2020 年上海市黄浦区高考英语一模试卷
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections： In Section A， you will hear ten short
conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be
asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers
onyour paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．（1 分）A． In a cosmetics shop．
B． In a hospital．
C． In a nutrition department．
D． In a supermarket．
2．（1 分）A． Boss and secretary．
B． Editor and publisher．
C． Student and professor．
D． Writer and reader．
3．（1 分）A． Open a wedding company．
B． Try a new restaurant．
C． Run his own bakery．
D． Buy some insurance．
4．（1 分）A． The package is too big to deliver．
B． The delivery can be made automatically．
C． The woman will have lunch with the man．
D． The man can make the delivery tomorrow morning．
5．（1 分）A． He was most difficult to satisfy．
B． He set many special requirements．
C． He inspected the project regularly．
D． He was as common as other customers．
6．（1 分）A． An amazing book．
B． A great woman．
C． A scientific field．D． A strong voice．
7．（1 分）A． He himself is a big fan of Hepburn．
B． He does not think the girl is like Hepburn．
C． He felt puzzled by girls' love for Hepburn．
D． He does not know anything about Hepburn．
8．（1 分）A． When to do mind﹣wandering．
B． Where to have physical activities．
C． How to keep attentive in a lecture．
D． How to take notes in a lecture．
9．（1 分）A． Ordinary．
B． Practical．
C． Disturbing．
D． Unrealistic．
10．（1 分）A． Decorating the company．
B． Finishing a painting．
C． Preparing a presentation．
D． Restructuring the budget．
Section BDirections ： In Section B ， you will hear two short passages and one longer
conversation. After each passage or conversation， you will be asked several questions. The
passages and the conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only
once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide
which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
11．（4.5 分）（1）A． 2．
B． 11．
C． 21．
D． 30．
（2）A． A horse．
B． A dog．
C． A pig．
D． A cat．（3）A． More annoyed．
B． Less anxious．
C． More frightened．
D． Less shocked．
12．（4.5 分）（1）A． Its clear aim．
B． Its evaluation process．
C． Its numerous applications．
D． Its solid foundation．
（2）A． In 1954．
B． In 2013．
C． In 2018．
D． In 2000．
（3）A． Its location and area．
B． The categories of its collections．
C． Its official WeChat account．
D． The visiting experience it offers．
13．（6 分）（1）A． Consumer and gender．
B． Age groups and activities．
C． Sports and facilities．
D． Training time and trend．
（2）A． Cycling．
B． Jogging．
C． Skiing．
D． Swimming．
（3）A． 18﹣26．
B． 27﹣35．
C． 36﹣45．
D． 46﹣55．
（4）A． To determine which item deserves priority．
B． To get ideas for a more appealing slogan design．C． To know about teenagers' leisure sporting activities．
D． To see which age group is at the top of consumption capability．
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in
the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a
given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other
blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
14．（10 分）
Asleep on a plane： a case for window seats
I love to sleep on planes， and I have an unusual ability to sleep well on them． There have
even been one or two occasions （1） I have fallen asleep before takeoff and awakened
upon the impact of landing， not having realized we had even left the ground． So when
（ 2 ） （ book ） my flights ， I always choose the window seat whenever
possible． This allows me to lean my sleepy head against the wall of the plane for a bit （3）
（much） comfort．
Some （4） argue that the aisle （走廊） seat is superior for the leg space and the
ability to get
off swiftly and eye the snack cart． But in reality， we're all getting our drinks and snacks
（5） seconds． Also， I find that if a person knows he's in a window seat， he'll
choose to use the bathroom before boarding so that he （6） （not need） to disturb
his neighbor， which is just considerate． And he'll seize the opportunity to get up when
another seatmate gets up so that the seatmate needn't （7） （bother） more than once．
As a photographer and visually oriented person， the window seat gives me the best views
of cottony clouds， or a great sunset， or golden sunrise， etc． Most of all， （8）
I've been flying for years， I still get pleasure of seeing my departing city or country （9）
（shrink） into the distance， and the butterflies in my stomach when I see the horizon of my
destination come into view． And those feelings of adventure and excitement are （10）
keep me coming back， flight after flight， to my window seat．
Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each
word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
15．（10 分）A． access B． arise C． attachment D． definitely E． partner F． potential
G． shape H． stimulated I．subconsciously J．traditional K． unbanked
Beyond Mobile Money： The Future of Asia's FinTech
Mobile money has been the hottest part in financial technology for the last few years． But
FinTech is more than just how people store money and transact（交易）﹣ the space is much
more horizontal， shortcutting how we create， share， and protect value．
The latest product of FinTech companies to （1） in Asia Pacific illustrates the many
ways the space can help consumers beyond just their mobile wallet． It is important for all
businesspersons to be aware of these trends， as their success opens up all sorts of possibilities
for companies to （2） with them． And， on a much deeper level， new FinTechs
may （3） consumer expectations in even other tech industries．
The Smartphone Emerges as a Credit﹣Scoring Standard
With close to half a billion （4） consumers in Southeast Asia alone， there is an
entire industry of FinTechs devoted to finding ways to accurately determine their credit ﹣
worthiness to give them （5） to finance． Unfortunately， since they don't have bank
accounts， such FinTechs cannot rely on （6） financial information or credit card
payments．
One credit scoring source emerging as a new standard in the field is smartphone﹣based
credit scoring． It has （7） broad global support， including from the likes of the
World Bank． In one of its reports， the Asian Development Bank even stated that mobile data
was a key to financial （8） ， as it could improve customer recording， and， in turn，
get an access to credit．
AI Combines with the Wisdom of the Crowd
The most common slogan in today's tech headlines is the "artificial intelligence"． Readers
are fascinated with how AI has the （9） to transform every consumer and enterprise
（企业） industry． While such focus is appropriate that AI will （10） change the
world， it leaves out a crucial element that will go hand﹣in﹣hand with its rise： the wisdom
of the crowd．
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passag， there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word
or phrase that best fits the context.
16．（15 分）Endangered languages can be found throughout the world． Many languages now
have fewer than 100 or even fewer than 10 speakers． The crisis is not limited to remote regions
of the world． When Europeans first arrived in North America，312 different languages were
（ 1 ） ， of which 123 are now known to be extinct ． Of the （ 2 ）
languages， most speakers are grandparents and great﹣grandparents．
Different researchers offer different definitions of "endangered"． The system of （3）
used by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages evaluates languages in four areas： the （4）
of all the speakers， how often the language is conveyed to the next （5） ， the rate
at which it is losing speakers and the（6） in which it is used． Based on this data，
languages are ranked on a six ﹣ point scale from "safe" to "severely endangered ． " The
midpoint， "endangered" refers to a language with between 100 and 1，000 speakers who
represent about half of the language's community or ethnic group．The language is spoken only
by some parents， of whom very few teach it to their children． It is （7） used at home
and is not taught in schools or used for government business．
Languages become endangered due to a number of （8） factors including globalizati
on ， economics ， technology ， education policy ， and changes in （ 9 ）
attitudes． As the forces of globalization make the world more interconnected， previously
（10） language communities come under pressure to participate in a larger economy，
which means learning the area's majority language． （11） ，local schools often begin
to teach the majority language instead of the local tongue ． Local languages also （ 12 ）
as communities adopt mobile phones and computers， most of which run on software that has
been translated into only a handful of languages． This trend （13） as these devices
connect users to the Internet． At this point， many communities undergo a cultural （14）
in which parents no longer value the language enough to teach it to their children．
Initiatives to （15） endangered languages have become more numerous in recent
years． These efforts tend to focus on two main areas： the documentation of endangered
languages， and efforts to increase the use of endangered languages among younger speakers
and in the community at large．（1）A． at hand B． at risk C． in use D． in view
（2）A． ancient B． evolving C． local D． surviving
（3）A． assessment B． classification C． description D． research
（4）A． age B． background C． number D． religion
（5）A． committee B． century C． generation D． government
（6）A． content B． occupations C． situations D． themes
（7）A． advisedly B． efficiently C． primarily D． rarely
（8）A． balancing B． complicating C． historical D． interrelated
（9）A． cultural B． mental C． moral D． religious
（10）A． foreign B． informal C． isolated D． national
（11）A． For example B． In contrast C． In response D． Vice versa
（12）A． boom B． develop C． disappear D． suffer
（13）A． ceases B． changes C． increases D． starts
（14）A． difference B． influence C． shift D． variety
（15）A． enrich B． purify C． refresh D． standardize
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B，
C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you
have read.
