人大附中 2019~2020 学年度高三4月自主练习
英 语
2020年4月14日
本试卷共 12 页，共 120 分。考试时长 100 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分）
第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
When I was nine years old, I lived in a small town. I found an ad for selling greeting cards in the back of a children's magazine. I thought to 1. (I) that I could do this. I begged my mother to let me send for the kit (配件). Two weeks later the kit 2. (arrive). The next three hours later, I returned home with no card and a pocket full of money 3. (shout), "Mama, all the people couldn't wait to buy my cards!" A salesperson was born.
B
Boris Johnson, the prime minister, has been admitted 4. hospital for tests after suffering from symptoms of the coronavirus for 10 days. The decision 5. (take) for precautionary reasons on the advice of his doctor and it was not 6. emergency admission, the prime minister's office said in a statement on Sunday night. Johnson has had a high temperature since Thursday March 26. He tested positive for COVID-19 the following day, and continues to have persistent symptoms.
The prime minister thanked NHS staff for all of their incredible hard work and urged the public
7. (continue) to follow the government’s advice to stay at home, protect the NHS and save lives. Johnson remained in charge of the government, and was still in contact with ministers and officials.
C
China is well known as the Kingdom of Bamboo. Bamboo culture has already been rooted in Chinese minds 8. the long history. To the Chinese people, bamboo is the symbol of virtue, reflecting people’s soul and emotion. Bamboo has the title of “the gentleman of plants”. Its deep root symbolizes
9. (determine) and its straight and hollow pole represents straightness and modesty. Bamboo culture always plays a positive role in encouraging Chinese people to hold on 10. facing tough situations.
第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
It was late, about 10:15 p.m., when Janice Esposito arrived at the Bellport train station; she jumped into her Honda Odyssey and began the 20-minute drive home to her husband and seven-year-old son. She’d just returned from visiting her mother and had traveled the route many times before. She practically
11 on autopilot: a left onto Station Road, then a left on Montauk Highway, and then—wham! Out of nowhere a car T-boned Esposito’s minivan, 12 her to move backward some 100 feet onto the railroad tracks. She 13 in the minivan, bruised but mostly just knocked out by the
14 and the airbags.
As it happened, Pete DiPinto was getting ready for 15 . He’d just closed his book and was getting under the covers when he heard the sound of metal on metal and breaking glass coming from not far outside his bedroom window. A volunteer 16 and retired teacher, DiPinto, 64, never 17 to think. He grabbed a flashlight and, still dressed in his pajamas , ran out the door. “Any firefighter would have done what I did,” he told Newsday. “We’re always on 18 .”
The first car he came upon, 2,000 feet from his front yard, was the one that had 19 Esposito. Once DiPinto concluded the driver was OK, he looked around and 20 Esposito’s minivan positioned on the the railroad tracks. And then he heard a terrible sound: the bells signaling an oncoming 21 .
“The gates were starting to come down,” he told Newsday. “I see the headlight of the train.” DiPinto ran quickly to Esposito’s minivan and knocked on the driver’s side window. She 22 looked at him, her eyes unfocused. “I don’t know where I am,” she said. She seemed unhurt. “Honey, you’re on the railroad
23 ,” DiPinto shouted. “We have to get you off right now!” He pulled hard on the 24 , but the door was crashed in and 25 . The heavy diesel train, traveling at 65 miles per hour, was moving fast toward them. DiPinto ran to the passenger side and threw open the 26 . “Please, don’t let her be
27 ,” he thought. He pushed aside the deflating (瘪了的) airbags, grabbed Esposito’s arms, and
28 her toward him across the passenger seat until he could help her out and quickly get her to
29 behind a signal box a few feet away. Within six seconds, he estimated, the train crashed into the minivan. “It was like a Hollywood movie,” DiPinto told reporters the next day.
But this one had a twist. “Last night,” South Country Ambulance chief Greg Miglino told CBS New York, “the 30 arrived in pajamas, not in a fire truck.”
