www.ks5u.com绝密★启封前
2019上海高考压轴卷
英 语
考生注意：
1. 考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。
第I卷(共103分)
Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．
A．He knows who is knocking. B．He is eager to know who it is.
C．He doesn’t want to open the door. D．He is ready to open the door.
2．
A．By plane. B．By bus. C．By taxi. D．By train.
3．
A．$100. B．$200. C．$300. D．$400.
4．30．
A．She went to cinema. B．She went to an exhibition.
C．She stayed at home. D．She stayed with her classmates.
5．
A．In a doctor’s office. B．In a professor’s office.
C．In an operating room. D．In an emergency ward.
6．
A．The man paid the tuition for learning physics. B．The man got a lot of money for his hard work.
C．His hard work was not rewarding at all. D．His work before the test led to a good result.
7．
A．A furnished house. B．A recent book. C．A further study. D．A new record.
34．
A．They will go swimming. B．They will climb mountains.
C．They will buy some clothes. D．They will forecast the weather conditions.
8．
A．He has another lecture to attend.
B．He has no interest in the lecture.
C．He’s attended the same lecture given by Professor Wilson before.
D．He might miss the lecture, if the woman didn’t remind him.
9．
A．She fully agrees with the man. B．They are uncertain about the weather.
C．She disagrees with the man. D．She thought the man was always late.
10.
A. She fully agrees with the man. B. They are uncertain about the weather.
C. She disagrees with the man. D. She thought the man was always late.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear one longer conversation and two short passages, and you will be asked several questions on each of the conversation and the passages. The conversation and the passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following dialogue.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11．
A．People are encouraged to be a craftsman.
B．Learning woodworking is not as hard as you think.
C．Learning woodworking will help you know more people.
D．Taking a class in woodworking will be very helpful.
12．
A．Because I am a talent in this art and want to share it with others.
B．Because I am interested in it and want to show it to others.
C．Because I wonder how to pick materials and how to do it well.
D．Because it’s a good way to know more people interested in it.
13．
A．You can expect to do woodworking perfectly the very first time.
B．Doing woodworking means being alone for long.
C．You can also learn from other people interested in woodworking.
D．Taking a class in woodworking costs a lot of money.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.
14．
A．To analyze causes and effects of using a credit card.
B．To encourage people to borrow money from banks.
C．To let people know the responsibility in using a credit card.
D．To present the effect of computers in popularizing the use of credit cards.
15．
A．The development of computers.
B．People’s greediness for more money.
C．People’s needs for less paper money.
D．People’s learning to be more responsible.
16．
A．To learn to be responsible by using credit cards.
B．To stop using credit cards and borrow money from friends or relatives.
C．To pay money back as fast as possible after using credit cards.
D．To stop borrowing money and use your own funds for shopping.
Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.
17．
A．A newspaper. B．An advertisement company.
C．A cleanup company. D．A market.
18．
A．She wants to spare more room for something new.
B．She wants to turn their old stuff into cash at a low cost.
C．She knows that the sales consultant before the man does.
D．She just wants to clean up their house.
19．
A．Rudy is likely to buy their stuff.
B．Rudy will come and take their stuff away.
C．Rudy plays guitar as well as the man.
D．Rudy will help them with the ad and the sale.
20．
A．His old guitar.
B．Their appliances, jewelry, furniture and exercise equipment.
C．The spring cleanup sale.
D．The low cost of ad and friendly service.
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A
Directions: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A painter hangs his or her finished pictures on a wall, and everyone can see it. A composer writes a work, but no one can hear it 21． it is performed. Professional singers and players have great responsibilities, for the composer is absolutely dependent on them. A student of music needs as long and as tough a training to become a performer as a medical student needs22．（become） a doctor. Most training is concerned23． technique, for musicians have to be as muscularly skillful as an athlete or a ballet dancer. Singers practice breathing every day, as their vocal chords（声带） would be inadequate without24．（control） muscular support. String players practice moving the fingers of the left hand up and down, while drawing the bow back and forth with the right arm,25． are two entirely different movements.