17．（8 分）Many of China's ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin
and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s． The husband and wife team were among the first preservationists to operate in China， and by far the best known． Their efforts
have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush
toward development．
Becoming China's best architectural historians was no easy accomplishment． The buildings
they wanted to save were centuries old， located in distant parts of the country． In many cases，
they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach
them． Exploring China's remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy， poorly
maintained roads by mule （ 骡 子 ） or on foot ． Inns were often dirty ， food could be
polluted， and there was always risk of violence from rebels， soldiers and robbers．
Their greatest discovery was the Temple of Buddha's Light， in Wutai County， Shanxi
Province． The
breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A．D．， making it the oldest building known in
China at the time．
Liang and Lin crawled into the temple's most forbidding， forgotten areas to determine its
age ， including one hideaway inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs ，
covered in dust and littered with dead bats． "In complete darkness and among the awful smell，
hardly breathing， with thick masks covering our noses and mouths， we measured， drew，
and photographed with flashlights for several hours． When at last we came out to take a breath
of fresh air ， we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag ． We ourselves had been badly
bitten． Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of
my years hunting for ancient architecture ． " Liang wrote of the experience in an account
included in "Liang and Lin： Partners in Exploring China's Architectural Past．"
（1）On their way to the ancient buildings in 1930s， Liang and Lin faced following risks
EXCEPT ．
A． accommodations
B． personal security
C． road conditions
D． vehicles
（2）Liang and Lin raised public awareness of ．A． documenting smashed historical buildings
B． rebuilding historically valuable buildings
C． saving the oldest temples in China
D． protecting historical buildings
（3）While exploring the Temple of Buddha's Light， ．
A． Liang and Lin caught insects with awful smell
B． Liang and Lin were forbidden to breathe inside
C． Liang and Lin were pleased at something unhoped for
D． Liang and Lin determined its age by studying bedbugs' hideaway
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage？
A． Creativeness results in discovery
B． Difficulty produces achievement
C． Efforts contribute to happiness
D． Responsibilities make development
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Amazing scanning， now on your smartphone． Scan and share to email or the cloud ﹣
from virtually anywhere ． Ordering ink has never been easier ﹣ directly through the
app． Easily print photos and everyday documents directly from your smartphone or tablet．
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Get simple Wi﹣Fi® setup in minutes， and start printing fast．
Return & exchange information
HP ． com will accept returns or exchanges for this product up to 30 days after
delivery． A restocking fee may apply．
（1）Which statement is true of this type of printer？
A． It is a portable printer designed for home and office use．
B． It is a multi﹣function printer producing high﹣quality photos．
C． It is an easy﹣operation printer with a two﹣year free care pack．
D． It is a wireless﹣connected printer protected by modified containers．
（2）Which of the following words best describe its "ink container"？
A． Adaptable．
B． Automatic．
C． Cost﹣effective．
D． Eco﹣friendly．
（3）If you order this type of printer online today， ．
A． you will receive it tomorrow
B． you can return it without being charged
C． you can get a care pack on discount
D． you can save﹩80
19．（8 分）①Risk is something we face daily． However， some people are obviously more
willing to take risks than others．
②Biologists appear to have discovered a physical reason that explains why some people are
risk﹣takers．Dopamine is a neurotransmitter， a chemical that spreads signals between nerve cells． It is linked to the brains reward system and is the chemical that makes us feel good，
and scientists believe it to be linked to risk﹣taking． Our nerve cells have dopamine receptors
（接收器） which control the amount of dopamine that each cell receives． But not all
receptors may be active． When a person has few active receptors to control the amount of
dopamine that is received ， a cell can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of
happiness．
③Researchers at Vanderbilt University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine asked 34 men
and women to complete a questionnaire about their risk taking to assess whether they seek new
opportunities or are cautious in life． The results of the research were consistent with similar
studies carried out with rats， and had the same outcome． It concluded that people who are
risk﹣takers have fewer dopamine receptors than people who are not． This suggests that the
rush of pleasure a risk taker receives when a cell becomes flooded with dopamine can become
addictive for some people． They therefore pursue new and exciting activities in order to try to
repeat this feeling， and as a result their concern for risk becomes considerably reduced．
④Dopamine gives us a biological reason for risk﹣taking， but scientists believe there may
be psychological reasons too． Sensation﹣seeking is a personality characteristic that describes
the desire to find activities that bring us pleasure． In 1964， psychologist Marvin Zuckerman
created the sensation﹣seeking scale． His 40﹣item questionnaire， still used today， was
given to people who were active in seeking new activities， and to people who were more
satisfied with a quiet life． While risk﹣taking is not a characteristic in itself， it is very much
associated with sensation﹣seeking， as a high sensation﹣seeker does not evaluate risk in the
same way that a low sensation﹣seeker does． A desire to achieve pleasure means that there is
a greater willingness to take more risks．
⑤There are both biological and psychological explanations as to why some people may
choose to take
more risks than others． However， none of these explanations are definitive．
（1）If a person has fewer active dopamine receptors， ．
A． he is less likely to feel happy
B． he is more willing to take risksC． he will eventually become dopamine﹣addictive
D． he is poorer at controlling the amount of dopamine
（2）The underlined phrase "consistent with" is closest to " " in meaning．
A． contrary to
B． in agreement with
C． at the cost of
D． persistent in
（3）What can be concluded from paragraph 4？
A． The longing for pleasure may lead to risk taking．
B． A willingness to take more risks can be cultivated．
C． The sensation﹣seeking scale can help to evaluate risk．
D． High sensation﹣seekers are more common than low ones．
（4）This passage mainly talks about ．
A． when we learn to take risks
B． how risk﹣taking benefits us
C． what makes risk﹣takers
D． why we should take risks
Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence
given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more
sentences than you need.
