2020届新高考英语二轮对点集训：第二板块专题一第二部分第3讲主旨大意题（Word版附解析）.doc

第二板块 第二部分 第 3 讲 [小题夯基练] 1．Steven Stein likes to follow garbage trucks.His strange habit makes sense when you consider that he's an environmental scientist who studies how to reduce litter，including things that fall off garbage trucks as they drive down the road.What is even more interesting is that one of Stein's jobs is defending an industry behind the plastic shopping bag. Americans use more than 100 billion thin film plastic bags every year.So many end up in tree branches or along highways that a growing number of cities do not allow them at checkouts(收银 台)．The bags are prohibited in some 90 cities in California，including Los Angeles.Eyeing these headwinds，plastic­bag makers are hiring scientists like Stein to make the case that their products are not as bad for the planet as most people assume. Among the bag makers' argument；many cities with bans still allow shoppers to purchase paper bags，which are easily recycled but require more energy to produce and transport.And while plastic bags may be ugly to look at，they represent a small percentage of all garbage on the ground today. The industry has also taken aim at the product that has appeared as its replacement：reusable shopping bags.The stronger a reusable bag is ， the longer its life and the more plastic­bag use it cancels out.However，longer­lasting reusable bags often require more energy to make.One study found that a cotton bag must be used at least 131 times to be better for the planet than plastic. Environmentalists don't dispute( 质 疑 )these points.They hope paper bags will be banned someday too and want shoppers to use the same reusable bags for years. Q：What is the best title for the text? A．Plastic，Paper or Neither B．Industry，Pollution and Environment C．Recycle or Throw Away D．Garbage Collection and Waste Control 解析：A　[根据最后一段中的内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料袋和可重复使用纸袋的利 弊。故选 A。] 2．The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past.The three­day event is not fixed to the same dates each year，but generally takes place in November or December.It is well attended by tourists，but even better attended by locals. During the opening ceremonies，after the official greetings from the government leaders，people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands，and white camels transport their riders across the sands.Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship.One following another，groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture.Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs.On their knees in the sand ， a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair：their long，dark，shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance. … Q：This passage mainly tells readers ________. A．what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival B．how people celebrate during the three­day Sahara Festival C．what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival D．how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival 解析：A　[从文中第二段第一句话“During the opening ceremonies，”可以看出，本文主 要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。故选 A。] 3．Handshaking，though a European practice is often seen in big cities of China.Nobody knows exactly when the practice started in Europe.It is said that long long ago in Europe when people met， they showed their unarmed(无武器的)hands to each other as a sign of goodwill.As time went on and trade in cities grew rapidly，people in cities began to clap each other's hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement.This practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other.“Let's shake (hands)on it”sometimes means agreement reached. Do the Europeans shake hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet ？ No.Sometimes the Chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite.It is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party，especially when it is a woman，shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting does not mean anything to him or her.Even if，for politeness ， he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand ， just touch it slightly.There is generally a misunderstanding(误解)among the Chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward，while the Chinese are rather reserved(保守的)in manner.But in fact some people in western countries more reserved than some Chinese today.So it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you. Q：The first paragraph mainly tells us ________. A．where handshaking was first practised B．how handshaking came about C．about the relationship between handshaking and trade D．about the practice of handshaking both in Europe and in China 解析：B　[在文章第一段说明了握手的来历。实际上也就是谈论握手是怎样产生的。故 选 B。][大题提能练] A (2020·石家庄市高三模拟一)A new“Magic Bench” designed by Disney Research lets you interact( 互 动 )with lovely animated( 动 画 的 )characters—and no special glasses or earphones are required.Instead ， the complete environment—the seat ， the sitter and the cartoon characters—is mirrored on a screen opposite the bench making it possible for others to watch the scene unfold. How does the illusion work？