丰台区2019年高三年级第二学期综合练习（一）
高三英语
本试卷满分共120分 考试时间100分钟
注意事项：
1. 答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。
2. 本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。
3. 请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。
4. 请保持答题卡卡面清洁，不要装订、不要折叠、不要破损。
笔试（共三部分 120分）
第一部分 知识运用（共两节 45分）
第一节 语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
The new sixth-grade teacher, Sava, is like most teachers in schools. This morning, she is calling the attendance list and asking the students in the back of the room to be quiet. Sava ___1___ (smile) at the students and looks happy. Sava doesn’t really look different from other teachers, ___2___ she is. Sava is a robot. She is remote controlled ___3___ a person through a camera inside the robot. Although Sava is not ready to be a real teacher, the children enjoy her visits.
【答案】1. smiles
2. but/yet 3. by
【解析】
本文是一篇科普说明文。Sava不是一个真正的老师，但孩子们非常喜欢她的到访。
【1题详解】
考查时态和主谓一致。句意：Sava对学生们微笑着，看上去很高兴。此处smile和looks之间是并列关系，句子用一般现在时态，故答案为smiles。
【2题详解】
考查并列连词。句意：Sava看起来和其他老师没什么不同，但她确实与众不同。前后是一种转折关系，故答案为but/yet。
【3题详解】
考查介词。句意：她由一个人通过机器人内部的摄像头遥控。介词by“被”是被动语态的标志，故答案为by。
B
Wilbur and Orille Wright are brothers famous for inventing the first aeroplane. Their interest in flight ___4___ (start) on the day when their father brought home a toy helicopter for them. It was made of paper and wood. The boys played with it until it broke, and then made their own ___5___ (replace) it. When they were older, they owned a bicycle shop where they started producing and selling their own bikes. This provided them with the money to pay for their experiments in flight. Eventually, they built their ___6___ (fly) machine.
【答案】4. started
5. to replace
6. flying
【解析】
本文是一篇人物传记。威尔伯和奥瑞尔·莱特兄弟因发明了第一架飞机而闻名。文章介绍了他们发明第一架飞机的经过。
【4题详解】
考查时态。句意：他们对飞行的兴趣始于父亲给他们带回一架玩具直升机的那一天。结合句意可知句子用一般过去时态，故答案为started。
【5题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：男孩们一直玩到它坏了，然后自己做了一个来代替它。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故答案为to replace。
【6题详解】
考查动名词作定语。句意：最终，他们制造了他们的飞行器。此处是动名词作定语，故答案为flying。
C
Because deaf people can’t hear, they have special ways of communicating. For example, they can learn to understand ___7___ someone is saying by looking at the mouth of the speaker. This ___8___ (call) lipreading. Also, speaking is very difficult for the deaf, because they can’t hear ___9___ (they) own voices. However, it is possible with special training. According to many deaf people all around the world, the most ____10____ (practice) and popular way of communicating is with sign language.
【答案】7. what
8. is called
9. their 10. practical
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。因为聋人听不见，他们有特殊的交流方式。他们最实用和流行的交流方式是手语。
【7题详解】
考查what引导的宾语从句。句意：他们可以通过看说话人的嘴来了解理解别人在说什么。此处是动词understand后面的定语从句，从句缺少引导词，从句谓语动词say缺少宾语，所填词其双重作用，故答案为what。
【8题详解】
考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：这叫做读唇术。此处句子主语This 和call之间是一种被动关系，这里在说一个事实，所以句子用一般现在时态的被动语态，故答案为is called。
【9题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：因为他们听不到自己的声音。此处是形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故答案为their。
【10题详解】
考查形容词。句意：根据世界各地许多聋人的说法，最实用和流行的交流方式是手语。此处way是名词，用形容词来修饰，故答案为practical。
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，共30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
“Come on, Cindy!” Darcy sounded so impatient, “We’ll be late for class.”
“Darcy, I can’t find my ____11____.” I dropped my book bag to dig through my coat pockets. “My money was in it.”
“Someone took it.” Darcy said. As usual, she was quick to point away from the ____12____ side of things. “Oh. I’m sure I just misplaced it.” I hoped. Even though we were best friends, Darcy and I were just so ____13____.
We rushed into class. Darcy ____14____ the news about the theft. By last period in gym class, I was ____15____ of having to say over and over again, “I’m sure I just left it at home.”
After gym, we went into the locker room. I was changing ____16____ I heard a gasp from Darcy. I looked at her and found her face was white with ____17____. There, at her feet, was my wallet.
“It fell out of her locker!” Darcy pointed at Juanita, a “new girl” in our class. “She ____18____ it.”
Everyone began to ____19____ Juanita at once.
“Darcy caught her red-handed.”