20．（8 分）
A． Many options require city﹣level investment in new facilities．
B． However， it is not yet clear which technologies and fuels cities will back．
C． Through their actions， city governments today are helping to shape the cities of the future．
D． For example， London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero﹣emission capable
from 2018．
E ． City planners are using transport ﹣ oriented development to increase density while maintaining quality of life and property value．
F． Some cities， such as Delhi， are investing heavily in creating the mass transport systems
needed to
change how citizens travel．
Sustainable Transport in Cities
Transport has always shaped cities． In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming
market towns． Many North American cities were created for the car． But how are the cities
of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport？
Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined
transport， congestion charges and low emission zones， sustainable gaining and lifecycle
costing， and opening data up to companies and academics． And these city level policies can
move markets in more sustainable directions．（1） This has resulted in five vehicle
manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline， which is both in their own commercial
interests and good for the environment．
The least dense cities， for example， Houston， have per capita（人均的） carbon
emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest， such as Singapore． （2） This
involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center， as w ith the KL
Central area in Kuala Lumpur， built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia．
（3） Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to
choose more efficient﹣and often healthier﹣forms of transport． Copenhagen has a number of
progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave ， which allows people cycling at
20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour．
Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road
and rail vehicles more efficient． （4） The main options are hydrogen fuel cells，
fossil fuel hybrids， and electric vehicles， and the best solution may well vary from city to
city．
IV. Summary Writing
21．（15 分）Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point （ s ） of the passage in no more than 60 words ． Use your own words as far as
possible．
Online "friends" ﹣a threat to development
The impact of technology on the nature of our friendships has been a much﹣debate d topic
since the dramatic rise of social networks ． Advances in mobile technology and social
networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before． It is therefore not
surprising that so many psychologists ， sociologists ， and others are eager to give their
thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society．]
There is one element of social networking that is deeply worrying． We find ourselves in a
hyper﹣connected world where people access social media day and night， excited to make
announcements about the tiniest details of their lives． Research is starting to show that this
culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character． Professor Larry D． Rosen
says that young people who overuse social networking sites can become ineffective ，
aggressive， and display anti﹣social behavior in their offlin e lives． But perhaps an even
more disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing ﹣
empathy ． This is the emotion that allows us to see the world from our friends' points of
view ． Without it ， we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult
relationships．
Professor Sherry Turkle suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone． This
is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without
social media for 24 hours． Many admitted an addiction to their online social network； most
complained that they felt cut off from family and friends． And yet being alone is a time when
we self﹣reflect and get in touch with who we really are． It is only when we do this that we
can make meaningful friendships with others．
These potential changes in our characters are rather alarming， so it is clear that we can't
neglect those
negative impacts of social networks．
V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words
given in the brackets.
22．（2.5 分）这些安全措施仍将继续实施至下月初．（remain）
23．（2.5 分）完善自我是一个抽象的理想，无法激励一些学生真正对抗惰性．（incapable）
24．（2.5 分）由于缺乏受过专业训练的教师，一些美国学校很难加入汉语教学的竞
争．（shortage）
25．（2.5 分）如今，病人能很便捷地下载他们的医疗记录以获取诸如检测结果之类的信息，
大大节省了时间和 人力．（so…that）
VI. Guided Writing
26．（25 分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the
instructions given below in
Chinese．
假设你是李明，你校正在进行高三年级的课程微调，准备将周三下午的第四节课设置为"
艺术欣赏类课程（art appreciation）"或者"学科拓展类课程 （subject expansion）"，现广
泛征求高三同学的意见．请发一封邮件至校长信箱（邮件中请不要出现真实的校名和姓
名），你的邮件内容需包括：
（1）你建议校方设置以上两类课程中的哪一类；
（2）你的理由；
（3）你希望此类课程包含哪些内容．2020 年上海市黄浦区高考英语一模试卷
参考答案与试题解析
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections： In Section A， you will hear ten short
conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation， a question will be
asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once.
After you hear a conversation and the question about it， read the four possible answers
onyour paper， and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1．（1 分）A． In a cosmetics shop．
B． In a hospital．
C． In a nutrition department．
D． In a supermarket．
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
2．（1 分）A． Boss and s ecretary．
B． Editor and publisher．
C． Student and professor．
D． Writer and reader．
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
3．（1 分）A． Open a wedding company．
B． Try a new restaurant．
C． Run his own bakery．
D． Buy some insurance．
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略4．（1 分）A． The package is too big to deliver．
B． The delivery can be made automatically．
C． The woman will have lunch with the man．
D． The man can make the delivery tomorrow morning．
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
5．（1 分）A． He was most difficult to satisfy．
B． He set many special requirements．
C． He inspected the project regularly．
D． He was as common as other customers．
【分析】略
【解答】A
【点评】略
6．（1 分）A． An amazing book．
B． A great woman．
C． A scientific field．
D． A strong voice．
【分析】略
【解答】B
【点评】略
7．（1 分）A． He himself is a big fan of Hepburn．
B． He does not think the girl is like Hepburn．
C． He felt puzzled by girls' love for Hepburn．
D． He does not know anything about Hepburn．
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
8．（1 分）A． When to do mind﹣wandering．
B． Where to have physical activities．C． How to keep attentive in a lecture．
D． How to take notes in a lecture．
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
9．（1 分）A． Ordinary．
B． Practical．
C． Disturbing．
D． Unrealistic．
【分析】略
【解答】D
【点评】略
10．（1 分）A． Decorating the company．
B． Finishing a painting．
C． Preparing a presentation．
D． Restructuring the budget．
【分析】略
【解答】C
【点评】略
Section BDirections ： In Section B ， you will hear two short passages and one longer
conversation. After each passage or conversation， you will be asked several questions. The
passages and the conversation will be read twice， but the questions will be spoken only
once. When you hear a question， read the four possible answers on your paper and decide
which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
11．（4.5 分）（1）A． 2．
B． 11．
C． 21．
D． 30．
（2）A． A horse．
B． A dog．C． A pig．
D． A cat．
（3）A． More annoyed．
B． Less anxious．
C． More frightened．
D． Less shocked．
【分析】略
【解答】11﹣13ACB
【点评】略
12．（4.5 分）（1）A． Its clear aim．
B． Its evaluation process．
C． Its numerous applications．
D． Its solid foundation．
（2）A． In 1954．
B． In 2013．
C． In 2018．
D． In 2000．
（3）A． Its location and area．
B． The categories of its collections．
C． Its official WeChat account．
D． The visiting experience it offers．
【分析】略
【解答】14﹣16BCB
【点评】略
13．（6 分）（1）A． Consumer and gender．
B． Age groups and activities．
C． Sports and facilities．
D． Training time and trend．
（2）A． Cycling．
B． Jogging．C． Skiing．
D． Swimming．
（3）A． 18﹣26．
B． 27﹣35．
C． 36﹣45．
D． 46﹣55．
（4）A． To determine which item deserves priority．
B． To get ideas for a more appealing slogan design．
C． To know about teenagers' leisure sporting activities．
D． To see which age group is at the top of consumption capability．
【分析】略
【解答】17﹣20BBDA
【点评】略
II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in
the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a
given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other
blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.
