初中英语专题教案---宾语从句（一）
一、 专题详解
宾语从句的概念: 在句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语份动宾和介宾。
She said he was good at dancing. (动词宾语)
He asks him how long Zoe has been down. (动词宾语)
结构：主语+谓语+连词+宾语从句（陈述语序）
l 复合句中的宾语从句用法
宾语从句 The Object Clause,在复合句中作主句的宾语,它属于名词性从句.它可以作主句谓语动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语.宾语从句以从句的句式来决定连接词.
宾语从句有四步曲：连接词： （也叫引导词）
语序： 从句的词序用陈述语序（主+ 谓）
时态： 主句的时态如果是过去时,从句的时态应以过去时为基础作相应的变化.
人称： 要根据句中的意义作相应的变化
Ø 考点1： 引导词
连接词（引导词）:
从属连词主要有that, if, whether。that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
He told me that he would go to the college the next year他告诉我他下一年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won this game? 你知道谁赢了这一局游戏吗?
连接副词主要有when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Ø 从属连词主要有that, if, whether：
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。
当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.
She says (that) she won’t take part in the sports meeting next Sunday.
注意：
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在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry, sure, afraid, glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。
I’m sorry (that) I don’t know.
We’re sure (that) our team will win.
I’m afraid (that) he won’t pass the exam.
在表示建议 suggest , advise 要求demand 、desire、require、request、propose； 决定 decide; 命令 order、command; 坚决主张 insist; 等动词后跟宾语从句，用（should）+v．（虚拟语气）
Eg: I suggested that you（should）study hard．
He ordered that we should go out at once．
l 哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that?
A．当主句谓语动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时，可以省略第一个that，其他不能省略。
Eg: I believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get bet?．
B．当it作形式宾语时
Eg: She made it clear that she had nothing to do with him．
C．当宾语从句前置时
Eg: That our team will win，I believe．
l 否定前移及完成反意问句
宾语从句的否定转移主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.（注: 否定前移的条件是，主句主语是第一人称）
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim, is he? 我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully, does he? 我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课, 是不是?
I don't think you are right, are you? I don't believe they have finished their work yet, have they?
2. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略
Lily wanted to know if /whether her grandma liked the handbag.
Let’s see if /whether we can find out some information about that city.
She asked me if /whether she could borrow these books.
注意：
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一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
①在不定式前：Whether to go there or not hasn’t been decided.
②在介词后：It depends on(依靠) whether it is going to rain.
③与or not连用：They are talking about whether to go there or not.
④避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
Ø 由疑问词引导的宾语从句
当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what, who, whom, which, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，有一定的意义，所以不可以省略。
Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for?
He asked whose handwriting was the best.
Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is?
I don’t know why the train is late.
Please tell us how many students there are in your school?
l 注意：
if和when既可以引导宾语从句，也可以引导状语从句，应注意它们在两种从句中的意思和用法的不同。if和when引导宾语从句时，分别意为“是否”和“何时”，其时态应和主句时态相呼应；它们引导状语从句时，意思分别为“如果，假如”和“当……时候”，当主句时态是一般将来时时，其时态用一般现在时。它们常常放在含有状语从句和宾语从句的题干中进行综合考查。如：
—Do you know when he will come back tomorrow ？你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
—Sorry, I don't know. When he comes back, I'll tell you. 对不起，不知道。当他回来了，我将告诉你。
—I don't know if he will come．我不知道他是否会来。
—He will come if it doesn't rain．如果不下雨，他会来的。
一、 课堂检测
（一）单项选择
1.考查连接词
( ) 1. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( ) 2 . I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
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( ) 3. I hardly understand.___ he has told me.
A. that B. what C. which D. who
( ) 4 . She didn't know___ back soon.
A. whether he would be B. if would he be C. he will be
( ) 5. I don't know _____ he still lives here after so many years.
A. whether B where C. what D.when
( ) 6 . Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
( ) 7 . He asked me _____told me the accident.