“Report her!”
I looked over at Juanita. She picked up the wallet and held it out to me. Her hands were ____20____. “I found it in the parking lot. I was going to give it to you.”
Darcy spit the words “I’m so sure!” at her.
“Really, it’s true.” Juanita’s eyes began to fill with tears.
I ____21____ for my wallet. I didn’t know what to think, ____22____ when I looked over at Darcy, her attitude made me sick inside. I looked at Juanita. She was scared but looked ____23____. I knew I held her ____24____ in my hands.
“I am so glad you found it,” I smiled. “Thanks, Juanita.”
The ____25____ around us broke.
“Good thing she found it,” everyone but Darcy ____26____.
“If there is any money left in your wallet.”
“Not now. Darcy!”
“You are so naive!”
It wasn’t until others left there that I opened my wallet.
“It’s all here.” I couldn’t help but feel ____27____. A folded piece of paper fluttered from my wallet. I opened it to see what it was.
“She just didn’t have time to ____28____ it yet.”
“Darcy, maybe you spend too much time ____29____ people.”
Darcy grabbed the note, read it and threw it back at me. “Whatever!” she said and stomped off. I knew that something had ____30____ between us.
I read the note again.
Cindy,
I found your wallet in the parking lot. Hope nothing is missing.
Juanita
P.S. My phone number is 55-3218. Maybe you could call me sometime.
And I did.
11. A. coat B. book C. pen D. wallet
12. A. serious B. bright C. funny D. opposite
13. A. close B. strange C. different D. independent
14. A. spread B. heard C. watched D. made
15. A. afraid B. proud C. tired D. fond
16. A. since B. after C. before D. when
17. A. shame B. shock C. shyness D. sadness
18. A. got B. lost C. stole D. brought
19. A. accuse B. comfort C. warn D. help
20. A. rising B. waving C. clapping D. trembling
21. A. reached B. looked C. paid D. searched
22. A. so B. but C. for D. or
23. A. excited B. modest C. sincere D. pleased
24. A. reputation B. confidence C. wealth D. regret
25. A. trust B. peace C. balance D. tension
26. A. agreed B. promised C. hesitated D. admitted
27. A. relaxed B. relieved C. disappointed D. disturbed
28. A. return B. lend C. find D. empty
29. A. persuading B. numbering C. understanding D.
transforming
30. A. left B. united C. broken D. recovered
【答案】11. D 12. B 13. C 14. A 15. C 16. D 17. B 18. C 19. A 20. D 21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. A 27. B 28. D 29. B 30. C
【解析】
本文是一篇哲理故事。作者的钱包从新来的女孩Juanita储物柜里掉出来，作者的好朋友Darcy认为就是她偷的，而女孩说是在停车场发现的，正要还给失主。作者相信女孩说的话，而Darcy坚决不同意，她看了女孩留在钱包里的纸条后跺脚走了。作者感到她们之间某种东西已经破裂了。
【11题详解】
考查名词。A. coat 大衣；B. book书；C. pen钢笔；D. wallet钱包。根据下文的“My money was in it.”可知这里应该是找不到钱包，只有钱包是放钱的地方。故选D。
【12题详解】
考查形容词。A. serious 严重的；B. bright 耀眼的；C. funny有趣的； D. opposite相反的。根据下句的I’m sure I just misplaced it.可知，像往常一样，她很快就把矛头从事情好的一面移开了。故选B。
【13题详解】
考查形容词。A. close靠近的；B. strange奇怪的； C. different不相同的；D. independent独立自主的。虽然我们是最好的朋友，但Darcy和我是那么的不同。故选C。
【14题详解】
考查动词。A. spread传播；B. heard听见；C. watched观看；D. made制造。根据the news about the theft可知消息应该是传播。故选A。
【15题详解】
考查形容词。A. afraid害怕的；B. proud自豪的；C. tired累的；D. fond喜欢的。根据having to say over and over again,可知是“感到厌烦”。故选C。
【16题详解】
考查状语从句。A. since自从---以来；B. after在---之后；C. before在---之前；D. when当---时候。根据I was changing ____6____ I heard a gasp from Darcy.“我正在换衣服，突然听到达西倒抽了一口气。”固定句式：was/were doing sth.---when---，正在做某事，这时候---。故答案为
D。
【17题详解】
考查名词。A. shame羞愧；B. shock 震惊；C. shyness害羞；D. sadness伤心。根据her face was white可知我感到震惊。故选B。
【18题详解】
考查动词。A. got得到；B. lost丢失；C. stole 偷；D. brought拿来。根据“It fell out of her locker!” Darcy pointed at Juanita, a “new girl” in our class.““是从她的储物柜里掉出来的!”Darcy指着Juanita说，她是我们班的“新生”。”可知Darcy 认为Juanita偷了钱包。故选C。