14．（10 分）
Asleep on a plane： a case for window seats
I love to sleep on planes， and I have an unusual ability to sleep well on them． There have
even been one or two occasions （ 1 ） when I have fallen asleep before takeoff and
awakened upon the impact of landing， not having realized we had even left the ground． So
when （2） booking （book） my flights， I always choose the window seat whenever
possible． This allows me to lean my sleepy head against the wall of the plane for a bit （3）
more （much） comfort．
Some （4） may argue that the aisle （走廊） seat is superior for the leg space and the
ability to get
off swiftly and eye the snack cart． But in reality， we're all getting our drinks and snacks
（5） within / in seconds． Also， I find that if a person knows he's in a window seat，
he'll choose to use the bathroom before boarding so that he （6） won't need （not need） to disturb his neighbor， which is just considerate． And he'll seize the opportunity to get up
when another seatmate gets up so that the seatmate needn't （7） be bothered （bother）
more than once．
As a photographer and visually oriented person， the window seat gives me the best views
of cottony clouds， or a great sunset， or golden sunrise， etc． Most of all， （8） even
though/if I've been flying for years， I still get pleasure of seeing my departing city or
country （9） shrink / shrinking （shrink） into the distance， and the butterflies in my
stomach when I see the horizon of my destination come into view． And those feelings of
adventure and excitement are （10） what keep me coming back， flight after flight， to
my window seat．
【分析】本文讲述我坐飞机的感受，作为一个摄影师和视觉导向型的人，靠窗的座位能
让我看到最美的白云、日落、金色日出等等．我喜欢在飞机上睡觉，而且我有一种不同
寻常的能力在飞机上睡得很好．
【解答】1． when ，考查定语从句，先行词为 occasion，在定语从句中作时间状语，故
填 when 引导．
2． booking，考查现在分词，book 和句子主语之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词做状语，
故填 booking．
3． more，考查比较级，前面有修饰比较级的词，表示"更舒服一点"，所以用 more 构成
比较级．
4． may，考查情态动词，表示"可能"，后跟动词原形，故填情态动词 may．
5． within / in，考查介词，表示"在…之内"，后跟时间名词，故填 with 或 in．
6． won't need，考查时态，描述将来的事情，所以用一般将来时态，故填 won't need．
7． be bothered，考查语态，句子主语和 bother 之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，前面
有情态动词，故填 be bothered．
8． even though/if，考查连词，句意为"最重要的是，即使我已经飞了好几年了，我还是
很高兴看到我离开的城市或国家在远处变小"，表示"即使"，引导让步状语从句，故填 even
if 或 even though 引导．
9． shrink / shrinking，考查固定搭配，see sb doing 看见某人正在做，see sb do 看见某人
做了，用现在分词和动词原形作宾补都可以，故填 shrink / shrinking．
10． what，考查表语从句，在从句中做主语，表示"…的东西"，故填 what 引导．【点评】本题主要考查了用单词或短语的适当形式填空．做本题的关 键是在理解短文的
基础上，灵活运用所学的基础知识．本题考到的知识点有：固定的短语，词类的转换，
名词的复数形式，副词以及祈使句的用法等．因此，这就需要在平时的学习中，牢固掌
握各语言点及一些语法知识．
Section BDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each
word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
15．（10 分）
A． access B． arise C． attachment D． definitely E． partner F． potential
G． shape H． stimulated I．subconsciously J．traditional K． unbanked
Beyond Mobile Money： The Future of Asia's FinTech
Mobile money has been the hottest part in financial technology for the last few years． But
FinTech is more than just how people store money and transact（交易）﹣ the space is much
more horizontal， shortcutting how we create， share， and protect value．
The latest product of FinTech companies to （1） B in Asia Pacific illustrates the many
ways the space can help consumers beyond just their mobile wallet． It is important for all
businesspersons to be aware of these trends， as their success opens up all sorts of possibilities
for companies to （2） E with them． And， on a much deeper level， new FinTechs
may （3） G consumer expectations in even other tech industries．
The Smartphone Emerges as a Credit﹣Scoring Standard
With close to half a billion （4） K consumers in Southeast Asia alone， there is an
entire industry of FinTechs devoted to finding ways to accurately determine their credit ﹣
worthiness to give them （5） A to finance． Unfortunately， since they don't have bank
accounts， such FinTechs cannot rely on （6） J financial information or credit card
payments．
One credit scoring source emerging as a new standard in the field is smartphone﹣based
credit scoring． It has （7） H broad global support， including from the likes of the
World Bank． In one of its reports， the Asian Development Bank even stated that mobile data
was a key to financial （8） C ， as it could improve customer recording， and， in turn，
get an access to credit． AI Combines with the Wisdom of the Crowd
The most common slogan in today's tech headlines is the "artificial intelligence"． Readers
are fascinated with how AI has the （9） F to transform every consumer and enterprise
（企业） industry． While such focus is appropriate that AI will （10） D change the
world， it leaves out a crucial element that will go hand﹣in﹣hand with its rise： the wisdom
of the crowd．
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了亚洲金融科技的未来．在过去的几年里，移动
货币一直是金融技术中最热门的部分，但金融科技不仅仅是人们如何存储货币和交易．
【解答】1﹣5 BEGKA 6﹣10 JHCFD
1．B 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：亚太地区金融科技公司的最新产品表明，
除了手机钱包外，该领域还可以通过多种方式帮助消费者．arise 发生，产生；故选 B．
2．E 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：因为他们的成功为公司提供了各种合作
机会．partner 合作伙伴；故选 E．
3．G 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：新的 Fintech 可能会影响其他科技行业
的消费者预期．shape 形状；故选 G．
4．K 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：仅在东南亚，就有近 5 亿无银行客户，
unbanked 非银行的；故选 K．
5．A 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意： 整个金融科技行业致力于寻找方法，
准确地确定他们的信用价值 ，让他们获得融资．access 方法；故选 A．
6．J 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：此类金融科技公司不能依赖传统的财务
信息或信用卡支付．traditional 传统的；故选 J．
7．H 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：它刺激了包括世界银行在内的全球广泛
支持． stimulated 刺激；故选 H．
8．C 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：亚洲开发银行（Asian Development
Bank）在一份报告中甚至表示，移动数据是金融依恋的关键，因为它可以改善客户录制
并转为获取信贷．attachment 依恋；故选 C．
9． F 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意： 读者对人工智能如何有潜力改变每一
个消费者和企业"20225 年"、"19994 年"的行业感到着迷．potential；故选 F．
10．D 考查上下文理解以及推理判断能力．句意：虽然这样 的关注是恰当的，人工智能
肯定会改变世界"，但它遗漏了一个关键因素，这将与它的提高群众的智慧．definitely 确定；故选 D．
【点评】阅读填空题主要考查学生语言运用能力，可以理解为阅读理解题的另一种形
式．阅读填空题要求学生阅读后按照自己的理解进行填空，即用自己的语言来转述原文
内容，侧重于考查学生的阅读理解和写作能力．阅读填空题的能力要求在阅读理解题之
上、书面表达题之下．其选材主要是注意使用性的说明文和应用文．从形式上看，阅读
填空题是阅读理解题的一种形式，但实质上却属于信息收集整理和再创作的语言应用
题．
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passag，
there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word
or phrase that best fits the context.
