第二板块 第二部分 第 4 讲
[小题夯基练]
1．(2020·潍坊调研)“I know that，Kim.And please，call me Bill.But what I expect is for you
to think independently and introduce new ideas.I need more input from you—more feedback on how
things are going.I don't need a ‘yes man’．You never tell me what you think.You just smile as
though everything is fine.”
“But，”said Kim，“I feel that since you are my superior，it would be presumptuous of me to
tell you what to do.”
Q：The word“presumptuous”in the passage is close in meaning to “________”．
A．full of respect
B．too confident and rude
C．lacking in experience
D．too shy and quiet
解析：B [本题考查对生词 presumptuous 意思的猜测。根据生活常识可知，对于长辈和
上司，随意称呼他们的名字和直接提意见是傲慢无礼的。故选 B 项。]
2．(2019·衡水高考预测)Helen's attitude toward dealing with criminals has changed over the
years.She used to believe that everyone could change and deserved a second chance.She now
believes that some crimes are so heinous that those responsible should be shown no mercy.
Q：What does the underlined word“heinous”mean?
A．Guilty.
B．Terrible.
C．Accidental.
D．Unimportant.
解析：B [这个句子使用了 so...that...句式，表示“如此……以至于……”。根据语境和结
果“有罪的人不应该被给予同情”可以推知，不同情他们的原因是他们的罪行太深，故 heinous
的意思应该是“极恶毒的，道德败坏的”。故选 B 项。]
3 ． (2018· 北 京 卷 D 篇 )A study from the University of California at Davis suggested that
replacing petrolpowered private cars worldwide with electric，selfdriving and shared systems could
reduce carbon emissions from transportation 80% and cut the cost of transportation infrastructure
( 基 础 设 施 ) and operations 40% by 2050.Fewer emissions and cheaper travel sound pretty
appealing.The first commercially available driverless cars will almost certainly be fielded by
ridehailing services, considering the cost of selfdriving technology as well as liability and
maintenance issues(责任与维护问题)．..Q：What does the underlined word “fielded” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Employed.
B．Replaced.
C．Shared.
D．Reduced.
解析：A [fielded 常用作名词，表示“地；场地；领域”，此处用作动词，引申为“使用，
应用”之意。根据上下文可知，此处表示“考虑到无人驾驶技术的成本和责任与维护问题，
叫车服务(公司)将运用第一批可使用的商业无人驾驶汽车”。故选 A 项。]
4．(2019·山东省联考)We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you
should put something back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for
kids who are seriously ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't
see each other all that regularly ， but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other
financially and by showing up at events.
…
Q：What does the underlined word“that”in this passage refer to?
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
解析：A [本题考查代词的指代含义，属于广义的词义猜测题。代词指代的大都是前面
已经出现的名词，为了避免重复而使用了代词。根据上文的内容可知，让作者和朋友走到一
起的是两个人共同的信念。故选 A 项。]
[大题提能练]
A
(2020·黑龙江齐齐哈尔一模)83yearold Antonio Vicente has spent the last four decades of his
life fighting against the trend.As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to make room for
profitable plantations(种植园)and cattle grounds，he struggled to bring the jungles of his childhood
back to life.
“When I was a child，the peasants cut down the trees to make grasslands and charcoal and the
water dried up and did not come back，”he told the reporters.“I thought：‘Water is valuable，no
one makes water and the population will not stop growing.What is going to happen？We are going
to run out of water.’”
With only some donkeys and a small team of hired workers，Antonio Vicente set about bringing
back the forest to his land.What started out as a weekend hobby soon became a permanent way of
life，and Antonio recalls often spending whole days and nights in his young jungle，surrounded by rats and foxes ，and eating banana sandwiches for breakfast ，lunch and dinner.Over the last 40
years，he has planted an estimated 50,000 trees on his 31hectare land，which now make up a small
but unique area of rainforest，and a haven for wildlife.
As the forest grew，the water returned，and Antonio says that there are now over 20 water
sources on his land that were no longer there when he bought it.Then the animals started making a
home there.Today，the forest is alive with the sounds of birds and insects living there，and more
species are settling in every year.
“There are toucans(巨嘴鸟)，all kinds of birds，squirrels，lizards，and even the boars are
returning，”83yearold Vicente says.“If you ask me who my family are, I would say all is right
here，each one of these that I planted from a seed.”
