北京市东城区2020届高三上学期期末考试英语试题（Word版带解析）.doc

东城区 2019-2020 学年第一学期期末教学检测 高三英语 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分） 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Christmas was near. I walked away from my school and followed the worn path through the trees onto the street ___1___ Cole’s grocery store stood. In my pocket was a collection of coins and bills I ___2___ (earn) the summer before. Cars ran down the street as I opened the door to the store. The noise of the cars disappeared when the door closed ___3___ me. I was a kid who felt out of place and on a mission. For the first time, I was going to buy a Christmas gift for my mum and dad. 【答案】1. where 2. had earned 3. behind / after 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述自己为父母买圣诞节礼物的事。 【1 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我从学校离开，沿着两旁有树的老路来到 Cole 的杂货店所在的那条 街。根据句子结构，这里是定语从句，修饰先行词 street，先行词在定语从句中作地点状语， 故填 where。 【2 题详解】 考查时态。句意：我口袋里是我夏天前赚的一些硬币和纸币。根据上下文，圣诞节即将来临， 我在本文开头所做的一些事都是用的一般现在时，这里讲夏天前攒的钱，是过去的过去，要 用过去完成时。故填 had earned。 【3 题详解】 考查副词。句意：当门在我后面关上时，（外面）车的噪音消失了。根据上下文，作者到商 店去，打开门进去后，门在后面关上了。故填 behind / after。【点睛】解语法填空，主要是结合上下文意思，或者句子结构，来确定所填的内容。比如第 一题，根据上下文的意思，以及句子结构确定这里是定语从句，然后找到先行词 street，先 行词在定语从句中作地点状语，故填 where。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 According to a recent study, dolphins have displayed certain characteristics of human conversation in their communication. Two dolphins, Yana and Yasha, ___4___ (study) as they communicated with each other. Researchers found that they would stop talking in order to listen to ___5___ the other had to “say”, just like a conversation between two humans. Dolphins have been known to be one of the most intelligent ___6___ (animal). We have studied dolphins for decades, but this new evidence on their communication patterns is one of the most exciting. 【答案】4. were studied 5. what 6. animals 【解析】 这是一篇说明文， 主要讲了海豚间的交流跟人的交流有一些类似。 【4 题详解】 考查被动语态。句意：研究者们在两只海豚 Yana 和 Yasha 互相交流的时候，对他们进行了 研究。结合上文，根据最近的一项研究，海豚的交流里有一些人类的交流特色。所以研究人 员研究了两只海豚，即两只海豚被研究。研究已经完成，是过去的事，所以用一般过去时的 被动语态，因为主语是两只海豚，所以还要用复数。故填 were studied。 【5 题详解】 考查宾语从句。句意：研究者发现，他们会停止说话，为了倾听另一方说什么，就像两个人 之间的交流一样。根据句子结构，这里是 listen to 的宾语从句，宾语从句中缺少动词 say 的 宾语，故填 what。 【6 题详解】 考查名词。句意：海豚一直是众所周知的最聪明的动物之一。one of…意为…之一，后面的 形容词或副词用最高级，名词用复数形式，故填 animals。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes is a world heritage (遗产) site ___7___ (locate) in Gansu Province, Northwest China. In 2016, the first phase of Digital Dunhuang resource database went online. Now people from all over the world can enjoy high-definition images and panoramic (全景 的) tours of 30 caves on the Digital Dunhuang website. Digital Dunhuang ___8___ (integrate) all kinds of data, including videos, 3D data, pictures and others, into digital images that can be shared globally over the Internet, Although the Digital Dunhuang project has a long way ___9___ (go), it has significant meaning to ___10___ (culture) heritage protection. 【答案】7. located 8. integrates 9. to go 10. cultural 【解析】 本文是说明文，主要概述了敦煌莫高窟的全景漫游。 【7 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：敦煌莫高窟是位于中国西北部甘肃省的世界遗产。根据句子结构， 这里是作定语，修饰世界遗产，locate 跟世界遗产是被动关系，所以要用过去分词，故填 located。 【8 题详解】 考查时态。句意：数字敦煌将各种各样的数据，包括视频，3D 数据，图片和其他数据，合 并为可以通过网络全球共享的数字影像。分析句子结构，同时结合上下文，这里的 integrate 是谓语动词，需要用一般现在时，故填 integrates。 【9 题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然数字敦煌还有很长的路要走，但是它对文化遗产的保护有着重 要的意义。分析句子结构得知，这里是作 way 的定语，而且表示动作尚未发生，所以要用 动词不定式，而且，have a long way to go 意为有很长的路要走，符合题意，故填 to go。 【10 题详解】 考查形容词。句意：虽然数字敦煌还有很长的路要走，但是它对文化遗产的保护有着重要的 意义。这里是作遗产的定语，修饰名词需要用形容词，故填 cultural。 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最 佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Colleen and her husband were part of a group walking the Overland Track. It was the fifth day of a 6-day walk. The guide, who was waiting for them at the nearest camp, had ___11___ them about the slippery and potentially dangerous conditions. Colleen, an experienced adventurer from Sydney, was a naturally ___12___ walker. She walked in front of her husband and carefully checked the safety of the track when they were going down a steep slope (陡坡). Suddenly she heard a cracking sound from ___13___. “When I realized what was happening, I was ___14___ to a deep ditch (沟壑), my pack on my back.” Colleen’s fall was only ___15___ by the presence of a branch that stretched across the ditch and ___16___ her from a fall that could otherwise have been deadly. Colleen hit her head badly and went into ___17___. She soon woke up and turned around to see her husband sitting stunned on the side of the track. He had ___18___ fallen from the top. He had first slipped above Colleen, and his full weight, with his pack, ___19___ down on top of her. He was uninjured, and Colleen was suspended on the branch. He ___20___ out to grab Colleen’s