16．（15 分）Endangered languages can be found throughout the world． Many languages now
have fewer than 100 or even fewer than 10 speakers． The crisis is not limited to remote regions
of the world． When Europeans first arrived in North America，312 different languages were
（1） C ， of which 123 are now known to be extinct． Of the （2） D languages，
most speakers are grandparents and great﹣grandparents．
Different researchers offer different definitions of "endangered"． The system of （3） B
used by the Catalogue of Endangered Languages evaluates languages in four areas： the （4）
C of all the speakers， how often the language is conveyed to the next （5） C ， the
rate at which it is losing speakers and the（6） C in which it is used． Based on this data，
languages are ranked on a six ﹣ point scale from "safe" to "severely endangered ． " The
midpoint， "endangered" refers to a language with between 100 and 1，000 speakers who
represent about half of the language's community or ethnic group．The language is spoken only
by some parents， of whom very few teach it to their children． It is （7） C used at home
and is not taught in schools or used for government business．
Languages become endangered due to a number of （ 8 ） D factors including
globalization， economics， technology， education policy， and changes in （9） A
attitudes． As the forces of globalization make the world more interconnected， previously
（10） C language communities come under pressure to participate in a larger economy，
which means learning the area's majority language． （11） C ，local schools often begin
to teach the majority language instead of the local tongue．Local languages also （12） D as communities adopt mobile phones and computers， most of which run on software that has
been translated into only a handful of languages． This trend （13） C as these devices
connect users to the Internet． At this point， many communities undergo a cultural （14）
C in which parents no longer value the language enough to teach it to their children．
Initiatives to （15） C endangered languages have become more numerous in recent
years． These efforts tend to focus on two main areas： the documentation of endangered
languages， and efforts to increase the use of endangered languages among younger speakers
and in the community at large．
（1）A． at hand B． at risk C． in use D． in view
（2）A． ancient B． evolving C． local D． surviving
（3）A． assessment B． classification C． description D． research
（4）A． age B． background C． number D． religion
（5）A． committee B． century C． generation D． government
（6）A． content B． occupations C． situations D． themes
（7）A． advisedly B． efficiently C． primarily D． rarely
（8）A． balancing B． complicating C． historical D． interrelated
（9）A． cultural B． mental C． moral D． religious
（10）A． foreign B． informal C． isolated D． national
（11）A． For example B． In contrast C． In response D． Vice versa
（12）A． boom B． develop C． disappear D． suffer
（13）A． c eases B． changes C． increases D． starts
（14）A． difference B． influence C． shift D． variety（15）A． enrich B． purify C． refresh D． standardize
【分析】本文主要讲的是世界各地都有濒危语言，并且分析了原因．
【解答】1﹣5 CDBCC 6﹣10 CCDAC 11﹣15 CDCCC
1． C．考查短语．at hand 在手头上；at risk 处境危险；in use 在使用；in view 在视野
中，此处表示"312 种不同的语言在使用"，因此选 C．
2． D．考查形容词．ancient 古代的；evolving 进化的；local 当地的；surviving 幸存
的，此处表示"在幸存下来的语言中"，因此选 D．
3． B．考查名词．assessment 评估；classification 分类；description 描述；research 研
究，此处表示"濒危语言目录的分类体系对四个地区的语言进行评价"，因此选 B．
4． C．考查名词．age 年龄；background 背景；number 数字；religion 宗教，此处表
示"所有说话者的数量"，因此选 C．
5． C．考查名词．committee 委员会；century 世纪；generation 一代；government 政
府，此处表示"这种语言被传达给下一代的频率"，因此选 C．
6． C．考查名词．content 内容；occupation 职业；situation 情况，形势；theme 主题，
此处表示"失去发言人的速度和使用情况"，因此选 C．
7． C．考查副词．advisedly 谨慎地；efficiently 高效地；primarily 主要地；rarely 几乎
不，此处表示"它主要在家里使用，不在学校教授，也不用于政府事务"，因此选 C．
8． D．考查动词．balance 平衡；complicate 使复杂；historical 历史的；interrelated 相
互关联的，此处表示"由于全球化、经济、技术、教育政策和文化态度的变化等诸多相互
关联的因素，语言变得岌岌可危．"，因此选 D．
9． A．考查形容词．cultural 文化的；mental 精神的；moral 道德的；religious 宗教的，
此处表示"由于全球化、经济、技术、教育政策和文化态度的变化等诸多相互关联的因素，
语言变得岌岌可危．"，因此选 A．
10． C．考查形容词．foreign 外国的；informal 非正式的；isolated 隔离的；national
国际的，此处表示"随着全球化的力量使世界更加相互联系，以前孤立的语言社区面临着
参与更大经济的压力，这意味着学习该地区的大多数语言．"，因此选 C．
11． C．考查短语．for example 例如；in contrast 作为对比；in response 作为回应；vice
versa 反之亦然，此处表示"作为回应，当地学校通常开始教授大多数语言而不是当地语
言"，因此选 C．12． D．考查动词．boom 繁荣；develop 发展；disappear 消失；suffer 遭受，此处表
示"随着社区采用手机和电脑，当地语言也受到影响"，因此选 D．
13． C．考查动词．cease 停止；change 改变；increase 增加；start 开始，此处表示"随
着这些设备将用户连接到 Internet，这一趋势也在增加"，因此选 C．
14． C．考查名词．difference 不同之处；influence 影响；shift 转移；variety 多样化，
此处表示"在这一点上，许多社区正在经历一种文化转变，在这种转变中，家长不再重视
语言，不足以将其传授给孩子．"，因此选 C．
15． C．考查动词．enrich 丰富；purify 使纯净；refresh 刷新；standardize 标准化，此
处表示"近年来，更新濒危语言的举措越来越多"，因此选 C．
【点评】本题是完形填空．完形填空注重考查考生整体把握文意的能力，做题时首先要
通读全文，了解大意，在此基础上要结合上下文语境以及一些语言和语法知识做出正确
的选择．
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several
questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B，
C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you
have read.
17．（8 分）Many of China's ancient architectural treasures smashed to dust before Lin Huiyin
and Liang Sicheng began documenting them in the 1930s． The husband and wife team were
among the first preservationists to operate in China， and by far the best known． Their efforts
have since inspired generations of people to speak out for architecture threatened by the rush
toward development．
Becoming China's best architectural historians was no easy accomplishment． The buildings
they wanted to save were centuries old， located in distant parts of the country． In many cases，
they had to journey through dangerous conditions in the Chinese countryside to reach
them． Exploring China's remote areas during the 1930s meant traveling muddy， poorly
maintained roads by mule （ 骡 子 ） or on foot ． Inns were often dirty ， food could be
polluted， and there was always risk of violence from rebels， soldiers and robbers．
Their greatest discovery was the Temple of Buddha's Light， in Wutai County， Shanxi
Province． The
breathtaking wooden temple was built in 857 A．D．， making it the oldest building known in China at the time．
Liang and Lin crawled into the temple's most forbidding， forgotten areas to determine its
age ， including one hideaway inhabited by thousands of bats and millions of bedbugs ，
covered in dust and littered with dead bats ． "In complete darkness and among the awful
smell， hardly breathing， with thick masks covering our noses and mouths， we measured，
drew， and photographed with flashlights for several hours． When at last we came out to take
a breath of fresh air， we found hundreds of bedbugs in our bag． We ourselves had been badly
bitten． Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made those the happiest hours of
my years hunting for ancient architecture ． " Liang wrote of the experience in an account
included in "Liang and Lin： Partners in Exploring China's Architectural Past．"
（1）On their way to the ancient buildings in 1930s， Liang and Lin faced following risks