Singers and instruments have to be able to get every note perfectly in tune. Pianists 26．（spare） this particular anxiety, for the notes are already there, and it is the piano tuner’s responsibility to tune the instrument for27． . But they have their own difficulties; the hammers that hit the string must be dealt with carefully not to sound like drum or bass, and each tone, even if played very fast, has to sound clear.
The problem28．（face） student conductors is that they have to learn to know every note of the music and29． it should sound, and they need to aim at controlling these sound with enthusiastic but selfless authority.
Technique is of no use unless it is combined with musical knowledge and understanding. Great artists are those who are so thoroughly at home in the language of music30． they can enjoy
performing works written in any century.
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．perspectives
B．explore
C．qualities
D．powerfully
E. appreciate
F. purpose
G. constructive
H. concepts
I. demonstrated
J. motivated
K. recommendation
Dear Admissions Committee,
I had the pleasure of teaching Sara in her 11th grade honors English class at Mark Twain High School. From the first day of class, Sara impressed me with her ability to clearly explain difficult 31． and texts, her sensitivity to the slight differences within literature, and her passion for reading, writing, and creative expression— both in and out of the classroom. Sara is a talented literary critic and poet, and she has my highest 32． as a student and writer.
Sara is talented at considering the elegances within literature and the 33． behind authors' works. She produced an extraordinary year-long thesis paper on creative identity development, in which she compared works from three different time periods and synthesized cultural and historical 34． to inform her analysis. When called upon to give her thesis defense in front of her peers, Sara spoke clearly and35． about her conclusions and responded to questions in a thoughtful way. Outside of the classroom, Sara is devoted to her literary pursuits, especially to poetry. She publishes her poetry in our school's literary magazine, as well as in online magazines. She is an insightful, sensitive, and deeply self-aware individual driven to 36．art, writing, and a deeper understanding of the human condition.
Throughout the year Sara was an active participant in our discussions, and she always supported her peers. Her caring nature and personality allow her to work well with others in a team setting, as she always respects others' opinions even when they differ from her own. When we held a class debate about gun laws, Sara chose to speak for the side opposite her own views. She explained her choice as37． by a desire to put herself in other people's shoes, view the issues from a new perspective, and gain a clearer sense of the issue from all angles. Throughout the year, Sara 38． this openness to the opinions, feelings, and perspectives of others, along with sharp powers of observation, all 39． that make her outstanding as a student of literature and burgeoning writer.
I am certain that Sara is going to continue to do great and creative things in her future. I highly recommend her for admission to your undergraduate program. She is talented, caring, dedicated, and focused in her pursuits. Sara consistently seeks out 40． feedback so she can improve her writing skills, which is a rare and impressive quality in a high school student. Sara is truly a stand-out individual who will impress everyone she meets. Please feel free to contact me if you have any questions at callmeclemens@gmail.com.
Sincerely,
Ms. Scribe
English Teacher
Mark Twain High School
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading, but plain and simple 41 .
Language is our greatest treasure as a species, and what do we 42 do with it? We gossip. About others' behaviour and private lives, such as who's doing what with whom, who's in and who's out——and why; how to deal with difficult 43 situations involving children, lovers, and colleagues.
So why are we keen on gossiping? Are we just natural 44 , of both time and words? Or do we talk a lot about nothing in particular simply to avoid facing up to the really important issues of life? It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar. In fact, in his latest book, Grooming, Gossip and the Evolution of Language, the psychologist says gossip is one of these really 45 issues.
Dunbar 46 the traditional view that language was developed by the men at the early stage of social development in order to organize their manly hunting activities more effectively, or even to promote the exchange of poetic stories about their origins and the supernatural. Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk, argues Dunbar — 47 , he goes on to say, language evolved specifically to allow us to gossip.
Dunbar arrived at his cheery theory by studying the 48 of the higher primates like monkeys. By means of grooming——cleaning the fur by brushing it, monkeys form groups with other individuals on whom they can rely for support in the event of some kind of conflict within the group or 49 from outside it.
