footprint, which may help slow global warming and ocean acidification as well as conserve energy
5. Recycle, obviously. Experts say recycling is an obvious action to take. Check on what can be recycled in our community, and make sure you’re separating out your plastic.
In summary, think about it more and act on it more. The more someone thinks about plastics and plastics pollution, the environment and the consequences of our actions, the more likely they are to act on it. ___20___
A. Plan a cleanup.
B. Choose public transportation over driving our cars.
C. Driving cars is not a good way to protect the oceans.
D. However, experts say there’s still hope to make a difference.
E. However, marine life plays a very important role in the oceans.
F. If everyone can contribute to the oceans, the oceans will be well preserved.
G. Whenever we put something, we should bring our own bag, but not a plastic one.
【答案】16. D 17. G 18. A 19. B 20. F
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇说明文。短文就人类如何改变海洋的生态环境，提出了五点有效的措施。
【16题详解】
由“The oceans are being seriously polluted now. Plastics are harming the marine (海产的) life. Carbon pollution is warming the oceans and increasing their acidity(酸度). Waters are being overfished. ____1____ Here are some steps we can take to help make a difference.”可知，现在海洋受到严重污染。塑料正在伤害海洋生物的生命。碳污染使海洋变暖，增加了它们的酸度。水域被过度捕捞。以下是我们可以采取的一些步骤来帮助做出改变。所以小题1要起到与前面的句子转折的作用，才能够引起下文“以下是我们可以采取的一些步骤来帮助做出改变”。故D选项“然而，专家表示，仍有希望做出改变”符合句意，故D选项正确。
【17题详解】
由小标题“ Bring our own bags. ”可知，带上自己的袋子。所以小题2要说明当我们放东西的时候，我们应该自己带包，而不是塑料制成的袋子，在结合空处后面的句子一同来说明。避免塑料袋子能够有效帮助改变海洋环境。故G选项“当我们放东西的时候，我们应该自己带包，而不是塑料袋”符合句意。故G选项正确。
【18题详解】
由“A good way to make a difference is to organize a garbage cleanup now. Whether it’s an inland cleanup or one near the coast, plan one in our community.”可知，改变现状的一个好方法是现在就组织一次垃圾清理。无论是内陆清理还是海岸附近的清理，在我们的社区里计划一次垃圾清理活动。所以本段主要是围绕着“计划清理垃圾”而展开的也就是本段小标题小题3的内容。故A选项“计划清理垃圾”符合句意。故A选项正确。
【19题详解】
由小标题“ Throw away our cars.”可知，不开车。所以小题4要表明用什么样的方式来取代开车，从此达到节能减排的目的。故B选项“选择公共交通而不是开车”符合句意。故B选项正确。
【20题详解】
由“The more someone thinks about plastics and plastics pollution, the environment and the consequences of our actions, the more likely they are to act on it.”可知，人们越想塑料和塑料污染，环境和我们行为的后果，他们就越可能采取行动。所以小题5与前一句都是对短文总结的内容。故F选项“如果每个人都能为海洋做出贡献，那么海洋将会得到很好的保护”。故F选项正确。
【点睛】找出句子之间的连接性的词语是解决7选5题的重要解题方法。 文章的语句间的组合，除了从语句间的意义关系分析外，还可借助句子之间的连接性词语来把握，因为连接性词语能表明这个语段句与句之间、层与层之间的基本关系有承接关系（如 so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result 等）平列关系（如first, second, third…; firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude 等）。转折关系（如 however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely, otherwise 等）。层递关系（如 also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, what’s more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also 等）。
由“The oceans are being seriously polluted now. Plastics are harming the marine (海产的) life. Carbon pollution is warming the oceans and increasing their acidity(酸度). Waters are being overfished. ____1____ Here are some steps we can take to help make a difference.”可知，现在海洋受到严重污染。塑料正在损害海洋产品的生命。碳污染使海洋变暖，增加了它们的酸度。水域被过度捕捞。以下是我们可以采取的一些步骤来帮助做出改变。所以小题1要起到与前面的句子转折的作用，才能够引起下文“以下是我们可以采取的一些步骤来帮助做出改变”。在对比各个选项，只有D选项中有表示转折关系的词however。故D选项“然而，专家表示，仍有希望做出改变”符合句意，故小题1的正确选项为D选项。
第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In kindergarten, I met my first love – dancing. For the last eleven years, I
have spent many hours at the dance studio. The ___21___ I began as a little girl has shaped my personality, forming _____22_____ that I will have for the rest of my life.