【19题详解】
考查动词。A. accuse 谴责，控告；B. comfort使舒适；C. warn警告；D. help帮助。根据上文可知“Juanita偷了钱包”，所以每个人都谴责她。故选A。
【20题详解】
考查动词。A. rising上升；B. waving挥动；C. clapping鼓掌；D. trembling颤抖。每个人都在谴责Juanita，所以她的手由于害怕而“颤抖”符合语境。故选D。
【21题详解】
考查动词。A. reached到达；B. looked看；C. paid付款；D. searched寻找。根据I ____11____ for my wallet.“我伸手去拿钱包。” 固定词组：reach for“伸手去拿”；look for“寻找”；pay for“付款”；search for“搜寻”。可知reach for符合语境，故选A。
【22题详解】
考查并列连词。前文提到“女孩说钱包是在停车场发现的，正要还给作者，而Darcy坚决不信”。根据I didn’t know what to think, ____12____ when I looked over at Darcy, her attitude made me sick inside.“我不知道该怎么想才好，可是当我回头望着Darcy的时候，她那副神气真叫我恶心。”故选B。
【23题详解】
考查形容词。A. excited感到兴奋的；B. modest谦虚的；C. sincere真诚的；D. pleased感到高兴的。Juanita害怕但是看起来很真诚。故选C。
【24题详解】
考查名词。A. reputation 名声；B. confidence 自信；C. wealth财富；D. regret后悔。Darcy坚决认为女孩偷了钱包，不相信她说的话，而作者不这样认为，她相信女孩说的话，所以女孩的“名声”就掌握在作者的手里。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查名词。A. trust相信；B. peace和平；C. balance平衡‘’D. tension紧张。根据“I am so glad you found it,” I smiled. “Thanks, Juanita.”可知，刚才的紧张气氛没有了。故选D。
【26题详解】
考查动词。A. agreed同意；B. promised 许诺；C. hesitated 犹豫不决；D. admitted承认。根据“Good thing she found it,” everyone but Darcy ____16____.可知，“幸亏她找到了，”除了Darcy，大家都同意。故选A。
【27题详解】
考查形容词。A. relaxed感到放松的；B. relieved缓解的；C. disappointed感到失望的；D. disturbed扰乱的。人散了之后，作者打开钱包，一切都在，所以作者感到如释重负。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查动词。A. return归还，返回；B. lend借出；C. find找到；D. empty倒空。Darcy认为“那女孩还没有倒空钱包”。故选D。
【29题详解】
考查动词。A. persuading劝说；B. numbering给---编号；C. understanding明白；D. transforming转化，转变。“Darcy，也许你在给人编号上花的时间太多了。”作者的意思是“胡乱瞎猜”，故选B。
【30题详解】
考查动词。A. left 离开；B. united 团结；C. broken弄坏；D. recovered恢复。Darcy一把抓过那个女孩留在钱包里的那张纸条，看了看，又把它扔回给作者。“不管!“她说着，跺着脚走开了。作者知道她们之间有什么东西破裂了。故选C。
第二部分阅读理解（共两节 40分）
第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，共30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Slowly, so slowly that we never even noticed how it happened, our family stopped talking to each other. Our own worlds opened up to us through the computer or the cell phone or the CD player.
Family Night was born when Mom called us for dinner. Jessica and I came and sat down. Dad loaded his plate and started to rise from the table.
“Where are you going?” Mom questioned.
“To the living room. I have some work,” Dad replied as he hurried away. Mom’s face got tight, but she said nothing. About two minutes later, my cell phone buzzed. Jessica kept her earphones on during most of the meal. Mom was clearly upset.
Family Night started the next week. Mom established three rules: no phones, no music, and no leaving the table. Everyone would eat together and play a game together “like a real family.”
All seemed to be going according to Mom’s plan until the first buzz of a cell phone. After dinner, we had been playing the board game for only ten minutes when another cell phone let out a shrill scream. This time the phone belonged to my father.
“Work’s calling. I have to answer,” he whispered as he hurried out of the room.
Mom sighed, but she forced a smile and encouraged us to continue with the game. We kept playing through every interruption afterwards: the beeping of Jessica’s phone, the buzz of another text message from Darnell, the soothing voice announcing the arrival of an e-mail on Dad’s computer. When the game was over, Mom released us to our rooms.
That first Family Night was not a success, but Mom soldiered on. Every Monday evening we silenced our electronics and gathered around the table; and each time, setting aside our technological toys became a little easier. The next two months my father would be taking business trips. We wouldn’t be able to have Family Night every Monday.