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
Keys: C B B A A A C
2. 考查If/when 的区别
1. If it _______(rain) tomorrow，I won’t come.
2. He didn’t tell me if it _________(rain) tomorrow.
3. I don’t know if he __________(come) tomorrow. If he______ (come), I’ll tell you.
4. When it ________ (stop) raining, we’ll go swimming.
5. Could you tell me when the film ____________(start)? I’ll leave for a moment.
Keys: 1. rains 2.will rain 3. will come, comes 4.stops 5. will start
（二）．按要求改写句子
1. "Does water cover most of the Earth's surface?" asked the boy. (改为宾语从句)
The boy wanted to know_______ water ________most of the Earth's surface.
2. My brother asked, "Has Lin Dan won the game?" (合并成宾语从句)
My brother asked _________Lin Dan _________won the game.
3. Does Dinna write to her parents every week? I want to know. (改为复合句)
I want to know __________ Dinna __________ to her parents every week.
Keys: 1.whether, covered 2. if, had 3. if, writes
提升训练
（一）、完成对话
A: Hello, Andy. Nice to see you again.
B: Hi, it is good to see you, Amy. How did you spend your summer holiday?
A: Well, I traveled to many countries during the holiday. It was 1 .
B: Why? With your friends?
A: No. 2 . I met a lot of trouble along the way. It made me mad. I will surely go with someone else next time. What about you?
B: I looked after my grandma. She was 3 hurt in an accident so that she had to lie on
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the bed all the time. As you know, my parents go to work every day, so it was my duty to take care of her. I liked to stay with my grandma, it was tiring, 4 . I needed to cook meals, clean the house and help her wash her face. And I watched TV in my free time, too. Have you heard of the explosion in Tianjin?
A: Of course. I’m sure 5 everyone knows it. It was horrible. And I also watched the videos on the Internet. People didn’t realize how dangerous it was 6 it exploded a second time. It 7 about one hundred and thirty-five people to die, 8 some firefighters.
B: Yes, they are the 9 people I’ve ever seen. When all of us run away, they go forward 10 . They tried to save as many people as they could. We should memorize them forever.
A: I agree.
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（二）完成表格
‘USA? Britain? Which country is better to study in?’ We often hear such discussions. As China opens its door, it is a dream for many Chinese students to study abroad. They want to learn about the outside world.
It’s true that studying abroad can help students develop themselves. Their foreign language skills will be improved and it may be easier to find jobs.
But there are problems that should be considered. Language is the first. Students must spend a lot of time learning another language.
Students must also learn to live without parents’ care and deal with all kinds of things they haven’t had to do before, like looking after themselves. There are reports about Chinese students abroad running into an ocean of difficulties and giving up finally. When they have to take care of themselves, it is hard for students to study well.
Finally, studying abroad brings a heavy burden（负担）to the family. For most Chinese parents, the cost of studying abroad is very high. But is it worth it?
We know that there are many famous people who have achieved success through their hard work in China. Liu Xiang is a good example. Once an American teacher invited him there, but he refused. He kept training hard with his Chinese teacher. He surprised the world when he won a gold medal at the Athens Olympic Games. So when you wonder which country is better to study in, think again.
Title: Studying at 1 or abroad
Phenomenon（现象）
Studying abroad has become a dream for Chinese students.
Advantages
◆ It is helpful to the future development of Chinese students.
◆ It helps to 2 foreign language skills.
◆ It enables Chinese students to find jobs more easily.
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◆ It 4 Chinese students too much time to learn a foreign
language.
◆ It’s hard for Chinese students to get used to the life abroad
without parents’ care.
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◆ Parents may be under pressure（压力）because the cost of
studying abroad is very high.
Purpose: To tell us studying abroad is not the only way to be 5 by describing
Liu Xiang’s example.
Keys：
1.完成对话：1.terrible 2.alone 3.badly 4.too 5.that
6.when 7.brought 8.including 9.brave 10.instead
2.完成表格：home improve Disadvantages takes successful
三、课后作业
（一）翻译
1、Jack wanted to know __________ when I reached the cinema last week.（电影已经开始多长时间了）
2、The police asked the old man _____________ the accident last night.（他在哪里看到）
3、—Could you please tell me ________？（我可以在哪里买到一本杂志）
—Sure, on the second floor.