EXCEPT D ．
A． accommodations
B． personal security
C． road conditions
D． vehicles
（2）Liang and Lin raised public awareness of D ．
A． documenting smashed historical buildings
B． rebuilding historically valuable buildings
C． saving the oldest temples in China
D． protecting historical buildings
（3）While exploring the Temple of Buddha's Light， C ．
A． Liang and Lin caught insects with awful smell
B． Liang and Lin were forbidden to breathe inside
C． Liang and Lin were pleased at something unhoped for
D． Liang and Lin determined its age by studying bedbugs' hideaway
（4）Which of the following is the best title for the passage？ B
A． Creativeness results in discovery
B． Difficulty produces achievementC． Efforts contribute to happiness
D． Responsibilities make development
【分析】从 1930 年到 1945 年，梁思成林徽因夫妇二人共同走过中国的 15 个省，190 多
个县，考察测绘了 2738 处古建筑物，很多古建筑就是通过他们的考察得到了世界、全国
的认识，从此加以保护，比如山西的应县木塔、五台山佛光寺等．他们共同开创了运用
西方建筑理论研究中国古代建筑的先河，在中国建筑史上写下了浓墨重彩的一笔．
【解答】1．D．细节理解题．根据第二段 Exploring China's remote areas during the 1930s
meant traveling muddy， poorly maintained roads by mule（骡子）or on foot． Inns were
often dirty， food could be polluted， and there was always risk of violence from rebels，
soldiers and robbers．在 1930 年代探索中国的偏远地区，意味着要通过骡子或步行来行驶
泥泞，维护不善的道路．旅馆经常很脏，食物可能被污染，叛乱分子，士兵和强盗总是
有遭受暴力侵害的危险．可知，在 1930 年代前往古建筑的途中，梁和林面临着以下困难：
住宿；人身安全；路况．不包括交通工具．故选 D．
2．D．细节理解题．根据第一段 Their efforts have since inspired generations of people to
speak out for architecture threatened by the rush toward development．自那以后，他们的努力
激发了一代又一代人为受发展热潮威胁的建筑大声疾呼．可知，梁和林提高了公众对历
史建筑的保护意识．故选 D．
3．C．细节理解题．根据最后一段 Yet the importance and unexpectedness of our find made
those the happiest hours of my years hunting for ancient architecture．但是我们发现的重要性
和意料之外的事情使那些年成为我寻找古代建筑的最快乐时光．可知，在探索佛光寺时，
梁和林对未曾期望的事情感到高兴．故选 C．
4．B．主旨大意题．阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了梁思成林徽因夫妇
二人共同走过中国的 15 个省，190 多个县，考察测绘了 2738 处古建筑物，很多古建筑就
是通过他们的考察得到了世界、全国的认识，从此加以保护，比如山西的应县木塔、五
台山佛光寺等．他们共同开创了运用西方建筑理论研究中国古代建筑的先河，在中国建
筑史上写下了浓墨重彩的一笔．B．困难中产生的成就．故选 B．
【点评】在做说明类的阅读文章时可以先通读全文，明白文章所描述的中心内容是什么，
再结合题干要求，带着问题去读文章会更节省时间，也能做到针对性更强一些，尤其是
最后的标题归纳题，一定要有针对性和概括性．
18 ． （ 6 分 ） Get true﹣to﹣life photos and increased adaptability． Produce true colors， and set up，
connect， and print right from your mobile device． Go from memory card to photo printout
with ease．
HP Photo and Document All﹣in﹣One Printers are designed for families and other home
users who want a device capable of printing everything from documents， emails and web
pages to rich， bright lab﹣quality photos﹣with copy and scan tools too．
Active security enabled printer． Intended to be used with containers using only HP original
electronic electrical system． Containers with modified or non﹣HP electronic circuitry may
not work， and those that work today may not work in the future．
Twice as many photos
Print up to twice as many pages with Original HP high﹣yield ink containers． HP 64 ink
containers deliver true colors so all your prints will shine． Create splendid borderless photos
and leaflets﹣right in your home．
The power of your printer in your hand Printing photos just got easier ﹣ from social media， the cloud， and your camera﹣roll
gallery．
Amazing scanning， now on your smartphone． Scan and share to email or the cloud ﹣
from virtually anywhere ． Ordering ink has never been easier ﹣ directly through the
app． Easily print photos and everyday documents directly from your smartphone or tablet．
A new level of wireless connectivity you can count on
Get simple Wi﹣Fi® setup in minutes， and start printing fast．
Return & exchange information
HP ． com will accept returns or exchanges for this product up to 30 days after
delivery． A restocking fee may apply．
（1）Which statement is true of this type of printer？ B
A． It is a portable printer designed for home and office use．
B． It is a multi﹣function printer producing high﹣quality photos．
C． It is an easy﹣operation printer with a two﹣year free care pack．
D． It is a wireless﹣connected printer protected by modified containers．
（2）Which of the following words best describe its "ink container"？ C
A． Adaptable．
B． Automatic．
C． Cost﹣effective．
D． Eco﹣friendly．
（3）If you order this type of printer online today， D ．
A． you will receive it tomorrow
B． you can return it without being charged
C． you can get a care pack on discount
D． you can save﹩80
【分析】本文章主要向读者介绍了一款多功能的打印机，并对该打印机的特点以及使用
注意进行了说明．
【解答】1．B．细节理解题．根据文章第二段，HP Photo and Document All﹣in﹣One Printers
are designed for families and other home users who want a device capable of printing everything from documents， emails and web pages to rich， bright lab﹣quality photos﹣
with copy and scan tools too．HP 照片和文档一体打印机是专为家庭和其他家庭用户设计
的，他们希望有一台设备能够打印从文档、电子邮件和网页到丰富、明亮的实验室级照
片，还可以使用复制和扫描工具．可知，这是一台可以打印高质量照片的多功能打印机，
结合选项，故选 B．
2．C．推理判断题．根据文章 Print up to twice as many pages with Original HP high﹣yield
ink containers． HP 64 ink containers deliver true colors so all your prints will shine．使用 HP
原装高产量墨水容器打印最多两倍的页面．HP 64 墨水容器提供真实的颜色，因此所有
打印出来的东西都会发光．可知，ink container 是非常经济划算的，是具有成本效益
的．结合选项，故选 C．
3．D．细节理解题．根据文章原价 179.99 美元，现价是 99.99 美元．可知，今日在网上
下单的话，可以节省 80 美元，结合选项，故选 D．
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针
对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住
关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有
据．
19．（8 分）①Risk is something we face daily． However， some people are obviously more
willing to take risks than others．
②Biologists appear to have discovered a physical reason that explains why some people are
risk﹣takers．Dopamine is a neurotransmitter， a chemical that spreads signals between nerve
cells． It is linked to the brains reward system and is the chemical that makes us feel good，
and scientists believe it to be linked to risk﹣taking． Our nerve cells have dopamine receptors
（接收器） which control the amount of dopamine that each cell receives． But not all
receptors may be active． When a person has few active receptors to control the amount of
dopamine that is received ， a cell can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of
happiness．
③Researchers at Vanderbilt University and Albert Einstein College of Medicine asked 34 men
and women to complete a questionnaire about their risk taking to assess whether they seek new
opportunities or are cautious in life． The results of the research were consistent with similar
studies carried out with rats， and had the same outcome． It concluded that people who are risk﹣takers have fewer dopamine receptors than people who are not． This suggests that the
rush of pleasure a risk taker receives when a cell becomes flooded with dopamine can become
addictive for some people． They therefore pursue new and exciting activities in order to try to
repeat this feeling， and as a result their concern for risk becomes considerably reduced．
④Dopamine gives us a biological reason for risk﹣taking， but scientists believe there may
be psychological reasons too． Sensation﹣seeking is a personality characteristic that describes