11. A. walked
B. drove
C. hiked
D. rode
12. A. ordering
B. forcing
C. allowing
D. reminding
13. A. sat
B. waited
C. stood
D. hid
14. A. noise
B. action
C. impact
D. bomb
15. A. work
B. dinner
C. class
D. bed
16. A. driver
B. doctor
C. firefighter
D. engineer
17 A. stopped
B. troubled
C. wanted
D. intended
18. A. duty
B. target
C. time
D. schedule
19. A. caught
B. warned
C. hit
D. followed
20. A. spotted
B. observed
C. predicted
D. realized
21. A. train
B. car
C. truck
D. ambulance
22. A. yet
B. just
C. even
D. still
23. A. yards
B. bridges
C. stations
D. tracks
24. A. belt
B. bell
C. key
D. handle
25. A. open
B. jammed
C. unlocked
D. gone
26. A. bag
B. door
C. book
D. box
27. A. scared
B. ignored
C. trapped
D. defeated
28. A. guided
B. rushed
C. carried
D. pulled
29. A. work
B. return
C. safety
D. life
30. A. police
B. reporter
C. actor
D. hero
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分）
第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
What it does
The self-cleaning door handle is combining with advanced photocatalytic ( 光 催 化 ) and blacklight technology. A light source activates the door’s handle coating, telling it to start cleaning. It can minimize the risk of infection by contact and improve the cleanliness of a space.
How it works
The working principle of the product is that a thin advanced photocatalytic coating can effectively decompose bacteria ( 细 菌 ) on the surface of a substance. A consistent UV light source—inside a transparent glass door handle—is required to activate the door’s handle coating on the outer surface for disinfection, so a generator is used to provide electricity to light up a UV LED lamp by the motion of an opening and closing door. Then, the door handle can clean by itself.
Design process
We made the first version by using stainless steel. However, it caused the door handle to be heavier. Then, we tried aluminum, which made it light and easy to fix. We also improved the generator output which effectively turned energy from door movement into a light source.
How it is different
Our innovative design is simple, effective, and attractive. It has an elegant smooth shape, and its minimalist appearance stands out in today’s world of inventions. Nowadays, people use chemical cleaning materials to clean up public areas but it harms the human body. Our design can be used for a
long time and is effective. It can self-clean after each use. In the door lock and door handle market, it is a unique design because there are no similar products.
Future plans
In the future, we will commercialize the product and hope that it can compete on the market with similar products. We are going to connect with public properties, for example, shopping malls, hotels, hospitals and public restrooms, where the risk of spreading infection is higher.
Awards
In addition to winning the James Dyson Award, it has also received the Gold Award, and in 2016, it was featured in the 44th International Geneva Inventions Exhibition.
31. How does the self-cleaning door handle function?
A. It controls the door movement automatically.
B. The light source tells the door handle coating to clean itself.
C. Chemical cleaning materials are used to clean it up.
D. It minimizes the risk of infection by less contact.
32. Compared with the first version of the product, the present one is .
A. cleaner and easier B. more attractive and expensive
C. less heavy and more effective D. safer and cheaper
33. What do we know about the new invention according to the passage?
A. It is quite competitive among similar products.
B. It has received recognition for its innovation.
C. It will replace traditional chemical cleaning materials.
D. It has been widely used in public areas.
B
Last summer, Katie Steller pulled off the freeway on her way to work in Minneapolis. She stopped at a traffic light, where a man was sitting with a sign asking for help. She rolled down her window.
“Hey!” she shouted. “I’m driving around giving free hair cuts. If I go grab my chair, do you want one right now?”
The man looked to be in his 60s. He was balding, and missing a few teeth. As Steller liked to tell the story, he laughed, then paused. “Actually,” he said, “I have a funeral to go to this week. I was really hoping to get a hair cut.”
Steller pulled out a red chair from her car and helped the man cut his hair immediately. After the work was finished, Edward looked in a mirror. “I look good!” he said.
Until last year, Steller had given such haircuts to people living on the margins(边缘) around the city. She was keenly aware of the power of her cleanup job.
“It’s more than a haircut,” she said. “I want it to be a gateway, to show value and respect, but also to get to know people. I want to build relationships.”
Steller knew that a haircut could change a life. One changed hers: Asateen, she suffered from a severe disease, her hair thinned drastically. Seeing this, her mother arranged for Steller’s first professional haircut.
“To sit down and have somebody look at me and talk to me like a person and not just an illness, it helped me feel cared about and less alone,” she said.
After that, Steller knew she wanted to have her own salon so she could help people feel the way she’d felt that day. Not long after finishing cosmetology school in 2009, she began what she now calls her Red Chair Project, reaching out to people on the streets. Her aim was that by doing some kind acts, others would be inspired to spread their own.
“Part of what broke my heart was just how lonely people looked,” she said. “I thought may be I’d go around and ask if people want free haircuts. I can’t fix their problems, but maybe I can help them feel less alone for a moment.”