To my surprise I realized that I would miss those few hours each week when the house was filled with my family’s laughter and conversation. I was also glad to know that when we really wanted to, we could silence the electronic buzz and just be a family again.
31. What led to the start of Family Night?
A. Electronics harmed the family’s life.
B. Heavy housework made Mom angry.
C. Dad didn’t get along well with others.
D. The children were too lazy to help Mom.
32. Family Night made the family ________ than before.
A. closer B. healthier
C. more relaxed D. more confident
33. What words can best describe the first Family Night?
A. Tiring but satisfying. B. Challenging but exciting.
C. Busy but interesting. D. Unsuccessful but meaningful.
34. It can be inferred that ________.
A. Dad seldom took business trips
B. the author enjoyed Family Night
C. Family Night would not continue
D. the children threw away the cellphones
【答案】31. A 32. A 33. D 34. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章解释了一种社会现象。电子产品损害了作者家庭的生活，因而导致了Family Night的开始。Family Night使家庭比以前更亲密。告诫我们：珍惜亲情，远离电子产品。
【31题详解】
细节理解题。根据第五段中Family Night started the next week. Mom established three rules: no phones, no music, and no leaving the table.可知，“电子产品损害了这个家庭的生活”导致了Family Night的开始。故选A。
【32题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中Everyone would eat together and play a game together “like a real family.”可知，Family Night使家庭比以前更亲密。故选A。
【33题详解】
推理判断题。根据第五段中最后一句Everyone would eat together and play a game together “like a real family.”和第六段第一句All seemed to be going according to Mom’s plan until the first buzz of a cell phone.可知，“不成功而有意义”最能描述第一个Family Night。故选D。
【34题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段To my surprise I realized that I would miss those few hours each week when the house was filled with my family’s laughter and conversation. I was also glad to know that when we really wanted to, we could silence the electronic buzz and just be a family again.可知，可以推断，作者很享受Family Night。故选B。
【点睛】
做推理判断题时对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。本题第3小题，根据第五段中最后一句Everyone would eat together and play a game together “like a real family.”和第六段第一句All seemed to be going according to Mom’s plan until the first buzz of a cell phone.可知，“不成功而有意义”最能描述第一个Family Night。故选D。
B
A blog posted Dec 7, 2018 at 12:17 PM by Alanna Mallon
Alanna Mallon is a Cambridge City Councilor.
Each year in November, I receive a flurry of emails and texts from friends who want to volunteer with their families on Thanksgiving as a way to give back. I also field phone calls from organizations who want to donate to local programs that provide Thanksgiving meals.
However, as an official who still works in the nonprofit sector, I also feel deeply anxious because I know the other 51 weeks of the year, these critical programs that provide food access to residents in need are starving for both volunteers and donations. Hunger is a year round problem, and each week volunteers are the necessary part to ensure that programs are able to serve the community.
At Food For Free, we rely on about 100 volunteers per week, and each of those volunteers is extremely important to providing fresh, healthy food to people in the Greater Boston area who need it. School children who take backpacks of food home on Fridays, community college students who rely on our Family Meals program to thrive in class, elderly and disabled residents who receive twice monthly deliveries of food to their doors through our Home Delivery program, — they all rely on us ensuring enough volunteers show up to do the work.
These volunteers don’t show up in your social media feeds, they don’t win awards and no one writes about them in the local newspapers. But they are heroes. And you can be too.
If everyone made a promise to volunteer once a month, or even once a quarter, I know that we could reduce some of the anxiety these organizations feel, as a more reliable volunteer network allows them to focus on helping people, not filling volunteer slots.
Here is a list of a few organizations who are doing critical work in Cambridge to address food insecurity. Offer your time to an organization, they will be deeply grateful—and I am going to bet that you will feel pretty good about yourself too.
Food For Free: http://foodforfree.org/volunteer.
CEOC: http://ceoccambridge.org/food-pantry.
Harvard Square Homeless Shelter: https://hshshelter.org/volunteer.
Community Cooks: https://communitycooks.org/join-us.