As we human beings evolve from a particular branch of the primate family, Dunbar 50 that at one time in our history we did much the same. Grouping together made sense because the
bigger the group, the greater the 51 it provided; on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others. Grooming helped to 52 the pressure and calm everybody down.
But as the groups got bigger and bigger, the amount of time spent in grooming activities also had to be 53 to maintain its effectiveness. Clearly, a more 54 kind of grooming was needed, and thus language evolved as a kind of vocal grooming which allowed humans to develop relationship with ever-larger groups by exchanging information over a wider network of individuals than would be possible by one-to-one 55 contact.
41．A．claim B．description C．gossip D．language
42．A．occasionally B．habitually C．independently D．originally
43．A．social B．political C．historical D．cultural
44．A．admirers B．masters C．users D．wasters
45．A．vital B．sensitive C．ideal D．difficult
46．A．confirms B．rejects C．outlines D．broadens
47．A．for instance B．in addition C．on the contrary D．as a result
48．A．motivation B．appearance C．emotion D．behavior
49．A．attack B．contact C．inspection D．assistance
50．A．recalls B．denies C．concludes D．confesses
51．A．prospect B．responsibility C．leadership D．protection
52．A．measure B．show C．maintain D．ease
53．A．saved B．extended C．consumed D．gained
54．A．common B．efficient C．scientific D．thoughtful
55．A．indirect B．daily C．physical D．secret
Section B
Direction：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In a career that lasted more than half a century, Tom Wolfe wrote fiction and nonfiction
best-sellers including The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test and The Bonfire of the Vanities. Along the way, he created a new type of journalism and coined phrases that became part of the American vocabulary.
Wolfe began working as a newspaper reporter, first for The Washington Post, then the New York Herald Tribune. He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the “New Journalism.” “I’ve always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfiction are interchangeable,” he said. “The things that work in nonfiction would work in fiction, and vice versa.”
“When Tom Wolfe’s voice broke into the world of nonfiction, it was a time when a lot of writers, and a lot of artists in general, were turning inwards,” says Lev Grossman, book critic for Time magazine. “Wolfe didn’t do that. Wolfe turned outwards. He was a guy who was interested in other people.” Wolfe was interested in how they thought, how they did things and how the things they did affected the world around them.
In 1979, Wolfe published The Right Stuff, an account of the military test pilots who became America’s first astronauts. Four years later, the book was adapted as a feature film. “The Right Stuff was the book for me,” says Grossman. “It reminded me, in case I’d forgotten, that the world is an incredible place.”
In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase “pushing the envelope.” In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as “The ‘Me’ Decade.” Grossman says these phrases became part of the American idiom because they were accurate.
“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality,” Grossman says. “He did it well and people heard him. And they repeated what he said because he was right.” All those words started a revolution in nonfiction that is still going on.
56. The “New Journalism” is a style of journalism that .
A. changes its news writing techniques frequently
B. popularizes new American idioms in a literary way
C. combines novelistic techniques with traditional reporting
D. reports various news events from a theoretical perspective
57. It can be learned from the passage that The Right Stuff .
A. is a film directed by Lev Grossman B. is an influential book by Tom Wolfe
C. accounts for popular American phrases D. deals with incredible places in the world
58. According to the passage, Tom Wolfe .
A. was good at reporting news from a realistic perspective
B. preferred making claims about events to writing books
C. was fond of commenting on other people’s thoughts
D. liked analyzing social problems from the outside
59. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
A. Tom Wolfe: A Professional Phrase Coiner
B. Tom Wolfe: A Forceful Observer and Novelist
C. Tom Wolfe: A Theoretical Creator in Literature
D. Tom Wolfe: An Innovative Journalist and Writer
（B）
The idea of using radio or wireless to broadcast to audiences was formed in 1916 by a president of the American Marconi Company, David Sarnoff. His superiors were doubtful about his idea to “make radio a household cause, so that by purchase of a ‘radio music box’, the audience could enjoy lectures, music performance, etc.”
Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. A local music store had provided records to play on the Victoria, and Conrad and his family served as disc jockeys(唱片音乐播音员). Westinghouse vice president Harry Davis asked Conrad to build a more powerful transmitter(发射台)in time to announce the outcome of the next US presidential election. Conrad completed his assignment, and on November 2, 1920, station KDKA in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, broadcast the announcement that Warren G. Harding had been elected president. About 1000 people heard this first news broadcast.
Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers, and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years. To stimulate the sale of radio
sets, equipment manufactures provided transmitting facilities. Singers, comedians, and entire orchestras volunteered their services for publicity. The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service. In August 1922 the first commercial radio advertisement was broadcast on WEAF (now WNBC) in New York City. In 1926, when about 5 million homes had radios, the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), in cooperation with the American Telephone & Telegraph Company, established the first commercial radio network. In the 1920s radio was established as a new mass medium had a practicable industry, and it became a national forum(论坛)for news and popular culture.
59．The passage is mainly concerned with _______.
A．the contribution of radio to popular culture
B．the invention and uses of radio
C．early radio programs for a mass audience
D．the history of radio broadcasting
60．Who started broadcasting radio programs to mass audience?
A．Frank Conrad B．David Sarnoff C．Harry Davis D．Warren Harding
61．After 1920, radio expanded rapidly because _______.
A．people could easily get it in stores B．it was cheaper than newspapers
C．it had advantages over newspapers D．people were interested in anything new
62．By saying that “the eventual financial basis of the new industry was still unclear”, the author means that _______.
A．the private foundations were unwilling to support the stations
B．the stations were not sure yet where to get the operational money
C．advertising and commercial programs could not raise enough money
D．the listeners would not pay for the broadcasting stations
(C)
The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it’s also getting greener and leafier. According to new research, the rise is largely due to China and India.
A study by National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), based on extensive satellite
photographs and published in the journal Nature Sustainability, has revealed that the two countries with the world’s biggest populations are also responsible for the largest increase in greenness.
Since 2000, the planet’s green leaf area has increased by 5 percent, or over 2 million square miles. That’s an area equivalent to the sum total of the Amazon rainforests, NASA says. But researchers stressed that the new greenery does not neutralize deforestation and its negative impacts on ecosystems elsewhere.
A third of the leaf increase is thanks to China and India, due to the implementation of major tree-planting projects alongside a vast increase in agriculture.
Using the data from a NASA sensor, researchers discovered that China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area, despite possessing only 6.6 percent of the world’s vegetated area (植被区). Forests account for 42 percent of that increase, while croplands make up a further 32 percent. China’s increase in forest area is the result of forest preservation and expansion programs, NASA said, established to fight against the impacts of climate change, air pollution and soil erosion (水土流失). India has contributed a further 6.8 percent rise in green leaf area, with 82 percent from croplands and 4.4 percent from forests.
Rama Nemani, a co-author of the study and a researcher at NASA’s Ames Research Center, said in a statement, “When the greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance.” “Now, with the data that lets us understand the phenomenon at really small scales, we see that humans are also contributing,” Nemani said. “This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.”
Thomas Pugh, a professor at the University of Birmingham’s School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, said the NASA report expands scientists’ understanding of the causes behind global greening. But he also cautioned that a direct line cannot be drawn between an increase in global greening and a decrease in negative impacts of climate change.
63. The passage mainly tells us that .
A. China and India have the world’s largest green leaf areas
B. China and India are the lead role players in global greening
C. our planet is experiencing a climate crisis despite human efforts
D. our planet is getting greener due to the joint efforts of the world
64. What can be learned about China and India?
A. The area of croplands in India is larger than that in China.
B. India’s rise in leaf area is largely due to its forestry program.
C. They both show a greater increase in forests than in croplands.
D. China boasts twenty-five percent of the global rise in leaf area.
65. According to Rama Nemani, their new findings are .
A. unexpected but significant B. surprising but valueless
C. predictable but disappointing D. uncontrollable but inspiring
66. What can be inferred from the passage?
A. There is an indirect link between global greening and climate change.
B. The new greenery does not have any positive effect on the global climate.
C. The gain in greenness does not make up for the damage from loss of leaf area.
D. The increase in greening reduces the deforestation rate and its impact globally.
Section C
Directions : Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. Cleaning your community will have a positive effect on others in society.