Once while our dance team ___23___ for the state competition, six senior members quit without notice, leaving our team without a ___24___. My team’s enthusiasm for the season was cut in half. ___25___, I was determined to become the new captain and lead my team past this obstacle.
During the first practice after the seniors quit, my team’s emotion was ___26___. As a leader, I tried to motivate my team through ___27___. I started to do ___28___ work outside practice to improve my kicking technique. My team respected me as a coach because I showed ___29___. On weekends, I spent hours trying to make up a creative competition routine. I wanted my team members to ___30___ the dance and perform well.
Before the state meet, I drilled the ___31___ into the girls’ heads and constantly encouraged them to work harder. I would shout out names of people who were ___32___ well during the dance, and the girls would ___33___ with even more energy. Through my dance experience, I also found I got better by ___34___ myself. I mixed new skills into the routine for the state competition to ___35___ my team’s technique. We wanted to prove to ourselves and our school that we could still be a(n) ___36___ dance team without the girls who ___37___.
On the stage, I felt my team’s ___38___. I was proud that we were able to rebuild our confidence and go beyond our expectations at the state competition. We were ___39___ for all our hard work by placing in the top five. This experience taught me a lesson: with a passion for something, I could ___40___ any obstacle with creativity and determination.
21. A. education B. activity C. travel D. research
22. A. qualities B. competitions C. connections D. opinions
23. A. looked B. left C. practiced D. hoped
24. A. target B. captain C. project D. guide
25. A. Otherwise B. Besides C. Instead D. However
26. A. growing B. normal C. low D. appealing
27. A. example B. award C. promise D. experience
28. A. new B. extra C. little D. personal
29. A. production B. expectation C. promotion D. devotion
30. A. love B. check C. believe D. ignore
31. A. result B. failure C. routine D. function
32. A. planning B. judging C. predicting D. performing
33. A. deal B. respond C. defend D. compare
34. A. reminding B. teaching C. protecting D. challenging
35. A. admire B. share C. improve D. prove
36. A. familiar B. similar C. ordinary D. brilliant
37. A. quit B. joined C. appreciated D. approached
38. A. patience B. kindness C. energy D. pride
39. A. rewarded B. thanked C. prepared D. moved
40. A. think of B. get over C. care about D. keep off
【答案】21. B 22. A 23. C 24. B 25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B 29. D 30. A 31. C 32. D 33. B 34. D 35. C 36. D 37. A 38. C 39. A 40. B
【解析】
这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者所在的舞蹈队在为国家比赛排练时，六名资深队员未经通知就退出舞蹈队了且舞蹈队没有了队长，使整个舞蹈队情绪低迷，这个时候作者决定成为团队的队长，经过一番努力，队员渐渐认可作者，在国家比赛中进入了前五名。作者向自己和学校证明了，即使是没有退出的女孩，他们仍然可以成为一支优秀的舞蹈队。作者也明白了一个道理，只要对某事有激情和热情，就会克服任何困难。
【21题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. education教育；B. activity活动；C. travel旅行；D.
research研究。句意：当我还是个小女孩的时候，我就开始了这项活动，它塑造了我的性格，培养了我的品质，这些品质将伴随我的余生。舞蹈是作者小时候从事的一项活动。故B选项切题。
【22题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. qualities品质；B. competitions竞赛；C. connections联系；D. opinions观点。句意：当我还是个小女孩的时候，我就开始了这项活动，它塑造了我的性格，培养了我的品质，这些品质将伴随我的余生。由“shaped my personality”可知，这里指舞蹈对作者所产生的积极影响，forming qualities作伴随状语，符合句意。故A选项切题。
【23题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. looked看；B. left离开；C. practiced实践；D. hoped希望。句意：有一次，我们的舞蹈队在为国家比赛排练时，有六名资深队员未经通知就主动退出舞蹈队了，留下了一个群龙无首的团队。由下文“During the first practice”可知，本空选 practice，表示我们的舞蹈队在为国家比赛排练。故C选项切题。
【24题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. target靶子；B. captain船长；C. project 工程；D. guide导游。句意：有一次，我们的舞蹈队在为国家比赛排练时，有六名资深队员未经通知就主动退出舞蹈队，留下了一个群龙无首的团队。由下文“I was determined to become the new captain and lead my team past this obstacle.”可知，我决心成为新的队长，带领我的团队走出困境。团队没有了队长，所以作者要心成为新的队长，带领团队走出困境。故B选项切题。
【25题详解】
考查副词辨析。A. Otherwise否则；B. Besides此外；C. Instead代替；D. However然而。句意：然而，我决心成为新的队长，带领我的团队走出困境。分析上下文的句子可知，前后语意表示转折，所以选However。故D选项切题。
【26题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. growing生长的；B. normal正常的；C. low低的；D. appealing有吸引力的。句意：资深队员退出后的第一次训练中，我的团队情绪低落。由下文“I tried to motivate my team example”可知，我试图通过榜样的力量来激励我的团队，所以判断出团队情绪低落。故C选项切题。
【27题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. example例子；B. award奖品；C. promise承诺；D.