Margaret Fuller Neighborhood House: http://margaretfullerhouse.org
35. What can be learnt from the first two paragraphs？
A. The food safety worries the author.
B. Volunteers are needed all year round.
C. Donations can be made through the Internet.
D. People like getting together on Thanksgiving.
36. Paragraph 3 is mainly about ________.
A. the need for fresh food B. the duty of Food For Free
C. the value of voluntary work D. the difficult life of local people
37. The passage is to ________.
A. call for action B. express thanks
C. advertise programs D. introduce websites
【答案】35. B 36. C 37. A
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇记叙文。社会全年都需要志愿者，这些志愿者不会出现在你的社交媒体上，他们不会获奖，也没有人在当地报纸上报道他们。但他们是英雄。文章呼吁我们行动起来。
【35题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第一句Each year in November, I receive a flurry of emails and texts from friends who want to volunteer with their families on Thanksgiving as a way to give back.“每年11月，我都会收到一大堆朋友发来的电子邮件和短信，他们想在感恩节和家人一起做志愿者，作为回报。”和第二段最后一句each week volunteers are the necessary part to ensure that programs are able to serve the community.“每周志愿者都是确保项目能够为社区服务的必要部分。”可知，全年都需要志愿者。故选B。
【36题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段中These volunteers don’t show up in your social media feeds, they don’t
win awards and no one writes about them in the local newspapers. But they are heroes.“这些志愿者不会出现在你的社交媒体上，他们不会获奖，也没有人在当地报纸上报道他们。但他们是英雄。”故选C。
【37题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段Here is a list of a few organizations who are doing critical work in Cambridge to address food insecurity. Offer your time to an organization, they will be deeply grateful—and I am going to bet that you will feel pretty good about yourself too.“以下是一些在剑桥大学为解决粮食不安全问题而进行重要工作的组织。把你的时间奉献给一个组织，他们会非常感激你——我敢打赌你也会自我感觉很好。”可知，本文呼吁我们行动起来。故选A。
【点睛】抓住文章主线和关键词语，归纳文章中心
要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是：先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。本题第3小题，根据最后一段Here is a list of a few organizations who are doing critical work in Cambridge to address food insecurity. Offer your time to an organization, they will be deeply grateful—and I am going to bet that you will feel pretty good about yourself too.“以下是一些在剑桥大学为解决粮食不安全问题而进行重要工作的组织。把你的时间奉献给一个组织，他们会非常感激你——我敢打赌你也会自我感觉很好。”可知，本文呼吁我们行动起来。故选A。
C
Many of us listen to music while we work, thinking that it will help us to concentrate on the task at hand. And in fact, recent research has found that music can have beneficial effects on creativity. When it comes to other areas of performance, however, the impact of background music is more complicated.
The idea that listening to music when working is beneficial to output probably has its roots in the so-called “Mozart effect”. Put simply, this is the finding that spatial rotation performance(空间旋转能力) is increased immediately after listening to the music of Mozart, compared to no sound at all.
How sound affects performance has been the topic of research for over 40 years, and is observed through a phenomenon called the irrelevant sound effect. To study irrelevant sound effect, participants in the research are asked to complete a simple task which requires them to recall a series of numbers or letters in the exact order in which they saw them. The tricky thing is being able to do this while
ignoring any background noise.
Two key characteristics of the irrelevant sound effect are required for its observation. First, the task must require the person to use their rehearsal abilities(复述能力), and second, the sound must contain acoustical variation(声学变化). Where the sound does not vary much acoustically, the performance of the task is much closer to that observed in quiet conditions.
The irrelevant sound effect itself comes from attempting to process two sources of ordered information at the same time—one from the task and one from the sound. Unfortunately, only the former is required to successfully perform the recall task, and the effort in ensuring that irrelevant order information from the sound is not processed actually hinders(阻碍) this ability.
A similar conflict is also seen when reading while in the presence of lyrical music. In this situation, the two sources of words—from the task and the sound—are in conflict. The cost is poorer performance of the task in the presence of music with lyrics.
What this all means is that whether having music playing in the background helps or hinders performance depends on the task and on the type of music, and only understanding this relationship will help people maximize their productivity levels.
38. “Mozart effect” is mentioned to ________.