B. Then find a need or an issue you really care about.
C. But they belong to the community, too.
D. Living in a clean neighborhood will be its own reward
E. Don’t hesitate to take part in the community’s activity
F. Round up some readers
Can just one person make a difference? You bet! In a community every person counts, and getting involved is not difficult. Take stock of your own talents and interests. ___67___. Don’t wait for someone else to act first. Take the initiative! Once you see what you can accomplish, you’ll want to keep going.
Here are just a few ways to make a difference in your community. How many more ways can you come up with?
Clean up the community. People often throw litter in places where there is already litter. And the problem only becomes worse until someone gets fed up and does something. Could your neighborhood use a cleanup? Neighborhood cleanups are often sponsored by local businesses or schools. But if your community doesn’t have a cleanup program, get together with friends to organize one. You could pick up garbage in a larger area twice a year, or you could clean a smaller
area every few months. ___68___.
Include the isolated. Do you know anyone who is housebound? Almost all neighborhoods have a few people who have to stay at their homes. These people are often elderly and unable to leave their homes to perform simple tasks. ___69___. By letting them “borrow” your legs and eyes, you can make them feel included. You can run errands for them like shopping or paying bills. They might like you to read to them if their eyesight is failing. Governments provide some of the services these people need, but programs cannot give them friendship; that’s what communities are for!
___70___. Reading clubs are popular all over Europe and North America. Members might read at home to prepare for discussion, or they might read aloud to each other and talk about what they just read. Either way, a book or article can spark lively discussion and this often challenges people to take action.
Section D
Directions : Read the following passage , Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words . Use your own words as far as possible.
Are you working with your computer routinely either as a office employee or a game lover? Are your eyes dry, watery, blurry, seeing double or sensitive to light? If your answer is a “yes”, you are likely one of many people today who suffer from digital eyestrain, also called computer-vision syndrome. What on earth is this syndrome coming from? What can we do to deal with this problem?
Eyestrain is often related to the amount of exposure to screens, the distance from eyes to screens and the use of multiple screens simultaneously. However, studies have also shown that the blue light produced by digital devices today reaches further into the eyes than other kinds of light. This light actually assists attention during the day but can result in interrupted sleep patterns at night.
Years of scientific researches indicate that eyestrain isn’t necessarily an unavoidable problem for those who deal with computer work in the daily base. There are ways you can adopt which can overcome the problem considerably. To begin with, your computer screen should be high-resolution (高分辨率), at least 50 centimeters wide diagonally and may require a screen filter to decrease reflections. Also, be aware that “computer glasses”, which cut down glare and blue light，are available.
Besides, to reduce your risk for computer-vision syndrome, take frequent breaks during your computer workday. Many workers take only two 15-minute breaks from their computer throughout their day. According to a recent study, eyestrain are significantly reduced when computer workers take four additional five-minute “mini-breaks” throughout their workday. Finally, many of us fall into bad habits while using digital screens, which only worsen the effects of eyestrain. While viewing digital screens, many people blink (眨眼) one third less often than they usually do. Place a reminder on your computer to “blink” so that your eyes don’t dry out.