It all began with a belief in simple acts of kindness, such as a free haircut. “The way you show up in the world matters,” said Steller. “You have no idea what people are going to do with the kindness that you give them.”
34. How did Steller react to the man’s asking for help?
A. She paid no attention.
B. She offered a free haircut to him.
C. She sent a red chair to him as a present.
D. She told an interesting story to make him happy.
35. What did Steller mean by saying “It’s more than a haircut” inparagraph6?
A. She thought it was a respectable job.
B. She had found more advantages for the job.
C. She considered haircut as a way to make friends
D. She hoped her job could make a difference to others
36. What did Steller expect from Red Chair Project?
A. To earn a lot of money.
B. To know more people.
C. To pass down the kindness.
D. To make herself stand out.
37. What does the story mainly tell us?
A. A Cut Above.
B. A Beautiful Salon.
C. The Good Belief.
D. The Miracle of Love.
C
Store owners have been inventing new tricks to get consumers into their stores and purchasing their goods. Even as we find new strategies to resist, neuroscientists (神经科学家) are employed at marketing agencies across the country to best figure out what is going through a consumer’s brain at each point in the decision process.
We consumers overspend due to the fact that we have a fear of missing the really good deal or having to pay more for the same thing and lose money. Normally, the prefrontal cortex (前额皮层) controls our emotional reactions to things, and keeps us from acting unreasonably by calming down our fears. But an advertiser can disturb our prefrontal cortex just by displaying flashy deal signs, encouraging it to do math on how much money we might save now by buying more of something we don’t actually need yet.
Nostalgia, that regretful affection for past events, is another strong influencer during the holiday season, and it’s shaped by emotion. Emotion—whether good or bad—enhances the formation of memories, engaging more parts of the brain. So hearing a nephew singing a carol, for instance, might reawaken memories associated with that particular song in a much more powerful way than hearing that same nephew sing another song. These kinds of memories are brought back even more easily by sensory input. This might be why we are often greeted by a sensory reminder everywhere we go in a month.
Wherever you purchase gifts, there are social influences on what you buy as well. The holidays are a time when we are especially conditioned to pay more for the label because we’re buying gifts. Receiving a brand-name gift sends the message that “this person has spent more on me, so he or she must value me more.” And it makes sense. If two things seem pretty much the same, how do I know which to choose? Humans have survived as a social species, and we have to rely on each other. So when our brains are trying to make decisions, one of the shortcuts is to assume that if a lot of other people prefer something (and higher cost is often a predictor of that), then there must be a reason.
Much of our holiday spending is driven by unplanned purchases. Plan ahead, resist the urge to purchase in the moment, make notes for comparison shopping, and if the deal is actually good, then it will hold up to inspection and you’ll feel good about your purchases later. Before you blow your budget this season, remember that your brain might be fooling you into that next purchase.
38. From Paragraph 2, we learn that .
A. the prefrontal cortex is the calculation center
B. the common consumers always act unreasonably
C. the sight of flashy deal signs may fill consumers with fear
D. the advertisers make consumers pay more for the same thing
39. According to Paragraph 3, which of the following can work on consumers?
A. Creating a festival atmosphere. B. Following the current fashion.
C. Preparing more free samples. D. Offering a bigger discount.
40. Why do we buy brand-name gifts during the holiday?
A. They are more reliable. B. They are a sign of social status.
C. They make people feel valued. D. They are favored by most people.
41. To avoid overspending, the author suggests we .
A. buy in the moment B. reduce our budget
C. return unnecessary products D. make a plan in advance
D
The Impossible Burger is entirely free of meat. But it looks, smells, feels and—most importantly—tastes so much like real hamburger beef. In fact, plant-based burger alternatives have set off a strong resistance from the beef industry. The Center for Consumer Freedom, a nonprofit that advocates on behalf of the fast food and meat industries has launched an “informational” campaign targeting plant-based meats. The campaign has included TV and online ads, as well as print ads in newspapers. The ads seem to imply that not only is an artificial burger too processed, but that it might be even less healthy than the average beef burger.
While it’s true that a plant-based meat alternative is processed and it’s true that eating one is
not as healthy as a pile of raw vegetables, it’s best to take the ads with a generous pinch of salt.
For instance, the additives and preservatives in plant-based meat highlighted in one ad sure sound scary. Who wants something called titanium dioxide (二氧化钛) in their meal? But the truth is that additives such as those listed in the ads are regularly used in all sorts of packaged foods. And if methylcellulose, a food thickener, sounds unpleasant, it’s really nothing compared with salmonella (沙门菌) poisoning you can get from regular meat.