[语篇解读] 本文主要讲述一位 83 岁的老人用 40 年时间让热带雨林恢复生机的故事。
1．What do we learn about the Brazilian peasants?
A．They wasted much water on farming.
B．They focused on shortterm profits.
C．They cared much about the environment.
D．They relied heavily on rainforests for a living.
解析：B [推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As Brazilian landowners cut down rainforests to
make room for profitable plantations...”及第二段中的“the water dried up and did not come back”可
知，巴西的农民关注的是短期的利益。故选 B。]
2．What used to be young Antonio's biggest concern?
A．Overpopulation.
B．Polluted water.
C．Loss of grasslands.
D．Water shortage.
解析：D [推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Water is valuable，no one makes water and the
population will not stop growing.What is going to happen？We are going to run out of water.”可知，
年轻的 Antonio 最关心的是水的短缺。故选 D。]
3．What does the underlined word“haven”in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A．Trap.
B．Disaster.
C．Shelter.
D．Balance.
解析：C [词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“insects living there，and more species are settling
in every year”可知，昆虫生活在这里，每年更多的物种在这里定居，由此可推断出这里成了野生生物的“安居地，避难所”。故选 C。]
4．In the last paragraph，Antonio mainly expresses his ________.
A．affection for his forest
B．thanks for his family
C．deep love for rare birds
D．pride as a successful farmer
解析：A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If you ask me who my family are，I would say
all is right here，each one of these that I planted from a seed.”可推知，Antonio 主要在表达他对
森林的爱。故选 A。]
B
(2018·全国卷Ⅲ，D)Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects.Why do we
often assume that more_is_more when it comes to kids and their belongings? The good news is that I
can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the preholidays a good time to encourage young children to donate lessused things，
and it worked.Because of our efforts，our daughter Georgia did decide to donate a large bag of toys
to a little girl whose mother was unable to pay for her holiday due to illness.She chose to sell a few
larger objects that were less often used when we promised to put the money into her school fund(基
金)(our kindergarten daughter is serious about becoming a doctor)．
For weeks，I've been thinking of bigger，deeper questions：How do we make it a habit for
them？And how do we train ourselves to help them live with，need，and use less？Yesterday，I sat
with my son，Shepherd，determined to test my own theory on this.I decided to play with him with
only one toy for as long as it would keep his interest.I expected that one toy would keep his attention
for about five minutes，ten minutes，max.I chose a red rubber ball—simple，universally available.We
passed it，he tried to put it in his mouth，he tried bouncing it，rolling it，sitting on it，throwing it.It
was totally，completely enough for him.Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move
on to lunch.
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together.He had my full attention and I
had his.My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，题材是生活哲理。文章介绍了作者如何教育自己
的孩子用更少的物质过更丰富的生活。
5．What do the words“more is more”in paragraph 1 probably mean?
A．The more，the better.
B．Enough is enough.
C．More money，more worries.
D．Earn more and spend more.解析：A [词义猜测题。根据第一段第三句“The good news is that I can help my own kids
learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.”可知，作者不认同前面的 more is more 这种观
点；再根据第一句可知，成人能够理解物质过剩的感受，可是当涉及孩子时，我们却会认为(孩
子)拥有的东西越多越好。more is more 是相对于 enough is enough 而言的。故选 A。]
6．What made Georgia agree to sell some of her objects?
A．Saving up for her holiday.
B．Raising money for a poor girl.
C．Adding the money to her fund.
D．Giving the money to a sick mother.
解析：C [细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句可知，当我们许诺把卖掉这些物品的钱
放到她的教育基金里的时候，她才同意卖。故选 C。]
7．Why did the author play the ball with Shepherd?
A．To try out an idea.
B．To show a parent's love.
C．To train his attention.
D．To help him start a hobby.
解析：A [推理判断题。根据第三段第三句中的“determined to test my own theory on this”
和第四句中的“I decided to play with him”可知，作者和儿子玩耍是为了测试自己的理论：live
more with less。故选 A。]
8．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．Take It or Leave It
B．A Lesson from Kids
C．Live More with Less
D．The Pleasure of Giving
解析：C [标题归纳题。第一段的最后一句是文章中心句，即作者想要教会孩子“how to live
more with less”；接下来是作者为此所做的努力和尝试。文章最后一句也是对中心句的回应。
故选 C。]
C
(2017·浙江，A)Benjamin West，the father of American painting，showed his talent for art when
he was only six years of age.But he did not know about brushes before a visitor told him he needed
one.In those days ， a brush was made from camel's hair.There were no camels nearby.Benjamin
decided that cat hair would work instead.He cut some fur from the family cat to make a brush.