arm. Colleen felt so ___21___, the worst physical suffering she had ever felt in her life. She knew ___22___ that her arm was broken. Her husband took her pack along with his own and together they ___23___ for the final three kilometers to the camp. Once they reached the camp, the guide gave her first aid and called for the rescue helicopter immediately. Colleen was ___24___ to the nearest hospital by helicopter. She was ___25___ in the hospital and was told that her head and neck were okay, but her arm had been broken in four places. Later, Colleen ___26___ with emotion. “After this personal ___27___ of near-death and being saved, I realized that in some situations there’s absolutely no ___28___ to get to hospital, and the rescue helicopter was the only way. At that moment, the most ___29___ noise was hearing the helicopter come. The helicopter rescue workers were so generous, so highly skilled as well. When they arrived with the policemen, I was never more ___30___ to see anyone in my whole life.” 11. A. interviewed B. warned C. asked D. taught 12. A. curious B. independent C. cautious D. patient 13 A. opposite B. ahead C. faraway D. above14. A. jumping B. heading C. turning D. walking 15 A. broken B. caused C. followed D. protected 16. A. hid B. released C. kept D. pulled 17. A. shock B. action C. silence D. panic 18. A. consequently B. immediately C. accidentally D. eventually 19. A. lay B. settled C. bent D. crashed 20. A. looked B. ran C. spread D. reached 21. A. fearful B. painful C. regretful D. pitiful 22. A. straight away B. after all C. at times D. without hesitation 23. A. prepared B. struggled C. searched D. competed 24. A. forced B. guided C. rushed D. invited 25. A. consulted B. cured C. assessed D. examined 26. A. recalled B. declared C. advised D. responded 27. A. experience B. training C. evaluation D. feeling 28. A. possibility B. privilege C. alternative D. necessity 29. A. familiar B. unexpected C. deafening D. wonderful 30. A. honored B. grateful C. motivated D. confident 【答案】11. B 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A 16. C 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. D 26. A 27. A 28. C 29. D 30. B 【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是 Colleen 在一次行走之旅中遭遇意外并且获救的事。 【11 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：导游提醒过他们关于路滑，可能有风险的一些情况，他在最近的 营地等他们。 A. interviewed 采访；B. warned 提醒；C. asked 询问；D. taught 教授。一个团 体中的导游，主要负责提醒一些注意事项，warn 意为提醒，符合题意，故选 B 项。 【12 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Colleen 是来自悉尼的一个经验丰富的探险者，她是个天生谨 慎的行走者。A. curious 好奇的；B. independent 独立的；C. cautious 谨慎的；D. patient 耐心 的。Colleen 经验丰富，做事不会太莽撞，比较谨慎。cautious 意为谨慎的，符合题意，故选 C 项。 【13 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，她听到上面有裂缝声。 A. opposite 在对面；B. ahead 在 前面；C. faraway 远的；D. above 在上面，在较高处。根据上下文，他们是沿着斜坡向下走， 而且是她丈夫在她后面，摔倒时撞着了她，所以裂缝声是从上面传来的，故选 D 项。 【14 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我意识到发生什么时，我正朝一个深壑走去，背上背着包。 A. jumping 跳；B. heading 朝（某方向）行进；C.turning 转弯；D. walking 行走。根据下文， Colleen 往下掉的过程被深壑旁的树枝打断可知，她当时是正朝那里前进。Heading 意为朝 （某方向）行进，符合题意，故选 B 项， 【15 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她往下掉时被伸到深壑上的树枝打断了，树枝挡住了她的继续下 滑，不然的话可能会让她丧命。 A. broken 打断；B. caused 引起； C. followed 追随； D. protected 保护。树枝挡住了她，中断了她的继续下滑。broken 意为打断，符合题意。故 选 A 项。 【16 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她往下掉时被伸到深壑上的树枝打断了，树枝挡住了她的继续下 滑，不然的话可能会让她丧命。A. hid 躲藏；B. released 释放；C. kept 保存；D. pulled 拉。 树枝阻止了她的继续下滑，否则，如果她继续下滑，可能会丧命。keep …from…意为阻 止….做….,是固定短语，符合题意。故选 C 项。 【17 题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Colleen 狠狠地撞着了头部，陷入休克。A. shock 休克；B. action 行动；C. silence 沉默；D. panic 惊恐。Colleen 撞着了头部，暂时昏迷，进入休克状态。shock 意为休克，符合题意。故选 A 项。 【18 题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：他不小心从顶部摔下来。 A. consequently 因此；B. immediately 立即；C. accidentally 不小心，偶然地；D. eventually 最后，终于。摔下来这个行为不是故意 为之，所以是不小心摔下来的。故选 C 项。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他先是不小心从 Colleen 上方滑下来的，他整个的重量加上背的 包从 colleen 上方重重地撞下来。 A. lay 趟；B. settled 定居；C. bent 弯曲；D. crashed 碰撞。 根据上下文，他们是下坡，他在 Colleen 的后面，所以他摔倒后，带着自身的重量和包的重 量朝下猛撞。故选 D 项。 【20 题详解】 考查动词短语辨析。句意：他伸出手抓住 Colleen 的胳膊。A. looked（out of）小心，提防； B. ran（out of）跑出，缺乏；C. spread 传播；D. reached（out of）伸手去….。他往下滑时撞 到了 Colleen，Colleen 被树枝挂住时，这种危急情况，他伸手去抓住妻子。故选 D 项。 【21 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Colleen 感到如此的疼，是她一生以来感受到的最糟糕的身体 上的疼。A. fearful 害怕的；B. painful 疼痛的；C. regretful 后悔的；D. pitiful 可怜的。她 摔下来，受伤很严重，主要是身体上的疼痛。故选 B 项。 【22 题详解】 考查固定短语辨析。句意：她立刻就知道胳膊断了。 A. straight away 立刻，马上；B. after all 毕竟，终究；C. at times 有时；D. without hesitation 毫不犹豫地。她醒来后，感到的是疼痛 难忍，她立刻就知道自己的胳膊断了。故选 A 项。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她丈夫将她的背包背起，两人一起艰难地走完最后三公里，到达 营地。A. prepared 准备；B. struggled 努力；C. searched 搜寻；D. competed 比赛。两人出了 意外，而且 Colleen 还受伤严重，两人最后的行走只能是挣扎着，努力着。