第二板块 第二部分 第 1 讲
[小题夯基练]
请选择以下设误方式(张冠李戴、无中生有、曲解文意、颠倒是非、正误参半)或正确选项
特征(原文原词、同义替换、信息归纳、正话反说)填入下表的“诊断”一栏中。
1．(2018·天津卷阅读 C 节选)
Food production
With a 3D printer，a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for
decoration on a wedding cake.Not everybody can do that—it takes years of experience，but a printer
makes it easy.A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to “recreate forms and pieces”of food that
are“exactly the same，”freeing cooks to complete other tasks.In another restaurant，all of the
dishes and desserts it serves are 3Dprinted，rather than farm to table.
Q：What benefit does 3D printing bring to food production？
选项 诊断
A It helps cooks to create new dishes. 曲解文意
B It saves time and effort in cooking. 信息归纳
C It improves the cooking conditions. 无中生有
D It contributes to restaurant decorations. 颠倒是非
2.(2018·北京卷阅读 B 节选)For the trainees，the programs also offer a great way to earn merit
badges(荣誉徽章)．At Space Camp, trainees can earn their Space Exploration badge as they build
and fire model rockets, learn about space tasks and try simulated (模拟) flying to space with the
crew from all over the world.The Aviation Challenge program gives trainees the chance to earn their
Aviation badge.They learn the principles of flight and test their operating skills in the cockpit(驾驶
舱)of a variety of flight simulators.Trainees also get a good start on their Wilderness Survival badge
as they learn about waterand landsurvival through designed tasks and their search and rescue of a
“downed” pilot.
Q：To earn a Space Exploration badge, a trainee needs to________.
选项 诊断
A fly to space 正误参半
B get an Aviation badge first 颠倒是非
C study the principles of flight 张冠李戴
D build and fire model rockets 原文原词
3.(2018·浙江卷阅读 A 节选)In 1870，when Dickens died，the world mourned him as its first professional writer and publisher ， famous and beloved ， who had led an explosion in both the
publication of novels and their readership and whose characters—from Oliver Twist to Tiny
Tim—were held up as moral touchstones.Today Dickens' greatness is unchallenged.Removing him
from the pantheon(名人 堂)of English literature would make about as much sense as the Louvre
selling off the Mona Lisa.
Q：Dickens is compared with the Mona Lisa in the text to stress________.
选项 诊断
A his reputation in France 颠倒是非
B his interest in modern art 颠倒是非
C his success in publication 张冠李戴
D his importance in literature 同义替换
[大题提能练]
A
From the Forbidden City to the Great Wall，ancient Chinese people have always been praised
for their building skills and wisdom.And their great skills have been passed down to modern Chinese
people.Evidence of this can be seen in recent buildings，such as the National Stadium，also known as
the“Bird's Nest”in Beijing，and the Shanghai Tower.And recently，China has created even more
proof of its great building skills.
The Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge(HZMB) was opened on Oct.24,2018.The HZMB ，
which is located at the waters of the Lingdingyang of Pearl River Estuary，is a huge sea crossing
bridge，linking the Hong Kong SAR，Zhuhai City and the Macao SAR.
As the world's longest seabased project，the 55kilometer bridge is the result of six years of
research and another nine years of building.
Builders had to make artificial islands in the Pearl River Delta to provide supports for the
bridge.There is also a 6.7kilometer underwater tunnel in the middle of the bridge.This is to allow
ships to sail through the Delta.It has been named as one of the “seven wonders of the modern
world”by The Guardian.
“It is designed with a service life of 120 years.It can endure a strong wind equal to a
maximum Beaufort scale 16，”Zhu Yongling，a project official，told The Guardian.“It can also
survive a magnitude8 earthquake.”Meanwhile，the Yshaped bridge could reduce travel time from
Hong Kong to Zhuhai and Macao from more than three hours to about 45 minutes.“The bridge will not only be a transport link.It will be a social ，economic ，cultural ，and tourism connection
among the three areas ， ”Yu Lie ， deputy director of the Hong KongZhuhaiMacao Bridge
Authority，said.
The bridge will be open to tourists to drive across it.However，local car owners will not be able
to cross the bridge unless they have a special permit.Most visitors will take a shuttle bus to make the
journey.The shuttle buses will cost 300 yuan for a single trip.
[语篇解读] 一桥连三地，天堑变通途。本文主要介绍了港珠澳大桥在 10 月 24 日正式
开通以及这座大桥的其他相关情况。
1．Why does the author mention some famous buildings?
A．To stress the difficulty in architecture.
B．To explain the history of building.
C．To make advertisements for them.
D．To prove Chinese building skills.