A. explain how music can relax people
B. show music can improve performance
C. advise people to listen to Mozart music
D. stress Mozart music gains wide attention
39. It can be inferred that participants in the research ________.
A. have improved their rehearsal ability
B. perform better in the quiet conditions
C. ignore the background noise successfully
D. prefer the music with great sound variation
40. Paragraph 6 is written to ________.
A. support an idea B. make a contrast
C. introduce a topic D. describe a fact
41. What is the best title for the passage?
A. Music shapes your life
B. Music develops your creativity
C. Choose quiet music for your work
D. Does music make you concentrate?
【答案】38. B 39. B 40. A 41. D
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述的是“音乐在工作中的效应”。我们中的许多人在工作时听音乐，认为它会帮助我们集中精力完成手头的任务。事实上，最近的研究发现，音乐可以对创造力产生有益的影响。然而，当涉及到其他表演领域时，背景音乐的影响就更加复杂了。
【38题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句When it comes to other areas of performance, however, the impact of background music is more complicated.“然而，当涉及到其他表演领域时，背景音乐的影响就更加复杂了。”和第二段第一句The idea that listening to music when working is beneficial to output probably has its roots in the so-called “Mozart effect”.“工作时听音乐有利于产量的观点，可能根源于所谓的“莫扎特效应”。”可知，“莫扎特效应”是指音乐可以提高演奏水平。故选B。
【39题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句Where the sound does not vary much acoustically, the performance of the task is much closer to that observed in quiet conditions.“在声音变化不大的情况下，任务的性能更接近于在安静条件下观察到的性能”。 可以推断，研究参与者在安静的环境中表现得更好。故选B。
【40题详解】
推理判断题。根据第六段中A similar conflict is also seen when reading while in the presence of lyrical music. In this situation, the two sources of words—from the task and the sound—are in conflict.可知，第6段是为了支持一个观点而写的。故选A。
【41题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段What this all means is that whether having music playing in the background helps or hinders performance depends on the task and on the type of music, and only understanding this relationship will help people maximize their productivity levels.“这一切都意味着，在后台播放音乐是有助于还是阻碍表现取决于任务和音乐类型，只有理解这种关系才能帮助人们最大化他们的生产力水平。”可知，本文主题是D项“音乐能让你集中注意力吗?”
【点睛】推理判断题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，做出一定的推理判断，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理判断题所涉及的内容可能是文中的某一句话，也可能是某几句话，所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写或综合。推理判断题的题干中通常含infer, suggest, imply, conclude ，indicate等标志性词语。 这种题型主要包括细节判断题、态度观点推断题、写作意图推断题、文章出处判断题和猜测想象推断题。本题第2小题，根据第四段最后一句Where the sound does not vary much acoustically, the performance of the task is much closer to that observed in quiet conditions.“在声音变化不大的情况下，任务的性能更接近于在安静条件下观察到的性能”。 可以推断，研究参与者在安静的环境中表现得更好。故选B。
D
According to official government figures, there are more than twice as many kangaroos as people in Australia, and many Australians consider them pests(有害动物). Landholding farmers say that the country’s estimated 50 million kangaroos damage their crops and compete with livestock for scarce resources. Australia’s insurance industry says that kangaroos are involved in more than 80 percent of the 20,000-plus vehicle-animal collisions reported each year. In the country’s underpopulated region, the common belief is that kangaroo numbers have swollen to “plague proportions.”
In the absence of traditional hunters, the thinking goes, killing kangaroos is critical to balancing the ecology and boosting the rural economy. A government-sanctioned(政府认可的) industry, based on the commercial harvest of kangaroo meat and hides, exported $29 million in products in 2017 and supports about 4,000 jobs. Today meat, hides, and leather from kangaroos have been exported to 56 countries. Global brands such as Nike, Puma, and Adidas buy strong, supple “k-leather” to make athletic gear. And kangaroo meat is finding its way into more and more grocery stores.
Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat comes from an animal more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-emitting sheep and cattle. John Kelly, former executive director of the Kangaroo Industry Association of Australia, says, “Harvesting our food and fibers from animals adapted to Australia’s fragile rangelands is extremely wise and sustainable. Many ecologists will tell you that there is no more humane way of producing red meat.”
Opponents(反对者) of the industry call the killing inhumane, unsustainable, and unnecessary. Population estimates are highly debatable, they say, but “plague proportions” are biologically implausible. Little kangaroos grow slowly, and many die, so kangaroo populations can expand by only
10 to 15 percent a year, and then only under the best of circumstances. Dwayne Bannon-Harrison, a member of the Yuin people of New South Wales, says the idea that kangaroos are destroying the country is laughable. “They’ve been walking this land a lot longer than people have,” he says. “How could something that’s been here for thousands of years be ‘destroying’ the country? I don’t understand the logic in that.”
Can Australians’ conflicting attitudes toward kangaroos be reconciled(和解)? George Wilson says that if kangaroos were privately owned, then graziers(放牧人)—working independently or through wildlife conservancies—would protect the animals, treating them as possessions. They could feed them, lease them, breed them and charge hunter a fee for access. “If you want to conserve something,” Wilson says, “you have to give it a value. Animals that are considered pests don’t have value.”
Privatization could also help reduce grazing pressures. If kangaroos were more valuable than cattle or sheep, farmers would keep less live-stock, which could be good for the environment. Under this scheme, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation.
42. What can be learnt from the first three paragraphs?
A. Kangaroo meat is healthier than other red meat.
B. Global brands make small profits on kangaroos.
C. Kangaroos are more friendly to the environment.
D. Overpopulated kangaroos have become a financial burden.
43. What does the underlined word “implausible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Unreasonable. B. Immeasurable.