experience经历。句意：作为一个领导者，我试图通过榜样的力量来激励我的团队。由下文可知，作者以身作则，所以作者试图通过榜样的力量来激励团队。故A选项切题。
【28题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. new新的；B. extra额外的；C. little小的；D. personal个人的。句意：我开始做一些额外的练习来提高我的踢腿技术。由“improve my kicking technique”可知，为了提高作者的踢腿技术。所以要做额外的练习，才可能提高。故B选项切题。
【29题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. production产量；B. expectation期望；C. promotion提升；D. devotion.现身 句意：作为教练，我的团队尊重我，因为我表现出了奉献精神。由下文“On weekends, I spent hours trying to make up a creative competition routine”可知，周末，我花了好几个小时创造一个有创意的固定舞步。所以作者牺牲了周末休息的时间，表现出了奉献精神。故D选项切题。
【30题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. love热爱；B. check核对；C. believe相信；D. ignore忽略。句意：我希望我的团队成员热爱这只舞蹈并表现出色。由“perform well”可知，and连接的是两个并列成分，所以love符合句意。故A选项切题。
【31题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. result结果；B. failure失败；C. routine一套固定舞步；D. function功能。句意：在国家比赛之前，我把这一套固定舞步反复灌输给女孩们，不断鼓励她们更加努力地学习。由前文“a creative competition routine.”可知，作者把这一套固定舞步反复灌输给女孩们。故C选项切题。
【32题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. planning计划；B. judging判断； C. predicting预测；D. performing表演。句意：我会喊出那些在舞蹈中表现出色的人的名字，女孩们会更有活力地回应。作者喊出那些在舞蹈中表现出色的人的名字。所以perform符合句意。故D选项切题。
【33题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. deal处理；B. respond回应；C. defend保卫；D. compare对比。句意：我会喊出那些在舞蹈中表现出色的人的名字，女孩们会更有活力地回应。前文的shout out与respond相对应。故B选项切题。
【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. reminding提醒；B. teaching教；C. protecting保护；D.
challenging挑战。句意：通过我的舞蹈经验，我也发现我通过挑战自己变得更完美。由前文可知，作者自创了一套固定舞，这在作者的经历中时前所未有的，是作者挑战了自己，使自己成熟了，完美了。故D选项切题。
【35题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. admire羡慕；B. share分享；C. improve提高；D. prove证明。句意：我把新的技能融入到国家竞赛的舞步中，以提高团队的技术。作者要把这个团队带好，所以新的技能融入到国家竞赛的舞步中，就是要提高团队的技术。故C选项切题。
【36题详解】
考查形容词辨析。A. familiar熟悉的；B. similar相似的；C. ordinary普通的；D. brilliant极好的。句意：我们想向我们自己和我们的学校证明，如果没有退出的女孩，我们仍然可以成为一支优秀的舞蹈队。作者之所以要当这个队长，就是要挑战自己，向自己和学校证明，即使没有退出的女孩，也仍然可以成为一支优秀的舞蹈队。故D选项切题。
【37题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. quit退出；B. joined加入；C. appreciated感激；D. approached接近。句意：我们想向我们自己和我们的学校证明，即使没有退出的女孩，我们仍然可以成为一支优秀的舞蹈队。由前文“ six senior members quit without notice”可知，有六名资深队员未经通知就主动退出舞蹈队了。所以quit符合句意。故A选项切题。
【38题详解】
考查名词辨析。A. patience耐心；B. kindness善意；C. energy能量；D. pride自豪。句意：在舞台上，我感受到了我的团队的活力。由下文“I was proud that we were able to rebuild our confidence and go beyond our expectations at the state competition”，我很自豪我们能够重建我们的信心，在国家比赛中的表现超越了我们的预期。所以作者在舞台上感受了他们的自信和活力。故C选项切题。
【39题详解】
考查动词辨析。A. rewarded回报；B. thanked感谢；C. prepared准备；D. moved移动。句意：我们的努力得到了回报，进入了前五名。由“by placing in the top five”可知，作者的舞蹈队进入了前五名。付出终于有了回报。故A选项切题。
【40题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。A. think of想起；B. get over克服；C. care about关心；D. keep
off使不接触。句意：这次经历给我上了生动的一课：只要对某事有激情，我就能以创造性和决心克服任何困难。由上文可知，作者所带领舞蹈队获得了成功，所以作者觉得只要对某事有激情，就能以创造性和决心克服任何困难。故B选项切题。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jogging makes you burn fat and lose weight. In addition to increasing metabolism (新陈代谢), jogging is an ___41___ (effect) way to burn more calories, ___42___ helps you lose weight. If calories consumed in food are less than calories ___43___ (spend) during exercise and other daily activities, you will lose weight. It is impossible not to! Many people have learned how to lose weight by___44___ (start) a running program.