A camera and sensor catch images and gather depth information about physical objects—the bench and the person.And then a computer translates them into the 3D animations.Meanwhile sensors of touch built into the bench deliver shaking that is happening at the same time and speed to animated actions on the screen，creating the illusion that the animated figures are occupying real­world space next to the user. “Our goal for this project was：hear characters coming，see them enter the space，and feel them sit next to you，”said Moshe Mahler，principal digital artist at Disney Research.Unlike the traditional mobile technology，one of whose limitations is that only a single user can see its illusion， the Magic Bench allows groups of people to gather in a single environment and collectively participate in an augmented reality(扩充实境)experience，all at the same time. In a video show，a small cartoon donkey runs into view and kicks the bench，causing a sharp sound and making the seated person jump in surprise.Another test shows two people on the bench， reacting as they“feel” an animated rabbit skip up beside them and jump up and down.When a user passes his hand over the rabbit，a shadow moves across its head，as though it were occupying the same physical space as the person next to it. [语篇解读]　 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了迪斯尼公司设计的“Magic Bench”，它能使 观众与卡通人物互动，该互动通过将座位、模特和卡通人物映在长椅对面的屏幕上，让观众 更加身临其境。 1．What does the Magic Bench need to work properly? A．Special glasses. B．Earphones. C．A mirror. D．A screen. 解析：D　[考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“Instead，the complete environment—the seat，the sitter and the cartoon characters—is mirrored on a screen opposite the bench making it possible for others to watch the scene unfold”可知，屏幕是该互动技术所需要的，故 D 项正 确。] 2．What does the underlined word“illusion”in Paragraph 2 refer to? A．The shaking that is happening.B．The 3D animations on the screen. C．The figures about physical objects. D．The interaction with animated figures. 解析：D　[考查词义猜测。根据第一段的内容，尤其是第一句中“lets you interact(互动)with lovely animated(动画的)characters”可知，这种方式让观众和可爱的动画人物互动；结合第二 段第一句“How does the illusion work？”可知，该句提问这种和动画人物互动的技术是如何 运作的，由此可推知，画线词是指“和动画人物的互动”，故 D 项正确。] 3．How is the Magic Bench different from the traditional technology? A．Its fantasy can be seen only by a single user. B．It is designed to create more animated characters. C．It allows many people to experience the fantasy together. D．Its user and the animated character occupy the same space. 解析：C　[考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句“Unlike the traditional mobile technology，one of whose limitations is that only a single user can see its illusion，the Magic Bench allows groups of people to gather in a single environment and collectively participate in an augmented reality(扩充实 境)experience，all at the same time”可知，与传统移动技术不同的是，传统移动技术的限制之 一是只有一个用户可以看到这种互动，而 Magic Bench 允许一群人聚集在一个单独的环境中集 体同时参与互动体验。故 C 项正确。] 4．Which is the best title of the text? A．Magic Bench Puts You in the Picture B．Audiences Become Cartoon Characters C．Entertainment Industry Enters a New Stage D．Disney's Cartoon Figures Come into Reality 解析：A　[考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了迪斯尼公司设计的能使观众 与卡通人物互动的“Magic Bench”，该互动通过将座位、模特和卡通人物映在长椅对面的屏幕 上，让观众更加身临其境。故 A 项最适合作本文标题。] B (2020·昆明市高三质检)Five­year­old Prisilla Perez，a student at Meador Elementary School in Willis，was unhappy with her recent haircut，which resulted from a severe disease.When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy，she felt ashamed，often crying and losing focus in school. Her teacher，Shannon Grimm，sympathized with her unhappiness.Grimm and Prisilla's mom were concerned，but their ideas didn't work.“We had classroom discussions about how girls have short hair and boys have long hair ， and I showed them photos of movie stars with different looks，”Grimm said.“However，it wasn't sinking in.”Grimm thought about Prisilla throughout the winter break，and one morning，she had an idea： Cut off her hair—a scary thought for Grimm ，who wore her hair long and took pride in it.“I've never had short hair，and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision，”she said.On Jan.4 ， Grimm invited a hairstylist friend to her home.“I told him to keep going ， even if I cried，”she said. The class loved their teacher's new do，especially Prisilla，who excitedly ran off the school bus that afternoon yelling，“Mom，Ms.Grimm cut her hair！”The teacher also bought matching bows for herself and the girl，so they could style their hair together. In February，the teacher recommended Prisilla for the school district's Student of the Month Award，but during the Monday ceremony，she received a surprise“hero medal”from the girl.“Now we have matching awards，”says Grimm. Prisilla's mother ， Maria ， said that Grimm's thoughtfulness brought her to tears.