the desire to find activities that bring us pleasure． In 1964， psychologist Marvin Zuckerman
created the sensation﹣seeking scale． His 40﹣item questionnaire， still used today， was
given to people who were active in seeking new activities， and to people who were more
satisfied with a quiet life． While risk﹣taking is not a characteristic in itself， it is very much
associated with sensation﹣seeking， as a high sensation﹣seeker does not evaluate risk in the
same way that a low sensation﹣seeker does． A desire to achieve pleasure means that there is
a greater willingness to take more risks．
⑤There are both biological and psychological explanations as to why some people may
choose to take
more risks than others． However， none of these explanations are definitive．
（1）If a person has fewer active dopamine receptors， B ．
A． he is less likely to feel happy
B． he is more willing to take risks
C． he will eventually become dopamine﹣addictive
D． he is poorer at controlling the amount of dopamine
（2）The underlined phrase "consistent with" is closest to " B " in meaning．
A． contrary to
B． in agreement with
C． at the cost of
D． persistent in
（3）What can be concluded from paragraph 4？ A
A． The longing for pleasure may lead to risk taking．
B． A willingness to take more risks can be cultivated．C． The sensation﹣seeking scale can help to evaluate risk．
D． High sensation﹣seekers are more common than low ones．
（4）This passage mainly talks about C ．
A． when we learn to take risks[
B． how risk﹣taking benefits us
C． what makes risk﹣takers
D． why we should take risks
【分析】本文介绍很多人喜欢冒险，那么是什么导致人们喜欢冒险，文章给出了解释．
【解答】1．B．细节理解题，根据文章第二段的句子 It is linked to the brains reward system
and is the chemical that makes us feel good， and scientists believe it to be linked to risk﹣
taking 它与大脑奖赏系统有关，是让我们感觉良好的化学物质，科学家认为它与冒险行为
有关，和 When a person has few active receptors to control the amount of dopamine that is
received， a cell can become flooded resulting in an extreme feeling of happiness．当一个人
很少有主动受体来控制多巴胺的接收量时，一个细胞就会被淹没，导致极度的幸福感．可
知，如果一个人的多巴胺受体较少，他就更愿意冒险．故选 B．
2．B．词义猜测题，根据文章第三段的句子 The results of the research were consistent with
similar studies carried out with rats， and had the same outcome．研究结果与对大鼠进行的
类似研究一致，且结果相同．可知， "consistent with" 意为"和…一致"．故选 B．
3．A．细节理解题．根据文章倒数第二段的句子 A desire to achieve pleasure means that there
is a greater willingness to take more risks．可知，从第 4 段可以得出的结论是，对快乐的渴
望可能导致冒险．故选 A．
4．C．主旨大意题，根据文章第二段的句子 Biologists appear to have discovered a physical
reason that explains why some people are risk﹣takers．可知，文章主要介绍什么造就了冒
险者．故选 C．
【点评】做这类题材阅读理解时要求考生对文章通读一遍，做题时结合原文和题目有针
对性的找出相关语句进行仔细分析，结合选项选出正确答案．推理判断题也是要在抓住
关键句子的基础上合理的分析才能得出正确答案，切忌胡乱猜测，一定要做到有理有
据．
Section CDirections： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence
given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
20．（8 分）
A． Many options require city﹣level investment in new facilities．
B． However， it is not yet clear which technologies and fuels cities will back．
C． Through their actions， city governments today are helping to shape the cities of the future．
D． For example， London is requiring all newly licensed taxis to be zero﹣emission capable
from 2018．
E ． City planners are using transport ﹣ oriented development to increase density while
maintaining quality of life and property value．
F． Some cities， such as Delhi， are investing heavily in creating the mass transport systems
needed to
change how citizens travel．
Sustainable Transport in Cities
Transport has always shaped cities． In Medieval times crossroads gave birth to blooming
market towns． Many North American cities were created for the car． But how are the cities
of today being shaped by a need for more sustainable transport？
Many local governments are speeding up change through policy initiatives such as joined
transport， congestion charges and low emission zones， sustainable gaining and lifecycle
costing， and opening data up to companies and academics． And these city level policies can
move markets in more sustainable directions．（1） D This has resulted in five vehicle
manufacturers committing to meeting that deadline， which is both in their own commercial
interests and good for the environment．
The least dense cities， for example， Houston， have per capita（人均的） carbon
emissions nearly ten times higher than the densest， such as Singapore． （2） E This
involves gathering mixed use developments around a key transport center， as with the KL
Central area in Kuala Lumpur， built around the largest railway station in Southeast Asia． （3） F Others are using motivations and behavioural change to encourage people to
choose more efficient﹣and often healthier﹣forms of transport． Copenhagen has a number of
progressive cycling policies including the Green Wave ， which allows people cycling at
20km/h to hit all green lights during rush hour．
Light weighting and new engine and fuel technologies are helping to make existing road
and rail vehicles more efficient． （4） B The main options are hydrogen fuel cells，
fossil fuel hybrids， and electric vehicles， and the best solution may well vary from city to
city．
【分析】交通一直塑造着城市．中世纪，十字路口催生了蓬勃发展的集镇．许多北美城
市都是为汽车而创建的．但是，如今的城市要被更可持续的交通需求所塑造，许多地方
政府正通过政策举措加快变革．
【解答】1．D．考查上下句的联系．根据上句 And these city level policies can move markets
in more sustainable directions 表示"而这些城市级政策可以使市场朝着更可持续的方向发
展"可知表示"例如，伦敦要求所有新许可的出租车能够从零排放到 2018．"的选项 D 符合
上下文的逻辑关系，所以答案是 D．
2．E．考查上下句的联系．根据后句 This involves gathering mixed use developments around
a key transport center， as with the KL Central area in Kuala Lumpur， built around the
largest railway station in Southeast Asia．表示"这涉及到在一个关键的交通中心周围聚集多
用途开发项目，如吉隆坡的吉隆坡中央区，该中心建在年最大的火车站周围东南亚．"可
知表示"城市规划者正在利用以交通为导向的发展来增加密度，同时保持生活质量和财产
价值"的选项 E 符合上下文的逻辑关系，所以答案是 E．
3．F．考查上下句的联系．根据后句 Others are using motivations and behavioural change to
encourage people to choose more efficient﹣and often healthier﹣forms of transport 表示"其
他人正在利用动机和行为改变来鼓励人们选择更高效、更健康的交通方式"可知表示" 一
些城市，如德里，正在投入巨资建立必要的大众交通系统"的选项 F 符合上下文的逻辑关
系，所以答案是 F．
4．B．考查上下句的联系．根据后句 The main options are hydrogen fuel cells， fossil fuel
hybrids， and electric vehicles， and the best solution may well vary from city to city．表示"
主要的选择是氢燃料电池、化石燃料混合动力车和电动车辆，并且最好的解决方案可能
在城市和城市之间有所不同"可知表示"然而，目前还不清楚哪些技术和燃料城市会回归．"的选项 B 符合上下文的逻辑关系，所以答案是 B．
【点评】七选五阅读是完成性阅读，和完形填空很类似，不同的是一个选词，一个选句
子．解题时，要注意上下文语境，充分考虑信息词（选项中和空格前后句子中相同或相
近的词），选出最符合语境的句子．
IV. Summary Writing
21．（15 分）Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main
point （ s ） of the passage in no more than 60 words ． Use your own words as far as
possible．
Online "friends" ﹣a threat to development
The impact of technology on the nature of our friendships has been a much﹣debated topic
since the dramatic rise of social networks ． Advances in mobile technology and social
networking websites mean we spend more time online than ever before． It is therefore not
surprising that so many psychologists ， sociologists ， and others are eager to give their