struggle 意为努 力，挣扎，符合题意。故选 B 项。 【24 题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：Colleen 被用直升机紧急送往最近的医院。A. forced 强迫；B. guided 指导；C. rushed 快速运输；D. invited 邀请。Colleen 受伤严重，所以到了营地被急忙送往医 院。rushed 意为快速运输，符合题意。故选 C 项。 【25 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她在医院接受了检查，被告知头和脖子还好，但是胳膊四处骨折。 A. consulted 咨询； B. cured 治愈；C. assessed 评估；D. examined 检查。到医院去，当 然是检查身体。故选 D 项。 【26 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：后来，Colleen 激动地回忆这件事。A. recalled 回忆；B. declared 宣布；C. advised 建议；D. responded 回应。事情过后，Colleen 回忆这件事。故选 A 项。 【27 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这次接近死亡又被拯救的个人经历后，我意识到在有些情况下， 没有其他的选择可以去医院，直升机是唯一的途径。 A. experience 经历；B. training 培训； C. evaluation 评估；D. feeling 感觉。这次事件是 Colleen 的一次个人经历，而非其他。故选 A 项。 【28 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这次接近死亡又被拯救的个人经历后，我意识到在有些情况下， 没有其他的选择可以去医院，直升机是唯一的途径。A. possibility 可能性；B. privilege 特权； C. alternative 选择；D. necessity 必要性。根据下文的直升机是唯一的方法可知，没有其他可 选择的途径。故选 C 项。 【29 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那个时候，最美妙的声音，就是听到直升机的声音。 A. familiar 熟悉的；B. unexpected 意料之外的；C. deafening 震耳欲聋的；D. wonderful 极好的。根据上 文，直升机在某些情况下是送人去医院的唯一途径，受伤的人听到直升机的声音会有即将获 救的如释重负，所以直升机的声音听起来是美妙了的，极好的。故选 D 项。 【30 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他们和警察一起到来时，我一生中从来没那么地感激。 A. honored 荣幸的；B. grateful 感激的；C. motivated 有积极性的；D. confident 自信的。Colleen 受伤了，所以对急救人员和警察的到来是感激不已，并非其他。故选 B 项。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分） 第一节 （共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在 答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A The Youth Science Discovery Experience (YSDE) teams students and teachers with practicing scientists to pursue semester-long (整个学期) projects in fields of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Goals Introduce new scientific topics, especially those not typically covered in traditional courses in high schools. Encourage lifelong learning in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics. Develop science reasoning skills and an understanding of the scientific research process. Prepare students to face challenges of college, career, and continuing education. Develop creativity, build self-confidence, and promote friendship among the youth. Program Overview The YSDE program uses a project-based learning model. Each research team consists of six tenth-grade students, one teacher, and one practicing scientist. Together the team investigates an area of current scientific concern. The program integrates in-residence experiences with continuing education activities conducted in the students’ and teacher’s school setting YSDE begins with a five-day residential session in the center where students will learn principles of scientific inquiry. Each research team works with its scientist to plan an approach to its project. Session in residence allows YSDE members to participate in the magnificent outdoor natural laboratory provided by the surrounding national forests. Then the teams return to their home institutions and continue working on research projects throughout the semester. YSDE concludes with a final session in residence where teams present their research. Program Features Physical Environment YSDE facilities include science laboratories, a computer center, and arts and music studios. The area provides an outstanding natural laboratory for teaching and experimentation. Being separated from the usual disturbances of cities provides a nurturing atmosphere. Intensive (集中的), Cooperative Learning The residential part of YSDE offers near “around-the-clock” learning opportunities in a challenging yet friendly setting. Cooperative learning encourages teamwork and cooperative skills using science as a common language to allow students to learn from peers, staff, and visiting experts. Professional Partnerships YSDE’s relationship with partner organizations helps complete the program. Partner organizations are selected and invited on their interest in developing project-based learning activities for students in high school. YSDE’s partnerships with organizations like the Canaan Valley Institute and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory provide unique access to world-class facilities and human resources. For more information about YSDE, please visit our website at www.nysf.com, or write to us at Post office Box 715, Charleston, WV 15358-352. 31. One of the purposes of YSDE is to ______. A. provide young scientists with assistance B. promote the mode of science thinking C. introduce new university courses D. encourage education research 32. The YSDE program participants will ______. A. do research in the natural environment B. spend five days organizing the program C. live in the center throughout the semester D. present research result in their own schools 33. What makes the YSDE program special? A. Competitive learning atmosphere. B. Access to various physical activities. C. Methods of acquiring science language. D. Support from cooperative organizations.