Also, the ad campaign misses the bigger point. Choosing an Impossible or Beyond burger
isn’t just about eating healthy. Burgers, whether they are made from processed pea protein or processed meat, will never be as healthy as organic raw vegetables.
What’s appealing is the prospect of enjoying a juicy burger without the bitter aftertaste of guilt.
Let’s face it, there are huge environmental costs to eating cows. Cattle raising is contributing to climate change, and not just because methane ( 甲 烷 ) from cows and cattle is responsible for about 14.5% of greenhouse gas. More broadly, our global food production system releases more than a third of the world’s greenhouse gases. Yet we can’t seem to control our meat appetite even knowing that large areas of the Amazon forest have been ruined, and continue to be cut down to make room for more cattle to feed the growing demand for beef. Humans also know full well that many animals live short, cruel lives in awful conditions for the purpose of becoming foods for humans to enjoy at dinner.
A plant-based meat that satisfies meat desires and delivers protein but with a smaller climate footprint is a potential environmental game changer and the reason Impossible Foods was one of those receiving the U.N. Global Climate Action Award in 2019. No wonder the meat industry is on guard.
42. What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?
A. These ads deserve little consideration.
B. We should spread the message of these ads.
C. We’d better be cautious when reading these ads.
D. These ads tell people a lot about plant-based burgers.
43. What do we know about additives and preservatives in plant-based burgers?
A. They are likely to cause poisoning.
B. Their use is within the normal range.
C. Some have not been used in hamburgers.
D. They are used to ensure burgers taste good.
44. What is the author’s attitude towards plant-based burgers?
A. Supportive. B. Neutral. C. Disapproving. D. Doubtful.
45. Which of the following shows the development of ideas in the passage?
A. B.
C. D.
第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Automate New Habits So That You’ll Keep to Them
Anyone who’s tried to add something new to their routine knows one thing: Building new habits isn’t easy. 46
The good news: There’s a solution, and it’s called automation. 47 For example: If you want to save more but it seems difficult to achieve, try transferring five dollars to your savings account each time you buy lunch during the week. If you want to do more sports but aren’t motivated to go to the gym every day, try doing 5 pushups after each time you use the restroom.
That sounds easy. 48 “Automation works well in developing new behavior patterns because it involves the use of positive reinforcement(强化), which is one of the most powerful tools for behavior
change,” Kahina Louis, a psychologist, tells Shine.
“As you’re engaging in gradual steps toward your goals, you may quickly start to experience feelings of accomplishment and pride that you’re making the changes you wanted to make,” she says. “Those positive feelings are forms of reinforcement, and you are more likely to continue doing things that reinforce you.”
Along with its positive reinforcement, automation emphasizes the impact of small changes in making a big difference. Though we all love the major successes, the small changes along the way are what get us there in the first step. 49 “As you show yourself each small change you’ve made, you’re giving yourself the message that you are capable of accomplishment,” Louis says. “That feeling and self-belief are extremely helpful to have as you continue toward creating new behavior change.”
50 Take a look at what things you keep doing throughout the day or course of the week to decide when to add new automation. Louis says, “For example: If you know that you’re always extremely tired after work, then you might consider picking an auto habit that occurs in your morning routine rather than in the evening.”
Louis also explains that although you should pick a behavior that occurs frequently enough to maximize the opportunities to build towards your goal, try not to choose an already existing behavior that occurs too often—like checking your phone or drinking of water. “You might not even realize you’re doing it, and may then miss a lot of chances to perform the new habit,” she says.
A. Find your auto habits.
B. It takes time and insistence.
C. But it turns out to be efficient while trying.
D. Consider auto habits that occur at times or places.
E. It’s the small steps that fuel your motivation and self-belief.
F. It is when you add what you’d like to be your new habit onto an existing habit.
G. Building a new habit requires strong mind to help the process go along smoothly.
第三部分：书面表达（共两节，35 分）
第一节（15 分）
假假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你的英国好友 Jim 在做关于“中学生做家务”的调查，想了解你做家务的情况。请你给他回复邮件，内容包括：
1. 你平时做哪些家务；
2. 你对中学生做家务的看法。
注意：1. 词数不少于 50；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数
Dear Jim, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
第二节（20 分）
假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。上周,你们班参加了学校的“爱科学月”板报展活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，写一篇英文周记，记述整个过程。
注意：词数不少于 60。
提示词：人工智能Artificial Intelligence
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
微信/支付宝扫码支付