thoughts on how this is impacting negatively on our society．
There is one element of social networking that is deeply worrying． We find ourselves in a
hyper﹣connected world where people access social media day and night， excited to make
announcements about the tiniest details of their lives． Research is starting to show that this
culture is negatively affecting not our friendships but our character． Professor Larry D． Rosen
says that young people who overuse social networking sites can become ineffective ，
aggressive， and display anti﹣social behavior in their offline lives． But perhaps an even more
disturbing effect is that one of our most basic emotions seems to be disappearing ﹣
empathy ． This is the emotion that allows us to see the world from our friends' points of
view ． Without it ， we are far less able to connect and form meaningful adult
relationships．
Professor Sherry Turkle suggests that people are no longer comfortable being alone． This
is something confirmed by a study where 200 university students were asked to go without
social media for 24 hours． Many admitted an addiction to their online social network； most
complained that they felt cut off from family and friends． And yet being alone is a time when
we self﹣reflect and get in touch with who we really are． It is only when we do this that we
can make meaningful friendships with others． These potential changes in our characters are rather alarming， so it is clear that we can't
neglect those
negative impacts of social networks．
【分析】高分句型：
1．As young people are crazy about sharing life moments online， they may develop bad
characters and lose empathy．
年轻人痴迷于在网上分享自己的生活，或许会养成不良的品德或失去同情心．
本句中 as 引导原因状语从句．
2．Besides， people can't bear being alone， the lack of which makes them unable to self﹣
reflect．
人们不能忍受孤独，因此会导致他们不能自我反省．
本句为 of which 引导一个非限制性定语从句．
【 解 答 】 There is an in creasing concern about social networks' negative impact on our
society． （人们越来越担心社交网络对我们社会的负面影响）As young people are crazy
about sharing life moments online， they may develop bad characters and lose empathy．（高
分句型一） （年轻人痴迷于在网上分享自己的生活，或许会养成不良的品德或失去同情
心）Besides， people can't bear being alone， the lack of which makes them unable to self﹣
reflect．（高分句型二） So we should pay attention to those impacts． （人们不能忍受孤独，
因此会导致他们不能自我反省，因此我们要注意这些影响）
【点评】英语写作是一项主观性较强的测试题．它不仅考查学生的写作基础而且还考查
学生在写作过程中综合运用语言的能力．在撰写时要注意主谓语一致，时态呼应，用词
贴切等．要提高英语写作水平，需要两方面的训练：一是语言基础方面的训练，要有扎
实的造句、翻译等基本功，即用词法、句法等知识造出正确无误的句子；二是写作知识
和能力 方面的训练以掌握写作方面的基本方法和技巧．
V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words
given in the brackets.
22．（2.5 分）这些安全措施仍将继续实施至下月初．（remain）
These security measures will remain in effect until the beginning of next month．
【分析】这些安全措施仍将继续实施至下月初．
【解答】答案：These security measures will remain in effect until the beginning of next month．考查汉译英．1． 因指的是将来的情况，要用一般将来时；2． in effect 实际上；
正在实行；有效．
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地
理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．
23．（2.5 分）完善自我是一个抽象的理想，无法激励一些学生真正对抗惰性．（incapable）
Self﹣perfection is an abstract ideal， incapable of motivating some students to actually
struggle against laziness．
【分析】完善自我是一个抽象的理想，无法激励一些学生真正对抗惰性．
【解答】答案：Self﹣perfection is an abstract ideal， incapable of motivating some students to
actually struggle against laziness．考查汉译英．1．因指的是一般事实，要用一般现在时；
2． incapable of 无能力的（不能的），是形容词短语作状语；3． struggle against 同 …作
斗争．
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地
理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．
24．（2.5 分）由于缺乏受过专业训练的教师，一些美国学校很难加入汉语教学的竞
争．（shortage）
A shortage of professionally trained teachers has made it difficult for some American
schools to join the competition in Chinese language teaching．/It is difficult for some American
schools to join the competition in Chinese language teaching because of a shortage of
professionally trained teachers
【分析】由于缺乏受过专业训练的教师，一些美国学校很难加入汉语教学的竞争．
【解答】答案：A shortage of professionally trained teachers has made it difficult for some
American schools to join the competition in Chinese language teaching．/It is difficult for some
American schools to join the competition in Chinese language teaching because of a shortage
of professionally trained teachers．考查汉译英．1． A shortage of professionally trained
teachers has made it difficult for some American schools to join the competition in Chinese
language teaching．强调对现在造成的结果，用现在完成时；it 是形式宾语，真正的宾语
是动词不定式短语 to join the competition in Chinese language teaching；2．It is difficult for
some American schools to join the competition in Chinese language teaching because of a
shortage of professionally trained teachers．指的是现在的情况，要用一般现在时；it 是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式短语 to join the competition in Chinese language teaching；
because of 因为．
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地
理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．
25．（2.5 分）如今，病人能很便捷地下载他们的医疗记录以获取诸如检测结果之类的信息，
大大节省了时间和 人力．（so…that）
Nowadays， it is so convenient for patients to download their medical records to access
information such as the test results that they will save a lot of time and labor．
【分析】如今，病人能很便捷地下载他们的医疗记录以获取诸如检测结果之类的信息，
大大节省了时间和 人力．
【解答】答案：Nowadays， it is so convenient for patients to download their medical records
to access information such as the test results that they will save a lot of time and labor．考查汉
译英．1．因指的现在的情况，主从句都用一般现在时；2． so…that…意为"如此/这
么……以致于……"，句型中的 so 是副词，常常用来修饰形容词或副词，常用句型为：
主语+谓语+so+adj． / adv． + that 从句；3． such as 例如；诸如；a lot of 许多．
【点评】考查汉译英，注意英汉之间的差异，英语与汉语之间的一些特殊表达，准确地
理解句子、翻译句子，然后根据句意及提示完成句子，使句意更通顺．
VI. Guided Writing
26．（25 分）Directions： Write an English composition in 120﹣150 words according to the
instructions given below in
Chinese．
假设你是李明，你校正在进行高三年级的课程微调，准备将周三下午的第四节课设置为"
艺术欣赏类课程（art appreciation）"或者"学科拓展类课程 （subject expansion）"，现广
泛征求高三同学的意见．请发一封邮件至校长信箱（邮件中请不要出现真实的校名和姓
名），你的邮件内容需包括：
（1）你建议校方设置以上两类课程中的哪一类；
（2）你的理由；
（3）你希望此类课程包含哪些内容．
【分析】高分句型一：It is relaxing for them to appreciate arts．
译文：欣赏艺术是令人放松的．分析：使用 it 是形式主语，不定式作主语．
高分句型二：I suggest curriculum should play musical instruments or just listen to some songs．
译文：我建议课程应该演奏乐器或只是听一些歌曲．
分析：suggest 后面接虚拟语气．
【解答】Dear Headmaster，
As we know， we are adjusting curriculum in senior three． We are going to set the fourth
class on Wednesday afternoon as "art appreciation" or "subject expansion"． Now you are
widely asking for the opinions of senior three students． （建议课程）
I prefer to set art appreciation． For one thing， lots of students are suffering from the stress
of studying． It is relaxing for them to appreciate arts． 【高分句型一】For another， learning
about art is a good way of promoting students' understanding of surroundings．Besides， it can
make life colorful．（你的理由）
I suggest curriculum should play musical instruments or just listen to some songs．【高分句型
二】 （你希望此类课程包含哪些内容）
Yours，
Li Hua
【点评】写作中，要注意 抓住提示的信息，并注意进行适当发挥． 表达中要注意确定
句子的时态与语态，注 意句式结构的正确和变化多样，适当运用 短语、并列句、复合
句、介词短语和副词 等，以使文章饱满．
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