【答案】31. B 32. A 33. D 【解析】 这是一篇广告类的说明文，主要介绍了 YSDE 的一些情况。 【31 题详解】 推理判断题。由 Goals 部分的“Develop science reasoning skills and an understanding of the scientific research process.”可知，培养科学推理能力，以及促进对科学研究过程的理解。这 是 YSDE 的目标之一，培养学生科学的一些方法合理，即推广科学思维的模式。故选 B 项。 【32 题详解】 推理判断题。由 program Overview 部分第二段的“Session in residence allows YSDE members to participate in the magnificent outdoor natural laboratory provided by the surrounding national forests.”可知，（5 天的）入住阶段可以允许 YSDE 成员加入到由周边的国家森林形成的壮 丽的室外天然实验室中去。换句话说，参与者可以在室外做“实验”，即研究。故选A 项。 【33 题详解】 推理判断题。由 Professional Partnerships 部分的“YSDE’s partnerships with organizations like the Canaan Valley Institute and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory provide unique access to world-class facilities and human resources.”可知，YSDE 与像迦南谷学院和国家天文台这 类组织的合作伙伴关系，（给学员们）提供了独特的接触世界级设备和人力资源(的机会)。 由此可见，YSDE 跟一些组织的合作，给 YSDE 这方提供了许多的支持，人力和物力方面的。 故选 D 项。 B When Brody, a 4-year-old Connecticut boy, was asked what wish he wanted to come true, his only dream was that he could be able to play outside. Brody was born premature (早产) at 27 weeks, which caused him to overheat and burn easily. That means he can't spend any time outside and he'll get burn blisters (水疱) on his face even when he is driven to the hospital. Besides, there are a lot of things he can't do. He has trouble walking and only began talking one year ago. Brody can't eat or drink and has to wear a backpack 24/7 that contains a pump that feeds him. “I can't even count the number of surgeries he's had since he was born,” Brody's mother said. “He's spent probably half his life at the hospital.” When Make-A-Wish Connecticut, an organization that creates life-changing wishes for children with critical illnesses, heard about Brody's request to play outside, they immediately jumped into action. “It's the most simple, most sweet wish, just to play outside but it seems to be the most difficult to realize.” said Debbie Artinian, the manager of Make-A-Wish Connecticut. Artinian and her team determined that a temperature-controlled tent outside Brody's home where he could play and not be in the sun would be the best option. But they had to find a tent that could stand weather conditions like wind and snow and had the right material to block all UV rays. Luckily, Artinian found a company based in the United Kingdom that could design and make the tent. Make-A-Wish Connecticut learnt that Brody loves the beach, even though he is not able to go into water because of his backpack. So they filled the tent with water toys and a kids’ pool filled with balls to make Brody feel as much as possible like he's out at the beach. Brody got his first look at the tent earlier this summer. “When he walked out of the door and I saw his face, it was just everything,” said Artinian. “Now when Brody says ‘Can I go out and play?’, his mom can say, “Yes.” “Brody is now enjoying spending nearly all his time "outside” in the tent. It's hard to make life completely normal for Brody, but Artinian and her team tried to make it as normal as they could. 34. What can we learn about Brody? A. He can't be exposed to sunlight. B. He can't stand on his feet. C. He can't be given surgeries any more. D. He can't communicate with others. 35. Make-A-Wish Connecticut thought Brody's dream was __________ A. inspiring and heart-warming B. simple but incredible C. difficult and unachievable D. challenging but worthwhile 36. Why does the author mention the beach in Paragraph 4? A. To show that Brody is a boy who loves nature. B. To prove that the design company was responsible. C. To suggest that Artinian and her team were considerate. D. To emphasize that the skill in building the tent was the latest. 37. What does the story mainly tell us?A. One good turn deserves another. B. A helping hand makes a difference. C. All things are difficult before they are easy. D. Tough life experience may result in success. 【答案】34. A 35. D 36. C 37. B 【解析】 本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了不能晒太阳的 Brody，在 Make-A-Wish Connecticut 组织的帮助下，实现了到室外去玩的梦想。 【34 题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段的一、二两句话可知，Brody 是 27 周就产下的早产儿，因此他很容 易过热，也很容易灼伤。那意味着他任何时候都不能在室外，而且，甚至当他被开车送往医 院时，他都会脸上起水泡。由此可见，由于早产，这个小孩不能被暴露于阳光之下。故选 A 项。 【35 题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段的“It's the most simple, most sweet wish, just to play outside but it seems to be the most difficult to realize.”可知，Make-A-Wish Connecticut 认为他的到室外玩这一梦 想很简单，也很甜美的，然而（对于 Brody）而言又是最难实现的。结合本段第一句话，我 们知道这个组织主要是帮助生病严重的孩子实现梦想，所以他们会认为帮助实现这个孩子的 梦想是值得的，但是有时富有挑战的，不是那么容易的，故选 D 项。 