Jogging ___45___ (help) to reduce stubborn fat. A running program can really help to cut back ___46___ the last of your stubborn fat. Change can take a long time to come but ___47___ (eventual) it makes maintaining a healthy weight much easier.
If you suffer from poor appetite, jogging will improve your appetite. Along with all other ___48___ (form) of exercise – the harder you work, the more you will eat ___49___ (repair) your muscles and refuel them. When you start to run longer, you will start to eat to fuel your body, and may even find that you need to eat more food every day ___50___ you did when you were overweight.
【答案】41. effective 42. which 43. spent 44. starting 45. helps
46. on / upon
47. eventually 48. forms
49. to repair 50. than
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。短文介绍了慢跑的益处。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：除了增加新陈代谢，慢跑也是燃烧更多卡路里的有效方式，这有助于你减肥。effective为形容词修饰名词way。故填effective .
【42题详解】
考查关系代词。句意：除了增加新陈代谢，慢跑也是燃烧更多卡路里的有效方式，这有助于你减肥。分析句子可知，which代替前面的整个句子，在非限制性定语从句作主语，所以关系代词为which。故填which .
【43题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：如果在食物中消耗的卡路里少于在运动和其他日常活动中消耗的卡路里，你就会减肥。分析句子可知，calories 与spend在逻辑上被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填spent.
【44题详解】
考查动名词。句意：许多人已经学会了如何通过启动一个跑步计划来减肥。by doing“通过做某事”。by为介词后接动名词作宾语。故填starting.
【45题详解】
考查一般现在时。句意：慢跑有助于减少顽固的脂肪。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，Jogging 为主语，谓语动词为helps。故填helps .
【46题详解】
考查介词。句意：跑步计划真的可以帮助你减掉最后的顽固脂肪。cut back on/upon“削减”为固定短语。故填 on / upon .
【47题详解】
考查副词。句意：改变可能需要很长时间，但最终会让保持健康的体重变得容易得多。eventually为副词修饰整个句子。故填eventually.
【48题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：和所有其他形式的运动一样，你运动量越大，你就会吃更多的东西来修复你的肌肉，给它们补充能量。form为可数名词，且前有all修饰，所以填forms。故填 forms .
【49题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：与所有其他形式的运动一样，你运动量越大，你就会吃更多的东西来修复你的肌肉，给它们补充能量。分析句子可知，动词不定式作目的状语。故填to repair.
【50题详解】
考查从属连词。句意：当你开始跑得更长的时候，你就会开始吃东西来补充身体的能量，甚至可能会发现你每天需要比超重时吃更多的食物。分析句子可知，空处缺少从属连词，根据句意可知，从属连词为than。这里than引导比较状语从句。故填than.
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
51.假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Today, when I walked to home after school, I found the sunset was very beautifully. I stopped at the park and sit on a bench to appreciate the scenery. There was so many people at the park, most of whom were old couples, but they went for a walk. There was a special couple walk hand in hand, which caught my attention. The old woman couldn’t walk well because there was something wrong with her right legs. The old man took care of them carefully. They set good example to the young couples, showing that true love is. Against the sunset, they made up a beautiful scene.
【答案】
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者放学后在公园欣赏日落时，看到一对老夫妇手挽着手走着，由于老妇人的右腿有点毛病，所以走起路来很吃力。但是老人的丈夫细心地照顾着她。他们是日落时分最美丽的风景。
【详解】第一处：考查删除多余词。句意：今天，当我放学回家，我发现日落非常美丽。walk home“走路回家”，home为副词修饰动词walk。故去掉to.