第II卷(共47分)
I. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 远足是我们接触大自然的最简单方式之一。 (expose)
73. 新上映的电影改编自一部极具人气的小说，非常卖座。(which)
74. 和孩子们共读一本书，不仅能培养他们良好的阅读习惯，还能引领他们探索未知世界的奥妙。(not only)
75. 在很多国家，各种形态优美的家犬已成为最受喜爱的家庭动物，他们与人们朝夕相处，得到了悉心呵护。(care)
II. Guided Writing
Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是中华中学的高三学生李华，前几天收到远在英国的朋友Sandy的邮件，Sandy知道你即将高中毕业，给你写邮件，询问你高中毕业后的打算，想知道你毕业后准备在国内高等学校继续学习呢，还是计划出国深造，或者直接开始工作，甚或还有其他打算。你现给Sandy回复邮件，内容包括:你高中毕业后的具体打算；你这样打算的理由。
注:文中不得提及你的真实姓名或学校。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案
第I卷
第一大题。
1-5, CDACA 6-10, DBBDC 11-13. BCC 14-16. AAD 17-20, ABDD
第二大题每小题1分。共26分。
语法填空(21---30)
21．until/before
22．to become
23．with
24．controlled
25．which
26．are spared
27．them
28．facing
29．how
30．that
选词填空(31---40)
31．H
32．K
33．F
34．A
35．D
36．B.
37．J
38．I
39．C
40．G
第三大题第51至65小题，每题1分；第66至77小题，每题2分；第78至81小题，每题2分。共47分。
41．C
42．B
43．A
44．D
45．A
46．B
47．C
48．D
49．A
50．C
51．D
52．D
53．B
54．B
55．C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇议论文。研究表明人们的语言大多数不是重大的话题讨论和研究，而很多是闲言碎语，这些闲言碎语是不是浪费时间呢，Robin Dunbar教授不是这样认为的，他认为闲言碎语是非常重要的，是人类发展过程中非常重要的交流形式。
41．考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.宣称,B.描述，C.闲话，D.语言，根据上文的句子：可知我们人类的大多数对话不是文化的，政治的问题，也不是关于电影和树的讨论，而就是简单的闲言碎语，Research has shown that two-thirds of human conversation is taken up not with discussion of the cultural or political problems of the day, not heated debates about films we've just watched or books we've just finished reading下文多次出现gossip这个词，所以选C。
42．考查副词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.偶然地，B.习惯地，C.独立地，D.最初地，根据上一句，Language is our greatest treasure as a species,语言是我们做为一个物种的最伟大的财宝，我们习惯怎么使用它？所以选B。
43．考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.社交的，B.政治的，C.历史的，D.文化的，根据下文的：involving children, lovers, and colleagues.包括孩子，爱人和同事这些都是社会形势，所以选A.
44．考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.仰慕者，B.主人，C.使用者，D.浪费者，根据上文，So why are we keen on gossiping?我们为什么喜欢说些闲言碎语，因为我们是时间和语言的浪费者吗？所以选D。
45．考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.至关重要的，B.敏感的，C.理想的，D.困难的，根据上文的介绍，It's not the case according to Professor Robin Dunbar.可知Robin Dunbar教授不认为我们是浪费时间，而认为闲言碎语是最重要的事情，所以选A。
46．考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.证实，B.反对，C. 概述，略述，画轮廓，打草图D.拓宽，根据上下文可知Robin Dunbar教授是反对传统的关于语言是在人类社会发展初期在组织打猎的时候发展起来的这个观点，所以选B。
47．考查词组辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.例如，B.此外，C.相反的，D.因此，根据上文的句子：Instead he suggests that language evolved among women. We don't spend two-thirds of our time gossiping just because we can talk,可知：正相反的是，语言进化是是让我们说些闲言碎语的，所以选C。
48．考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.动机，B.外表，出现，C. 情感，D.行为，根据下文的描述By means of grooming可知教授是通过研究灵长类动物的行为得出这个令人高兴的理论的，所以选D。
49．考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.进攻，B.联系，C.视察，D.帮助，根据上文的conflict可知猴子和其他的个体形成群体来获得在内部冲突事件中或来自外界的进攻时的支持，所以选A。