【36 题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段“Make-A-Wish Connecticut learnt that Brody loves the beach, even though he is not able to go into water because of his backpack. So they filled the tent with water toys and a kids’ pool filled with balls to make Brody feel as much as possible like he's out at the beach.”可知，他们得知 Brody 喜欢沙滩，虽然他去不了，但他们还是贴心地为 Brody 营造 了沙滩场景，让他身临其境。由此可以判断 Artinian 以及她的团队成员真的很善解人意。故 选 C 项。 【37 题详解】 主旨大意题。结合全文，尤其是最后一段，可知，虽然很难让 Brody 的生活完全正常，但是 Artinian 和她的团队尽他们所能，让 Brody 的生活正常。由此我们可以判断，在他们的帮助 下，Brody 的生活有了很大的变化。故选 B 项。C Surrounded by the sea off the coast in Mid-Norway, lies an island called Myken. This small island has about ten permanent residents, and for more than 50 years has been supplied with electricity via a 32-kilometer undersea cable (电缆). A break that appeared in the cable last autumn resulted in two months without power, so the island community started looking into a better way of sourcing their electricity. “Myken is far out at sea, so as far as possible it should be taking care of things itself,” says Kyrre Sundseth, who is a hydrogen (氢) researcher in Norway and also the project manager for Myken’s energy project. “This is why we want Myken to become entirely self-sufficient in energy. It is also important to take the environment into consideration,” he says. Much points to the idea that the solution may lie in a Hydrogen plant, specifically tailored for small islands. The “raw materials” for hydrogen production come from nature itself in the form of the sun and wind. Researchers have calculated that energy costs will be lower by using hydrogen production than the undersea cable option. And it is possible to store energy in the form of hydrogen for longer periods. This means that supplies will not have to rely on a lot of expensive batteries or external energy sources, even during periods when the sun isn’t shining, or the wind isn’t blowing. The Myken project has attracted several technology companies. They are currently working on a pilot project. The pilot involves experiments on the feasibility (可行性) of the hydrogen system in which electricity is generated from solar and wind sources. The electricity can be used immediately, but during periods when all the energy generated is not required, the spare energy can be used to split seawater into hydrogen and oxygen. The hydrogen can be stored in a tank, and used later to generate electricity. The pilot will help researchers know more about how effectively the system will work in the hydrogen plant. Since the island has a distillery (酿酒厂), where the distillation (蒸 馏) process relies on energy, a hydrogen plant on Myken offers an even greater environmental benefit. Spare heat from the hydrogen system can also be used for the heating part in the distillation process. “In Norway alone there are about 300 island inhabited all year round by small populations,” says Kyrre Sundseth. “All of these islands may be candidates for using this technology. In global terms we’re talking about 10,000 similar islands.” 38. Why is a hydrogen plant suitable for Myken?A. It is perfect in size for small islands. B. It can send electricity to faraway places. C. It will restore local natural environment. D. It provides green and sustainable energy. 39. What is mainly talked about in Paragraph 4? A. The study on the energy storage. B. The test on the hydrogen system. C. The experiment on the raw materials. D. The research on the innovation of the pilot. 40. According to the passage, a hydrogen plant will ______. A. produce purified seawater B. prove more technically reliable C. contribute in more than one way D. benefit from the distillation process 41. What does Kyrre Sundseth think of the project? A. Promising. B. Systematic. C. Irreplaceable. D. Time saving. 【答案】38. D 39. B 40. C 41. A 【解析】 这是一篇说明文，主要讲了 Myken 利用自身地理条件，建立了氢气发电站，实现了自给自 足的环保发电。 【38 题详解】 推理判断题。由第三段的第二句话可知，氢气产生的“原材料”来自于大自然的太阳和风， 结合第二段的第一句话，Myken 在大海深处，须得自己照顾好自己。可见 Myken 地理位置 的特殊性，接电缆发电耗资大，而且没有完全的保障，氢气发电站环保又耗资小，故选 D 项。 【39 题详解】 主旨大意题。结合第四段的一、二两句可知，Myken 的方案吸引了好几家科技公司，他们目前在进行试行计划。也就是说，方案现在处于实验性阶段。故选 B 项。 【40 题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段“”可知，在实验性阶段，研究者对氢气发电站的可行性进行了实验， 发现氢气发电站除了发电可以有其他用处，由此可见，氢气发电站在许多方面都做出了贡献。 故选 C 项。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Kyrre Sundseth 说，单单挪威就有大约 300 个岛长年只有少 部分居住，这些岛也许适合使用这一技术的。从全球来看，大约有 10000 左右类似的岛。他 的字里行间都表达了这一技术（建立氢气发电站）有很大的市场，即他认为这一方案有前途， 有前景。故选 A 项。 