4、Could you please tell me________？（你在等谁）
5、He said that light ________ much faster than sound.（传播）
6、We want to know ________ to help them.（我们可以做什么）
7、—Li Mei, do you know ________？（你的英语老师喜欢什么电视节目）
—Well, she likes the Voice of China.
8、—Pardon？I didn't catch ________.（你在说什么）
—I said the book sold very well in our school.
9、—Do you know ________？（珠穆朗玛峰有多高）
—8,844.43 meters. It's a popular place with mountain climbers.
10、–Could you tell me ____？（汤姆在做什么）
-Look! He is playing volleyball over there.
1.how long the film had been on
2.where he saw
3.where I can get a magazine
4.who you are waiting for
5.travels
6.what we can do
7.what TV show your English teacher likes
8.what you said
9.how high Qomolangma is
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10.what is Tom doing
（二）单项选择题
21、—I’ve just received a Wechat message - “ttyl”. Do you know ?
—It stands for “talk to you later”.
A. how does it mean B. how it means C. what does it mean D. what it means
22、I hope ______ us more about the amazing things in the world.
A. to you tell B. you to tell C. you telling D. you can tell
23、—I wonder ________.
—Carla doesn’t wear glasses.
A. whose glasses are these B. what does your sister look like
C. where are Carla’s glasses D. whether these are Carla’s glasses
24、I wonder _____________the idea to Daming. He still looks angry.
A. if have you mentioned B. what have you mentioned
C. if you have mentioned D. what you have mentioned
25、﹣Daniel，could you tell me ？
﹣Certainly，in Tokyo．（ ）
A．when the 2020 Olympics will be held B．when will the 2020 Olympics be held
C．where the 2020 Olympics will be held D．where will the 2020 Olympics be held
26、—Oh, it’s too difficult for me to remember so many words. Can you tell me ?
—“Rome was not built in a day.” You should make an effort and find a scientific way.
A. how can I have a good memory
B. what I can do to have a good memory
C. why I want to get over it
27、— Did you see Anna after class?
— I saw her leave the classroom, but I didn’t notice __________after that.
A. when did she go B. where did she go
C. when she went D. where she went
28、— Could you please tell me____?
一 The people and the food.
A. How does Tom like China B. if Tom likes China
C. what does Tom like about China D. what Tom likes about China
29、I don’t remember__________ the book yesterday.
A. where I put B. where did I put
C. where will I put D. where I will put
30、—Do you know __ next Friday, Lily?
—If it doesn't rain, we will.
A. if we will take a field trip B. will we take a field trip C. why we will take a field trip
31、—Could you tell me ________ next summer? —To Dalian.
A. where are you taking a trip B. where you took a trip
C. where you are taking a trip
32、-I'd like to know for the party.
---I have no idea.
A. why did she buy so little food B. what she has prepared
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C. whether will she dance D. when is she leaving
33、—Would you please tell me_______?
—In Yibin.
A. where do you live B. where you live C. you live where
34、--Excuse me, I wonder ______.
--Yes, it's near the bookstore.
A. where we will go for the holiday B. if there is a lost and found office
C. when she will give a a call D. how we can go to Hong Kong
35、— Excuse me, do you know ______?
— On foot.
A. what Alice came to do B. where Alice came from
C. how Alice came here D. who Alice came with
36、Lisa, could you tell me yesterday?
A. what did the teacher say B. what the teacher said
C. what will the teacher say D. what the teacher will say
37、--- Could you tell me _______?
--- Yes, to get my ID card back.
A. how did you come here B. what is the matter with you
C. when you came here D. why you came here
38、 —Can you tell me_________?
—Two weeks ago.
A. when you bought the toys B. who did you buy the toys for
C. how much the toys cost D. how many toys did you buy
39、I don't know ________．
A. where does he come from B. what is his name.
C. how old he is D. when will he leave
40、Many teenagers want to know ________
A what is the spaceship like B what the spaceship look like
C how the spaceship looks like D how does the spaceship look like
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