50．考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.回想，B.否认，C.下结论，结束，D. .承认，聆听（某人的）忏悔，这句话的意思是：教授下结论说，我们在历史上做过相似的事情，所以选C。
51．考查名词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A. .前景，期望，眺望处，景象，B.责任，C.领导，D.保护，根据下文的：on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.可知因为群体越大，获得的保护就越大，所以选D。
52．考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.衡量，B.展示，C.保持，D.缓解，根据上文：on the other hand, the bigger the group, the greater the stresses of living close to others.群体越大，生活在一起的压力就越大，梳理毛发可以缓解压力，让每个人都冷静下来，所以选D。
53．考查动词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.拯救，B.延伸，延长，C.消费，消耗，D.获得，随着群体越来越大，花在打扮上的时间就要延长来维持它的效果，所以选B。
54．考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.常见的，普遍的，B.有效的，C.科学的，D.考虑周到的，根据上文的effectiveness可知这里是需要一个更加有效的梳理毛发。所以选B。
55．考查形容词辨析。四个选项的含义分别是：A.间接的，B.日常的，C.物理的，身体的，D.秘密的，语言演变成了有声的梳理毛发，它可以让人们通过比一对一的日常交流更多的人群中交换信息，这样可以和更大的群体发展关系，所以选C。
阅读理解：
A篇
【答案】56. C 57. B 58. A 59. D
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了Tom Wolfe
，一位富有创新的记者和作家。他将小说技巧与传统报道相结合创造出了一种非虚构文学风格，被称为“新新闻”。
【56题详解】
推理判断题。第二段中He developed a literary style in nonfiction that became known as the “New Journalism.” “I’ve always agreed on a theoretical level that the techniques for fiction and nonfiction are interchangeable,”可知他将小说和非小说的技巧结合形成了一种新的文体。即“新新闻”是一种将小说手法与传统报道相结合的新闻文体，故选C。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。倒数第二段第一、二句In The Right Stuff, Wolfe popularized the phrase “pushing the envelope.” In a New York magazine article, Wolfe described the 1970s as “The ‘Me’ Decade.”可知在The Right Stuff书中，Wolfe普及了短语“推信封”。在纽约杂志的一篇文章中，Wolfe将20世纪70年代描述为“自我”的十年。即可知The Right Stuff是Tom Wolfe写的一本很有影响力的书，故选B。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“He was an enormously forceful observer, and he was not afraid of making strong claims about what was happening in reality,”可知Tom Wolfe是一个非常有说服力的观察者，他不害怕对现实中正在发生的事情做出强有力的断言。即Tom Wolfe善于从现实的角度报道新闻，故选A。
【59题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章主要内容为介绍了发明了“新新闻”文体的Tom Wolfe，他是一位创新的记者和作家。故选D。
B篇:
59．D
60．A
61．C
62．B
【解析】 本文是历史知识。主要讲述无线广播的建立与发展。使用无线电或无线广播听众的想法是由美国马可尼公司总裁于1916提出的，大卫·沙诺夫，美国工程师Frank Conrad（W·E公司的雇员）于四年后运用无线广播的。1926年建立了第一个商业无线电网络。
59．D
主旨大意题。通读全文可知，全文的主体都在围绕着广播的建立与发展。 因此选择 D项。
60．A
细节理解题。 第二段“Four years later the American engineer Frank Conrad, an employee at W E Corp, attracted considerable attention when a local newspaper reported on the growing audience listening on crystal radio sets to his evening and weekend amateur broadcasts. ” 四年后，美国工程师Frank Conrad（W·E公司的雇员）引起了相当多的关注，是在当地一家报纸报道越来越多的听众收听他晚间和周末业余广播的水晶收音机时，本句可以得出答案A。
61．C
推断判断题。 文中第二段最后以总统竞选结果的发布为切入点，以证明广播比报纸传播的更及时，尤其是第三段的第一句“Radio communicated news much faster than did newspapers and because crystal sets were easy to build and inexpensive, radio expanded rapidly in the following years.，” 无线电通讯的速度比报纸快得多，而且由于晶体装置易于建造和廉价，无线电在随后几年迅速扩大。 分析选项可知，本题的答案为C。
62．B.