The brush did not last long.Soon Benjamin needed more fur.Before long，the cat began to look
ragged (蓬乱)．His father said that the cat must be sick.Benjamin was forced to admit what he had been doing.
The_cat's_lot_was_about_to_improve. That year ， one of Benjamin's cousins ，
Mr.Pennington，came to visit.He was impressed with Benjamin's drawings.When he went home，he
sent Benjamin a box of paint and some brushes.He also sent six engravings (版画)by an artist.These
were the first pictures and first real paint and brushes Benjamin had ever seen.
In 1747，when Benjamin was nine years old，Mr.Pennington returned for another visit.He was
amazed at what Benjamin had done with his gift.He asked Benjamin's parents if he might take the
boy back to Philadelphia for a visit.
In the city，Mr.Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.The boy began
a landscape ( 风 景 ) painting.William Williams ， a wellknown painter ， came to see him
work.Williams was impressed with Benjamin and gave him two classic books on painting to take
home.The books were long and dull.Benjamin could read only a little ， having been a poor
student.But he later said，“Those two books were my companions by day，and under my pillow at
night.”While it is likely that he understood very little of the books，they were his introduction to
classical paintings.The nineyearold boy decided then that he would be an artist.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了美国著名艺术家本杰明·韦斯特是如何开始
他的艺术生涯的。
9．What is the text mainly about?
A．Benjamin's visit to Philadelphia.
B．Williams' influence on Benjamin.
C．The beginning of Benjamin's life as an artist.
D．The friendship between Benjamin and Pennington.
解析：C [主旨大意题。文章从本杰明在六岁时自制画笔作画写起，到后来利用专业工
具作画，再到知名画家送给本杰明书籍，都是在讲述本杰明是如何一步步走上艺术之路的，
故选 C。]
10．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 3 suggest?
A．The cat would be closely watched.
B．The cat would get some medical care.
C．Benjamin would leave his home shortly.
D．Benjamin would have real brushes soon.
解析：D [句意理解题。由前文可知，本杰明在没有专业画笔之前是用猫的毛制作画笔
的。画线句的字面意思是“猫的命运将会得到改善”。由该段后文可知，本杰明的表兄送给了
他专业的颜料和画笔。由此可推知 D 项与画线句的意思相符。]
11．What did Pennington do to help Benjamin develop his talent?
A．He took him to see painting exhibitions.B．He provided him with painting materials.
C．He sent him to a school in Philadelphia.
D．He taught him how to make engravings.
解析：B [细节理解题。短文第四段提到“He was amazed at what Benjamin had done with his
gift.”，接着下一段又谈到“... Mr Pennington gave Benjamin materials for creating oil paintings.”由
此可知，潘宁顿送给本杰明绘画材料来帮助他发展艺术才能，故选 B 项。]
12．Williams' two books helped Benjamin to________.
A．master the use of paints
B．appreciate landscape paintings
C．get to know other painters
D．make up his mind to be a painter
解析：D [细节理解题。由文章最后两句可知，这两本书是他们通往古典绘画的入门教
程，也帮助他下定决心成为一名画家，故选 D 项。]
D
(2017·全国Ⅱ，B)I first met Paul Newman in 1968，when George Roy Hill，the director of
Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid，introduced us in New York City.When the studio didn't want
me for the film—it wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.I don't know how
many people would have done that; they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.
The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years
later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference，we both came from a tradition
of theater and live TV.We were respectful of craft(技艺)and focused on digging into the characters
we were going to play.Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors:
humorous ， aggressive ， and making fun of each other—but always with an underlying
affection.Those were also at the core (核心)of our relationship off the screen.
We shared the belief that if you're fortunate enough to have success，you should put something
back—he with his Newman's Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously
ill，and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival.Paul and I didn't see each other all that
regularly，but sharing that brought us together.We supported each other financially and by showing
up at events.