“I was shocked.I was crying.I couldn't believe it—she did something I wouldn't have the bravery to do.I will never forget that.” [语篇解读]　 本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了 Grimm 老师剪短头发以帮助学生 Prisilla 的 故事。 5．Why was Prisilla unhappy at school? A．She wasn't satisfied with her teacher. B．She couldn't concentrate in class. C．She was laughed at by her classmates. D．She couldn't get on well with others. 解析：C　[考查细节理解。根据第一段第二句“When students in her class started calling Prisilla a boy，she felt ashamed，often crying and losing focus in school”可知，Prisilla 在学校不 开心是因为她被同学嘲笑。] 6．What made Grimm have her own hair cut? A．Praise from her students. B．Devotion to her students. C．Request of Prisilla's mother. D．Suggestion from the hairstylist. 解析：B　[考查推理判断。根据第三段的内容，尤其是“Grimm thought about Prisilla...she had an idea：Cut off her hair”可知，Prisilla 因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，为了安慰 Prisilla， Grimm 老师决定把自己的头发剪短。由此可推知，Grimm 老师出于对学生的关爱才剪短了头 发。] 7．What can we know about Grimm?A．She had her hair cut together with Prisilla. B．She expressed her sincere thanks to her pupils. C．She hesitated a lot before having her hair cut. D．She won a gold medal for facing difficulties bravely. 解析：C　[考查细节理解。根据第三段第二句中的“I've never had short hair，and I stressed about it for two weeks before making a decision”可知，Grimm 老师剪短头发之前很犹豫。] 8．What is the text mainly about? A．How Grimm helped her student out. B．What problem Prisilla had at school. C．Why Prisilla won the Month Award. D．When Grimm got her new hairstyle. 解析：A　[考查主旨大意。通读全文可知，Prisilla 因为是短头发而被同学嘲笑，她在学 校很不开心，Grimm 老师为了帮助、安慰她剪短了自已的头发，故 A 项正确。] C In the 1760s，Mathurin Roze opened a series of shops that boasted(享有)a special meat soup called consommé.Although the main attraction was the soup，Roze's chain shops also set a new standard for dining out，which helped to establish Roze as the inventor of the modern restaurant. Today，scholars have generated large amounts of instructive research about restaurants.Take visual hints that influence what we eat：diners served themselves about 20 percent more pasta(意大 利面食) when their plates matched their food.When a dark­colored cake was served on a black plate rather than a white one，customers recognized it as sweeter and more tasty. Lighting matters，too.When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness，they couldn't tell how much they'd had ； those given extra­large shares ate more than everyone else ， but were none_the_wiser—they didn't feel fuller，and they were just as ready for dessert. Time is money ， but that principle means different things for different types of restaurants.Unlike fast­food places，fine dining shops prefer customers to stay longer and spend.One way to encourage customers to stay and order that extra round：put on some Mozart(莫扎特)．When classical ， rather than pop music was playing ， diners spent more.Fast music hurried diners out.Particular scents also have an effect：diners who got the scent of lavender(熏衣草)stayed longer and spent more than those who smelled lemon，or no scent. Meanwhile，things that you might expect to discourage spending—“bad”tables，crowding，high prices—don't necessarily.Diners at bad tables—next to the kitchen door，say—spent nearly as much as others but soon fled.It can be concluded that restaurant keepers need not“be overly concerned about‘bad’tables，”given that they're profitable.As for crowds，a Hong Kong study found that they increased a restaurant's reputation，suggesting great food at fair prices.And doubling a buffet's price led customers to say that its pizza was 11 percent tastier. [语篇解读]　 本文是一篇说明文，主要通过引入现代餐馆的鼻祖马蒂兰·罗兹制订的标准 以及学者对于餐馆的研究来介绍现代餐馆在经营中影响食客消费的几个要素：视觉要素(餐具、 灯光)、听觉要素(音乐)、嗅觉要素(气味)、其他要素(桌位、拥挤程度和价格)。本文旨在通过 现代餐馆的经营理念，让考生了解西方现代餐馆的经营之道。 9 ． The underlined phrase“none the wiser”in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were ________. A．not aware of eating more than usual B．not willing to share food with others C．not conscious of the food quality D．not fond of the food provided 解析：A　[词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“...those given extra­large shares ate more than everyone else，but were none_the_wiser—they didn't fell fuller...”可知，那些被给以大份饭菜的 食客比其他人吃得多，但他们没觉得更饱，这说明在黑暗的就餐环境下，食客并不清楚自己 多吃了多少，所以此处的 none the wiser 是“不清楚，不知道”之意。故选 A 项。] 10．How could a fine dining shop make more profit? A．Playing classical music. B．Introducing lemon scent. C．Making the light brighter. D．Using plates of larger size. 解析：A　[细节理解题。根据第四段中的“when classical，rather than pop music was playing，diners spent more.”可知，当演奏古典音乐而不是流行音乐的时候，食客们会花更多 的钱。spent more 就是对题干中 make more profit 的语意转化。故选 A 项。] 11．What does the last paragraph talk about? A．Tips to attract more customers. B．Problems restaurants are faced with. C．Ways to improve restaurants' reputation. D．Common misunderstandings about restaurants. 解析：D　[段落大意题。根据最后一段首句中的“things that you might expect to discourage spending—‘bad’tables，crowding，high prices—don't necessarily”可知，你可能认为会打消你 消费的念头的东西——位置“不好”的桌位、拥挤和价格高——未必如此(指在某些人看来， 这些不利因素未必不会带来利润的增加)。由此可知，作者认为这些对于餐馆的常见观点是一 种误解，故选 D 项。]