细节理解题。第三段中间的“The eventual financial basis of the new industry, however, was still unclear. One group in New York City tried to seek contributions from listeners while others urged that private foundations support radio stations as a public service.” 然而，新的产业的最终经济基础的来源仍然不明。纽约的一个团体试图从听众那里寻求捐款，而另一些人则敦促私人基金会支持广播电台作为公共服务。 由此可知分歧的点在于如何运营广播，故选择答案B。
C篇:
【答案】63. B 64. D 65. A 66. C
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。地球正面临着气候危机，但它也变得越来越绿色和枝繁叶茂。根据最新研究，这一增长主要归功于中国和印度。文章同时介绍了中国和印度在这一增长中的具体体现。
【63题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段The Earth is facing a climate crisis, but it’s also getting greener and leafier. According to new research, the rise is largely due to China and India.可知地球正面临着气候危机，但它也变得越来越绿色和叶子。根据最新研究，这一增长主要归功于中国和印度。即中国和印度是全球绿化主导角色，故选B。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。第四段第一句China is the source of a quarter of the increase in green leaf area可知中国的绿叶面积增长了四分之一，即中国拥有全球25%的叶面积增长。故选D。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“When the greening of the Earth was first observed, we thought it was due to a warmer, wetter climate and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, leading to more leaf growth in northern forests, for instance.” “Now, with the data that lets us understand the phenomenon at really small scales, we see that humans are also contributing,” Nemani said.可知最初Nemani第一次观察到地球变绿时，他们认为这是由于气候变暖、变湿，以及大气中二氧化碳的增加，而下文提到“现在，有了这些数据，我们可以在非常小的范围内理解这种现象，我们发现人类也在做出贡献。”，即这一项新发现是“没有预料到的；出乎意料之外”的；再根据本段最后一句This will help scientists make better predictions about the behavior of different Earth systems, which will help countries make better decisions about how and when to take action.可知Rama Nemani认为这一新发现将帮助科学家更好地预测不同地球系统的动向，将帮助各国更好地决定如何以及何时采取行动。即这项新发现是有意义的，故选A。
【66题详解】
推理判断题。最后一段最后一句But he also cautioned that a direct line cannot be drawn between an increase in global greening and a decrease in negative impacts of climate change.可知全球绿化的增加和气候变化负面影响的减少之间并不能直接区分开，即绿度的增加不能弥补绿叶面积的损失。故选C。
六选四：
67-70．BDCF
71.Summary writing
Digital eyestrain is related to the amount of exposure to screens and the distance of the eyes to the screens. Scientists suggest we should use high-resolution screens and try to decrease reflections. Moreover, besides longer breaks, we should take more additional mini-breaks. Finally, remind ourselves to blink as much as possible to prevent our eyes from drying out.
第II卷
第一大题第1至3小题，每题4分；第4至5小题，每题5分。共22分。
72. Hiking is one of the simplest ways for us to be exposed to nature.
1.5 1.5
73. The newly released film, which is adapted from a very popular novel,
0.5 1.5
sells well.
1
74. Reading books with kids can not only develop their good reading
2
habits. but also guide them to explore the mystery of the unknown
2
world.
75. In many countries, various beautiful/cute domestic/tamed dogs have
2
become favorite/the most beloved pets. and they live/stay
1
together with people/humans day and time/from morning to night.
2
receiving /getting/obtaining good care.
第二大题共25分。
76.
Dear Sandy,
I'm so glad to hear from you. Yes, like you said, I have been longing for the graduation of high school, during which I can do a lot of amazing things.
After the high school time, I would like to go to the university for my further study, which lasts about 4 years and will undoubtedly be my last school-time. Therefore, I'd like to make it as meaningful as possible.
College is an important milestone in my life, so I plan to support myself through college all by myself. I'll begin with a part-time job at McDonalds, which will also be a great chance to meet many interesting people and learn about society.
With the money earned, I'll enroll in a driving course and try to get my driver's license. How exciting that will be! Another thing I'm anticipating is to teach little kids English in my community as a volunteer teacher. You know teaching has been my dream job.
Pretty exciting, huh? What are your plans for this summer? Looking forward to hearing from you soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
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