D On January 15, 2009, the crew of US Airways Flight 1549 experienced a never-in-a-lifetime event. Less than two minutes after takeoff, some birds found their way into the airplane’s two engines and brought them to a sudden stop. Over the next three and a half minutes, the crew managed to identify the problem, decide what to do about it, and make the most successful emergency landing in aviation (航空) history. We all experience similar moments. Running into the person you canceled a date with – while you’re on another date. Realizing you hit “reply all” on an e-mail that you’d do anything to have back. Earthquakes medical emergencies – whatever the situation, the first thing you probably do is panic. Everybody does. While many of us think that we’re cool in a crisis, science tells us that we seldom are. At the moment we need to be keenly aware of our surroundings, but our attention goes to the scariest thing on the scene, leaving us unaware of the other sights, sounds, and even smells around us. At the moment, we’re anything but at our best. These normal human reactions can be reversed. For example, firefighters are taught how to bring down their blood pressure and heart rates quickly, Box breathing, belly breathing, hum breathing – you can learn these techniques in minutes. Once you calm down, you’ll identify accurately what the problem is really about. Lack of practice always causes us to judge problems in wrong ways. Doing the thinking ahead of time also helps you fire off the solution when it’s show time. This is why you are advised to find the closest exit before the flight. And sometimes we aren’t prepared with all the knowledge we need. Let’s say we’re on a hike and a bear shows up. What shall we do? Better to read suggestions on how to respond before heading into the wild. Performing in a crisis is becoming more important for all of us for two reasons. Back in the good old days, the reliability of most anything we used or did was far less than it is today. Now think about what happens to our preparedness as the likelihood of something had happening reduces. Unless we practice what hardly ever happens, our ability to respond when it does happen tends to slip away. Reliability can kill you. Also, the systems we use today are more complex. There are seldom moving parts in plain view that allow us to see when things are about to go wrong. Consequently, terrible situations can “come out of nowhere”. Ironically, the systems that were designed to lessen our workload might require us to remain in a state of increased vigilance (警觉) in order to survive these increasingly infrequent events when they do happen. As technology becomes part of most everything, and as once-large risks break into countless small ones, crisis situations may become standard affairs. We should all learn to breathe, recognize the situation, and carry out the plan that we are smart enough to prepare well in advance. 42. According to the passage, when an armed robbery (抢劫) happens, most witnesses will first ______. A. observe the surroundings B. pretend to be calm C. decide what to do D. focus on the gun 43. What does the underlined word “reversed” in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A. Tested. B. Changed. C. Predicted. D. Understood. 44. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that ______. A. things are less dependable than they used to be B. cautiousness helps prevent the occurrence of crisis C. convenience reduces our problem-solving capability D. the complexity of present systems ensures our safety 45. What is the main purpose of the passage?A. To introduce ways of avoiding crisis situations. B. To point out the connection between stress and risks. C. To raise awareness of the preparation for emergencies. D. To analyse the influence of technology on crisis management. 【答案】42. D 43. B 44. C 45. C 【解析】 本文是议论文，主要通过分析现在风险的普遍性，进而提醒人们应该提升对危机的预警意识。 【42 题详解】 推理判断题。由第二段倒数第二句话“At the moment we need to be keenly aware of our surroundings, but our attention goes to the scariest thing on the scene, leaving us unaware of the other sights, sounds, and even smells around us.”可知，当时，我们应该要意识到周边的环境， 但我们往往关注的是现场最怕人的东西，使得我们看不到其他的东西，听不到什么声音，甚 至闻不到什么味道。可见遇到危机时，我们关注的是最吓人的东西。所以，当面对持枪抢劫 时，大部分人关注的是最怕人的那个东西——枪。故选 D 项。 【43 题详解】 词 义 猜 测 题 。 由 第 二 段 以 及 第 三 段 的 第 一 句 话 “These normal human reactions can be reversed.”可知，在紧急情况下人们会害怕，恐慌，这些都是正常反应。这些正常反应可以 反转，可以改变。结合下文，下文举例说明消防员通过学习可以降低自己的血压和心跳速度， 让自己冷静。所以这里 reverse 跟 change 的意思接近，故选 B 项。 【44 题详解】 推理判断题。由第四段“Unless we practice what hardly ever happens, our ability to respond when it does happen tends to slip away. Reliability can kill you. Also, the systems we use today are more complex. There are seldom moving parts in plain view that allow us to see when things are about to go wrong.”可知，如果我们不模拟一些不怎么发生的事情，当事情确实发生时，我 们的应变能力逐渐下滑。这种依赖性足以致命。而且，我们现在使用的体系更加复杂，在事 情即将发生之前，很少看出什么异象。结合上文，这里主要是说跟过去相比，我们更有更多 的东西可以依赖，比如技术等，但太多的依赖对我们来说不是好事，反而会让我们失去警觉。 所以说技术是双刃剑，好的方面是给我们带来便利，不好的是降低我们的警觉度，进而降低 我们解决问题的能力。故选 C 项。 【45 题详解】推理判断题。结合全文尤其是最后一段可知，随着科技融入到生活得方方面面，以及曾经的 那些大的风险变成无数的小风险，风险可能会成为正常事件。我们应该学会冷静，认清问题， 按照我们事先准备好的计划去执行。这是本文的中心段，由此可知，本文是主要呼吁要提前 做好准备，要有预警意识。故选 C 项。 第二节 （共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中 有两项为多余选项。 