I last saw him a few months ago.He'd been in and out of the hospital.He and I both knew what
the deal was，and we didn't talk about it.Ours was a relationship that didn't need a lot of words.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员保罗·纽曼之间的
友谊。13.Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?
A．Paul Newman wanted it.
B．The studio powers didn't like his agent.C．He wasn't famous enough.
D．The director recommended someone else.
解析：C [细节理解题。根据第一段中的“When the studio didn't want me for the film—it
wanted somebody as well known as Paul—he stood up for me.”可知，电影公司想要像保罗那样
出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选 C 项。]
14．Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?
A．They were of the same age.
B．They worked in the same theater.
C．They were both good actors.
D．They had similar characteristics.
解析：D [推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很
幽默、有进取心，并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选 D 项。]
15．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A．Their belief.
B．Their care for children.
C．Their success.
D．Their support for each other.
解析：A [代词指代题。根据第三段第一句“We shared the belief that...”以及下面对 belief
的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”使他们两人连在一起，故选 A 项。]
16．What is the author's purpose in writing the text?
A．To show his love of films.
B．To remember a friend.
C．To introduce a new movie.
D．To share his acting experience.
解析：B [写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊
慢慢加深，以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，
故选 B 项。]
E
(2019·河南新乡二模)Throughout the past few years，I have tried to give myself to others.I
have bounced around to find where I truly fit in.I found my place while I stayed in Guatemala，an
orphanage(孤儿院)，with the children living there.Through hearing many stories of their lives，I was
moved to tears and started to question my living ways and gave up everything that wasn't essential：
makeup and any other sort of luxury(奢侈品)．I lived like they did.It was the most relaxing feeling
in the world.When at Nuestros Pequenos Hermanos，we were given the task of creating a pig pen.At first，I
thought it should be easy.After arriving at the area where the pig pen should be，we saw a hill.We
were told to uproot the weeds as well as level the entire area.Looking at it ，we felt it would be
impossible.On my own faith journey，I have felt this type of doubt before.The“hole”，as we referred
to，is a symbol of my faith journey.It appeared to be an obstacle I could not overcome，but in the end
I competed it with efforts.I feel this pig pen wasn't easy to create but was so rewarding to give.
I've always struggled to be on a journey of faith，but I've never completely stepped foot onto the
path until Guatemala.I've always tried to open my heart to everyone around me and give them my
love.I feel as though I cut open my heart and share every bit of love I had with these orphans.There
is one orphan named Ceto who will always remain very close to my heart.In Guatemala，I sponsor
with thirty dollars a month，but it doesn't seem enough.I'll return there next summer and give more of
my love for a whole month.
When it was time to leave ， I looked out of the window and saw not just ordinary
children.Overall，the most significant accomplishment I made in Guatemala was stepping towards
my own faith journey and not looking back.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在危地马拉期间，改变了自己的
生活，从而改变了自己的人生。
17．What resulted in the author's decision to live a new life?
A．Desire to help others.
B．Decrease in his income.
C．A knowledge of the orphans' life.
D．Awareness of the difficulty in his life.
解析：C [细节理解题。根据第一段第三、四句可知，作者了解到孤儿的生活之后，决
定改变自己的生活。故选 C。]
18．What does the underlined word“it”in Paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Removing the doubt.
B．Uprooting the weed.
C．Starting the faith journey.
D．Creating the pig pen.
解析：D [代词指代题。根据画线词后面的“I feel this pig pen wasn't easy to create but was so
rewarding to give.”可以猜测出，it 代指建造猪圈这件事。故选 D。]
19．What did the author think of his experience in Guate mala?
A．It was regretful.
B．It was meaningful.
C．It was interesting.D．It was frightening.
解析：B [推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant accomplishment
I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推断
出，作者认为在危地马拉的经历是有意义的。故选 B。]
20．What may be the best title for the text?
A．A Step into a New World
B．An Awful Faith Journey
C．A Great Success in Life
D．A Return of Confidence
解析：A [标题归纳题。根据最后一段中的“Overall，the most significant accomplishment
I made in Guatemala was stepping towards my own faith journey and not looking back.”可以推断
出，在危地马拉期间，作者改变了自己的生活，从而改变了人生。故用 A Step into a New World
作为本文的标题最佳。故选 A。]
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