解析：D [推理判断题。根据第一段中提到的古代的紫禁城和长城到现代的鸟巢和上海
中心大厦等，通过这些著名的建筑例子，说明中国人民高超的建筑才能和智慧。]
2．Why were the artificial islands built?
A．To allow ships to sail safely.
B．To hold up the long bridge.
C．To be used as attractions.
D．To serve as resting places.
解析：B [细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，修建人工岛的主要目的是支撑大桥。]
3．What does Zhu stress in his words?
A．Where the HZMB is located.
B．What the HZMB is made up of.
C．How strong the HZMB is.
D．When the HZMB was completed.
解析：C [推理判断题。第四段中提到大桥的使用寿命长达 120 年，它能够抵御高达蒲
福风力 16 级的大风，承受 8 级地震，推断出朱说的话强调了大桥很坚固。]
4．How can local car owners cross the bridge?
A．By getting a special permit.
B．By paying some money for the trip.
C．By driving a shuttle bus themselves.
D．By carrying some tourists in their cars.
解析：A [细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句可知，当地司机需要获得特别许可证才可以通过大桥。]
B
(2020· 武 汉 市 高 三 调 研 )The boy sat on his chair ， with his hands above the keyboard.He
thought about what to write.
He recalled that the competition deadline was merely a week away.But he still had not even
started on his piece.He looked at the brochure again.“WRITING COMPETITION ！ ”the title
read.His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing competition，and now he was taking it on as
his personal task for the holidays.
As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts ， he realized how hopeless his task of
winning was.Every story he ever wrote was based on other stories.He had little imagination，and
unfortunately，imagination was the key to writing.
Suddenly，he had a brainwave.This time，he came up with an original and imaginative story.
The words shot towards him like a storm of leaves.Words were coming easily，flowing through
him，faster than he could type.He typed faster than he ever had before.He continued to type，amazed
how easy writing this story was.The boy could not stop writing.He looked at the word count and saw
the number “248”staring right back at him.He was not even halfway yet.
Then he heard his mother's call of saying time for bed.He continued writing the piece，ignoring
her.He had to make up for the time he had lost in thinking about a topic to write.
Finally，he finished.The word count now read“498”．
“Perfect，”he thought，“Just under the word limit.”He knew this was the story that would
win.
He went to the website and searched for the competition.He found the page but there was
no“Enter” button.
Confused，he then reread the page again.It read COMPETITION CLOSED.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。小男孩坐在电脑前，苦思冥想地进行写作。他参加的
是一个网络写作比赛，可是怎么也想不出写作主题。好一会儿后，他茅塞顿开，快速敲击键
盘，可是等到他写好文章准备提交时，页面上却显示“COMPETITION CLOSED”。
5．What caused the boy to take part in the writing competition?
A．A new computer.
B．The prize money.
C．His own interest.
D．His mom's encouragement.
解析：D [考查细节理解。根据第二段尾句“His mom had encouraged him to enter the writing
competition，and now he was taking it on as his personal task for the holidays”可知，他的妈妈鼓
励他参加写作比赛，现在他把写作作为假期的个人任务；据此可知，他参加写作比赛是他妈妈鼓励的，故 D 项正确。]
6．How did the boy finish his earlier writing?
A．His mom helped him.
B．He copied others' ideas.
C．His friends assisted him.
D．He used his imagination.
解析：B [考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“Every story he ever wrote was based on other
stories”可知，他之前写的每一个故事都是以其他故事为基础；据此可知，以前写作时，他总
是仿照别人的故事写，故 B 项正确。]
7．Why did the boy delay his writing?
A．Because he was terribly lazy.
B．Because he didn't know what to write.
C．Because he wasn't confident.
D．Because he read too many stories.
解析：B [考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“He thought about what to write”及第三段的内
容 “As the boy reflected on his previous writing efforts ； he realized how hopeless his task of
winning was...He had little imagination，and unfortunately，imagination was the key to writing”及
倒数第五段尾句“He had to...write”可知，想象力是写作的关键，而他又缺乏想象力，另外，由
于他不知道写什么，故他延误了写作时间，故 B 项正确。]
8．Which might be the maximum word limit for each entry?
A．100. B．250.
C．500. D．1000.
解 析 ： C [ 考 查 推 理 判 断 。 根 据 第 七 段 “Finally ， he finished.The word count now
read‘498’”可知，他写了 498 个词，终于完成了；结合第八段第一句“'Perfect，'he
thought，‘just under the word limit.’”可知，他认为太完美了，刚好低于限定的词数；据此
可以判断，文章的最高限定词数可能为 500，故 C 项正确。]
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