I work at a community library. Many people are under the assumption that public libraries are no longer needed because of the Internet. Nothing could be further from the truth. ___46___ A simple Internet search for “cats” produces approximately 2. 98 billion results in less than one second. It is a huge number! How do you even begin to sort through all of those results? We hear so much about “false news”. ___47___ Librarians are there to help. They have been trained, through special classes and workshops, to sort through all of the results and find credible sources. Author Neil Gaiman said, “Google can bring you back 100, 000 answers. A librarian can bring you back the right one.” ___48___ It helps connect people with the resources they need to find a job, continue their education, and learn new skills. It helps seniors find the resources they need to keep up with the “modern” world. It helps new parents develop a love for literacy in their children and bond with them. It helps local artists and craftsmen display their work. It helps students find the answers to those seemingly impossible homework questions. It allows people to meet and exchange ideas. Libraries are so much more than books and information. Yes, there are public computers, Internet access, movies, music, programs and a thousand other things. ___49___ They are places where people feel safe and welcomed. They are places where someone who has limited resources can freely access materials and equipment they wouldn’t otherwise be able to. They can, at times, be a harbor for someone who needs a quiet place to work or study. Some of the best memories of my childhood involve going to the local library and in speaking with many others in the neighborhood, they too have those same memories. They are presently making those same memories with their children and their grandchildren. ___50___ I don’t see the Internet doing that. A. We don’t know what sources to trust.B. The public library helps people better their lives. C. The importance of library staff comes to the surface. D. However, libraries’ meaning and relevance goes even beyond that. E. The public library brings people together to build a strong community. F. In fact, it is because of the Internet that public libraries are needed now more than ever. G. Every day children, students and adults use libraries to learn, grow and achieve their dreams. 【答案】46. F 47. A 48. B 49. D 50. E 【解析】 本文是一片议论文，主要通过作者自己的经历来说明公共图书馆不可取代。 【46 题详解】 根据上文，Nothing could be further from the truth.这个（观点）离谱得很。作者不同意上面的 观点，继而表明自己的观点：事实上，就是因为网络，公共图书馆才比以往更被需要。故选 F 项。 【47 题详解】 根据上文 We hear so much about “false news”.我们听到那么多“错误的新闻”，再根据下文 Librarians are there to help.图书管理员可以帮助我们。可知，我们在网络上会获得很多信息， 但是我们不知道这些信息是否准确，但是我们可以到公共图书馆去，那里的信息来源很可信。 故选 A 项。 【48 题详解】 根 据 下 文 It helps connect people with the resources they need to find a job, continue their education, and learn new skills.它帮助人们连接找工作，继续教育以及学习新技能所需要的资 源。可知，这一段是表明公共图书馆对人们生活的积极影响，即帮助改善人们的生活，而且 放在首句，起中心句的作用。故选 B 项。 【49 题详解】 根据本段第一句话（中心句）可知，本段的大意是公共图书馆不仅仅只是书本和信息。结合 上文 Yes, there are public computers, Internet access, movies, music, programs and a thousand other things.确实，那儿有公用电脑，网络联网，电影，音乐，节目以及其他好多东西，结合 下文 They are places where people feel safe and welcomed.他们也是让人们感到安全，感到受欢迎的地方。上文讲的是有形的方面，下文将无形的方面，中间缺少一个过渡，表明公共图书 馆不仅仅是有形的，他们的意义和关联性不仅仅如此。故选 D 项。 【50 题详解】 根据上文 Some of the best memories of my childhood involve going to the local library and in speaking with many others in the neighborhood, they too have those same memories. They are presently making those same memories with their children and their grandchildren.我童年时期的 一些最好的回忆涉及的是去公共图书馆，并且跟附近的许多人闲谈，那些人也有（跟我一样 的）回忆。他们现在也在跟他们的后代创造类似的回忆。可知，公共图书馆连接了人与人之 间的关系。故选 E 项。 第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分） 第一节 （15 分） 51.你的英国好友 Jim 计划去非洲做志愿者，但是他的父母以安全为由反对，他发来邮件讲 述此事。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括： 1．你对该计划的看法； 2．你的建议。 注意：1. 词数不少于 50； 2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Jim, _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Jim, I have to admit that when I learned about your plan, I was filled with admiration for your choice. Volunteering in Africa will definitely offer great help to the people in need. I believe it will be a meaningful and unforgettable experience and do hope your dream will come true. However, our dream shouldn’t bring concerns to those who love and care about us. So you’d better not quarrel with your parents. It doesn’t help. Think why they are worried about your safety. Is your destination a safe one? My suggestion is to do some research on the program you plan to participate in. If it is a safe place, talk with your parents and tell them about your research result, which I believe will bring them relief. If it is not, I advise you to think twice. Hope you can solve the problem soon. Yours, Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇应用文，要求考生写封回信给 Jim,谈谈对他想到非洲做志愿者的看法，以及建议。