第二处：考查形容词。句意：今天，当我放学回家，我发现日落非常美丽。分析句子可知，分析句子可知，本句为主系表结构。所以beautifully改为beautiful。故beautifully改为beautiful.
第三处：考查一般过去时。句意：我在公园停了下来，坐在长椅上欣赏风景。分析句子可知，本句为一般过去时，and并列连接stopped和sat。故sit改成sat.
第四处：考查主谓一致。句意：公园里有很多人，大多数是老夫妻，他们去散步。there be 句型为全部倒装句，主语为so many people ,所以谓语为were。故was改成were.
第五处：考查连词。句意：公园里有很多人，大多数是老夫妻，他们在散步。根据句意可知，前后句子表示并列关系，所以连接词为and。故but改成and.
第六处：考查现在分词。句意：有一对特别的夫妇手牵着手走，引起了我的注意。分析句子可知，couple与walk在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词。故walk改成walking.
第七处：考查名词复数。句意：这位老妇人走路很费劲，因为她的右腿有点毛病。右腿只有一条，所以应用leg。故legs改成leg.
第八处：考查代词。句意：老人细心地照顾她。老人照顾的是他的妻子，所以代词为her。故them改成her.
第九处：考查增加词。句意：他们为年轻夫妇树立了一个好榜样，展示出了真爱是什么。set a good example to sb “给某人树立良好的榜样”为固定短语。故set后加a.
第十处：考查连接词。句意：他们为年轻夫妇树立了一个好榜样，展示出了真爱是什么。分析句子可知，showing 后接宾语从句，宾语从句中应用what作is的表语。故that改成what.
【点睛】1.what
当what用作连接代词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句和宾语从句；它本身在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
1.what 表示“所……的（事）”的意思，相当于“the thing(s) that…；all that…；；everything that…；等。
2.What 表示“所……的(人)”意思，相当于“the person that…”等。
当that用作连接词，引导名词性从句时，可引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，that在从句中既不充当任何成分，也无实际意义，仅起着连接句子的作用。一般不可省略（宾语从句除外）。若从句置于句子后面，代词it作形式主语。
分析第十处句子可知，showing 后接宾语从句，宾语从句中应用what作is的表语。故that改成what.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
52.假定你是李华，你校将开展中学生科技创新（scientific innovation）活动。请给你的英国好友Peter发封电子邮件，告知相关内容并邀请他参加。内容包括：
1. 活动目的；
2. 活动时间、地点；
3. 活动内容。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Peter,
How is everything going? I’d like to invite you to participate in our school’s scientific innovation activity aimed at inspiring students’ interest in science and technology.
The activity involves a series of activities such as exhibitions of students’ innovation productions and on-spot shows of students designing and making new devices. It will take place at the school assembly hall from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Saturday. All the teachers, students as well as parents are welcome.
I sincerely hope that you can come and enjoy it. If you have any questions, please feel free to inform me. Looking forward to your reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】
这是一篇应用文，要求写一封信。
【详解】第一步：审题。审题的目的是获取重要信息。通过审题我们可以确定几个方面的信息。第一，1. 活动目的；2. 活动时间、地点；3. 活动内容。第二，人称为第一人称和第三人称。第三，时态为一般现在时。
第二步：布局段落，确定主要段落，次要段落，段落数量。这篇写作段落数量为三段。第一段，发出邀请。第二段，1. 活动目的；2. 活动时间、地点；3. 活动内容。第三段，期待回复。
第三步：确定关键词汇和短语: inform, parents, invite ,participate in, scientific innovation activity, inspire students’ interest in science and technology, involves, a series of ,exhibitions of students’ innovation productions and on-spot shows of students designing ,making new devices, take place, at the school ,from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. next Saturday, as well as.
第四步：确定较为高级的句子:as well as 引导的并列句All the teachers, students as well as parents are welcome. that引导的宾语从句I sincerely hope that you can come and enjoy it. If引导的条件状语从句If you have any questions, please feel free to inform me.
第五步：注意书写，保持卷面整洁，避免划线，乱擦。
【点睛】文章思路清晰，语言规范，段落整齐，语篇连贯，层次清晰。使用了较为高级的句式:如as well as 引导的并列句All the teachers, students as well as parents are welcome. that引导的宾语从句I sincerely hope that you can come and enjoy it. If引导的条件状语从句If you have any questions, please feel free to inform me.
高级句式的应用提升了写作的档次，整个短文显示出了作者高水平的英语表达能力。
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