C. Unquestionable. D. Unchangeable.
44. Which of the following might be the benefit of privatization?
A. The popularity of kangaroo hunting.
B. The reduction in the number of kangaroos.
C. The establishment of more conservation areas.
D. The better management of the kangaroo industry.
45. The passage is written to ________.
A. argue against the killing of kangaroos
B. stress the importance of protecting kangaroos
C. present different opinions on the kangaroo industry
D. provide a solution to the problem caused by kangaroos
【答案】42. C 43. A 44. D 45. D
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是“如何解决袋鼠造成的问题”。
【42题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中第一句Advocates point out that low-fat, high-protein kangaroo meat comes from an animal more environmentally friendly than greenhouse gas-emitting sheep and cattle.“倡导人士指出，低脂肪、高蛋白袋鼠肉来自一种比排放温室气体的绵羊和牛更环保的动物。”可知，袋鼠对环境更友好。故选C。
【43题详解】
词义猜测题。根据第四段中Little kangaroos grow slowly, and many die, so kangaroo populations can expand by only 10 to 15 percent a year, and then only under the best of circumstances.“小袋鼠生长缓慢，很多会死亡，所以袋鼠的数量每年只能增长10%到15%，而且只有在最好的情况下才会增长。”可知，“人口估计非常有争议，但是“瘟疫比例”在生物学上是不可信的。”由此推知划线词的意思是“难以置信的”。故选A。
【44题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中Privatization could also help reduce grazing pressures.“私有化也可以帮助减少放牧的压力。”和Under this scheme, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation.“根据这一计划，土地所有者将与袋鼠产业合作，在品牌、营销和质量控制方面进行合作。政府的作用将是监督和监管。”可知，更好地管理袋鼠产业可能是私有化的好处。故选D。
【45题详解】
主旨大意题。根据最后一段中Under this scheme, landholders would work with the kangaroo industry on branding, marketing and quality control. The government’s role would be oversight and regulation.“根据这一计划，土地所有者将与袋鼠产业合作，在品牌、营销和质量控制方面进行合作。政府的作用将是监督和监管。”可知，这篇文章是为解决袋鼠造成的问题而写的。故选D。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Empathy is the ability to imagine what it must be like in someone else’s situation. It is an essential part of what it means to be human, to the extent that we are suspicious of anyone who does not show empathy in their behavior.
___46___ We read novels, watch television and go to the theatre, and part of our enjoyment comes from understanding the dilemma faced by the characters because we know how we would feel if we were in the same situation.
___47___ One study has shown animals displaying empathy towards other animals and towards humans. Creatures from across the animal kingdom such as bees and whales, as well as domestic pets, display behavior that suggests they cooperate with and protect each other.
In another study, psychiatrist Jules Masserman and his team conducted an experiment with monkeys in which the monkeys pulled one of two chains that released food. One chain simply released the food, while another gave an electric shock to a second monkey. The first monkey stopped pulling the chain that delivered the shock. ____48____ This empathetic behavior was observed in a number of monkeys.
The origin of empathy is probably the need for the young of all animal species to be cared for. They communicate this requirement by crying for attention and to show pain. Both human and non-human young were more likely to survive if their parents reacted positively to their needs. People and animals alike are social beings and are more likely to work together. ____49____ If we help others, we are also helping ourselves and so empathy is sensible and realistic.
We don’t always display empathy, however. Just as animals react aggressively to unknown creatures from their own or other species, humans tend to regard people they don’t know with suspicion. ____50____ Our unwillingness to trust anyone unfamiliar is as natural to us as our empathy towards those we know and love.