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：书信 时态：根据提示，时态应主要为一般过去时。 写作内容：1.对他去非洲做志愿者的看法； 2.提出建议； 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） be filled with; offer help to; in need; come true; bring concerns to; do some research on; think twice 第三步：连词成句 1. I have to admit that when I learned about your plan, I was filled with admiration for your choice. 2. Volunteering in Africa will definitely offer great help to the people in need. 3. I believe it will be a meaningful and unforgettable experience and do hope your dream will come true. 4. However, our dream shouldn’t bring concerns to those who love and care about us. 5. My suggestion is to do some research on the program you plan to participate in. 6. If it is not, I advise you to think twice. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了复杂句型，如：I have to admit that when I learned about your plan, I was filled with admiration for your choice.这句话中含有 that 引导的宾语从句，这个宾语 从句是个复合句，里面含有 when 引导的时间状语。resting，作伴随状语。再如 If it is a safe place, talk with your parents and tell them about your research result, which I believe will bring them relief.这句话既含有 if 引导的条件状语从句，又包含 which 引导的非限制性定语从句。 全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次 分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。 第二节 （20 分） 52.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记 述国庆节当天你和父母帮助迷路的和平鸽找到主人的过程。 注意：词数不少于 60。 提示词：周年纪念日 anniversary 阳台 balcony 信鸽协会 Pigeon Association_______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ 【答案】I had a really exciting National Day this week. On that day, like hundreds of millions of families, my parents and I watched the National Day parade on TV excitedly and proudly till the very end of the ceremony, when thousands of pigeons and balloons were released and flew to the sky. The pictures of the ceremony were flashing through my mind when suddenly I spotted a pigeon on the balcony. It was a beautiful white pigeon, resting on our balcony and refusing to fly away. Around its feet was a ring which read “the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China”. I couldn’t believe my eyes! This was a National Day pigeon! Realizing that it must have lost its way back home, I managed to find the telephone number of Beijing Pigeon Association and called up for help. In the meanwhile, my parents brought the pigeon inside and gave it some water and bird food. Before long, the owner got the message and came to take the pigeon back. He thanked us a lot and we all felt honoured that we could do something for the unforgettable National Day! 【解析】【分析】 这是一篇看图作文，要求考生根据图片，记述国庆节当天与父母帮助迷路的和平鸽找到主人 的过程。 【详解】第一步：审题 体裁：记叙文 时态：根据提示，时态应为一般过去时。 写作内容：结合图片，描述国庆节看阅兵以及与父母一起帮助迷路的和平鸽找到主人的过程。 第二步:列提纲 （重点词组） the National Day parade; flew to the sky; rest on; must have done; in the meanwhile; feel honoured 第三步：连词成句 1. On that day, like hundreds of millions of families, my parents and I watched the National Day parade on TV excitedly and proudly till the very end of the ceremony, when thousands of pigeons and balloons were released and flew to the sky. 2. Our home is next to the city center, where easy shopping access and convenient transportation are available. 3. The pictures of the ceremony were flashing through my mind when suddenly I spotted a pigeon on the balcony. 4. It was a beautiful white pigeon, resting on our balcony and refusing to fly away. 5. Realizing that it must have lost its way back home, I managed to find the telephone number of Beijing Pigeon Association and called up for help. 6. In the meanwhile, my parents brought the pigeon inside and gave it some water and bird food. 根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第四步：连句成篇（衔接词） 1.表文章结构顺序：First of all, Firstly/First, Secondly/Second… And then, Finally, In the end, At last 2.表并列补充关系：What is more, Besides, Moreover, Furthermore, In addition As well as, not only…but (also), including, 3.表转折对比关系：However, On the contrary, but, Although+clause(从句), In spite of+n/doing,On the one hand…,On the other hand… Some…,while others…,as for, so…that… 4.表因果关系：Because, As, So, Thus, Therefore, As a result 连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 第五步：润色修改 【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符 合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了较多非谓语动词，如：It was a beautiful white pigeon, resting on our balcony and refusing to fly away.这句话运用了非谓语动词 resting，作伴随状语。再如 Realizing that it must have lost its way back home, I managed to find the telephone number of Beijing Pigeon Association and called up for help.这句话既运用了非谓语动词 realizing 做状语， 又使用了情态动词 must 表示推测。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语 的能力。另外，文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。