A. To feel empathy is not restricted to real life.
B. You can empathize with someone without feeling sympathy for them.
C. This fear of strangers will, we believe, protect us from personal danger.
D. It seemed to be willing to go hungry rather than see a fellow animal suffer.
E. However, it seems that in fact empathy may not be a quality unique to humans.
F. Empathy plays a role in that as it allows us to understand our fellow humans better.
G. It’s certainly difficult to understand an animal’s intention behind an emphatic response.
【答案】46. A 47. E
48. D 49. F
50. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述的是关于“同理心”。同理心是一种想象他人处境的能力。这是人性的一个重要组成部分，以至于我们对任何在行为中没有表现出同理心的人都持怀疑态度。
【46题详解】
该空位于句首，引出下文。下文提示“我们读小说，看电视，去剧院，我们的部分乐趣来自于理解角色所面临的困境，因为我们知道如果我们处于相同的处境，我们会有什么感觉。”承接下文，A项 To feel empathy is not restricted to real life.（感同身受并不局限于现实生活。）切题。故选A。
【47题详解】
下文提示“一项研究表明，动物对其他动物和人类表现出同理心。”承接下文，E. However, it seems that in fact empathy may not be a quality unique to humans.（然而，似乎同理心并不是人类独有的一种品质。）切题。上段说的是关于“人类的感同身受”，该项中的However“然而”与上段构成“转折关系”，并引出下文。故选E。
【48题详解】
上文提示“第一只猴子停了下来。”再根据下文提示“这种移情行为在许多猴子身上都观察到了。”承接上下文，D项 It seemed to be willing to go hungry rather than see a fellow animal suffer.（它似乎宁愿挨饿也不愿看到同伴受苦。）切题。故选D。
【49题详解】
上文提示“人和动物一样都是社会性动物，更有可能在一起工作。”再根据下文提示“如果我们帮助别人，我们也在帮助自己，所以同理心是明智和现实的。”承接上下文，F项 Empathy plays a role in that as it allows us to understand our fellow humans better.（同理心在其中扮演了一个角色，因为它让我们更好地理解我们的人类同胞。）切题。故选F。
【50题详解】
上文提示“正如动物对来自它们自己或其他物种的未知生物的攻击性反应一样，人类倾向于用
怀疑的眼光看待他们不认识的人。”再根据下文“我们不愿意相信任何不熟悉的人，这对我们来说很自然，就像我们对认识和爱的人产生同理心一样。”承接上下文，C项This fear of strangers will, we believe, protect us from personal danger.（我们相信，这种对陌生人的恐惧会保护我们免受人身危险。）切题。故选C。
第三部分书面表达（共两节 35分）
第一节（15分）
51.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。学校校刊英语园地栏目举办以“Changes in my life”为主题的征文比赛。请结合你的经历和感受，选取生活中的一个方面（如学习方式、出行方式、购物方式等）的变化，写一篇短文，向栏目投稿。
注意：1. 词数不少于50；
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
In recent years, great changes have taken place in my life.
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
【答案】In recent years, great changes have taken place in my life. What impresses me most is that technology has made our study easier and more effective.
Take online study as an example. This term I take some online courses, which is more convenient and flexible than studying on campus. The large variety of online courses, ranging from the school
subjects to career courses, provides me with abundant choices. I can choose the ones I like and have classes anywhere through the Internet. I also join some online study groups where I enjoy a closer relationship with my teachers and other group members.
When I meet with any questions, they always give me quick replies.
The online study has benefited me a lot. I have every reason to believe that the development of technology will bring about far-reaching changes in every aspect of our life.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇征文比赛的投稿。
【详解】本篇书面表达属于征文比赛的投稿。第1步：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。学校校刊英语园地栏目举办以“Changes in my life”为主题的征文比赛。请结合你的经历和感受，选取生活中的一个方面（如学习方式、出行方式、购物方式等）的变化，写一篇短文，向栏目投稿。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：great changes have taken place（巨大的变化已经发生）；made our study easier and more effective（使我们的学习更容易、更有效）；convenient and flexible（方便和灵活）；far-reaching changes（深远的变化）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。句中使用高级句子。What impresses me most is that technology has made our study easier and more effective.句中what引导主语从句，that引导表语从句；This term I take some online courses, which is more convenient and flexible than studying on campus.句中which引导非限制性定语从句。
第二节（20分）
52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录你和同学参加“助力冬奥，畅享冰雪”为主题的快乐滑雪活动的全过程。
注意：1. 词数不少于60;
2. 开头已给出，不计入总词数。
提示词：滑雪场 ski resort
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】With the approach of Winter Olympics, more and more people begin to try winter sports. Last weekend, my classmates and I decided to enjoy the snowy fun. Absolutely delighted, we enrolled in a training class. Arriving at the ski resort, our trainer gave us specific instruction in safe and skillful skiing. He was so careful and helpful that it didn’t take long to get ourselves on the trail. At first, we were all scared to take the first step in our skis. When we saw others having so much fun, we set out. Although we had several falls, none of us gave up. With great efforts, we were able to keep balance and ski more confidently. We played happily and felt a sense of achievement.
To record the exciting moment, we took many pictures. We hope, in 2022, we can work as volunteers in Winter Olympics.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是看图作文。
【详解】本篇书面表达属看图作文。第1步：假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记录你和同学参加“助力冬奥，畅享冰雪”为主题的快乐滑雪活动的全过程。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：With the approach of Winter Olympics（随着冬奥会的靠近）；enjoy the snowy fun（享受雪的乐趣）；specific instruction（具体的指示）；felt a sense of achievement.（感到一种成就感）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【点睛】本文内容完整，覆盖图画所要展示的内容，且语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。同时文中使用高级句子。He was so careful and helpful that it didn’t take long to get ourselves on the trail.句中so---that引导结果状语从句；When we saw others having so much fun, we set out. 句中when引导时间状语从句；Although we had several falls, none of us gave up.此处Although引导让步状语从句；To record the exciting moment, we took many pictures.句中动词不定式作目的状语。
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