2020届全国高考英语全真模拟试题（二）
注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍
1. What is the woman doing?
A. Selling coffee. B. Visiting a museum. C. Asking for directions.
2. What affects the man’s phone bill?
A. His family’s Internet use. B. The taxes and extra fees. C. His calls and texts.[来源:学科网]
3. Why did the woman buy the hat?
A. It offers complete sun protection.
B. It’s cheaper than baseball hats.
C. It was easy to purchase on the Internet.
4. What does the woman mean?
A. She’s been extremely busy.
B. She dreams of becoming a millionaire.
C. She’s proud of being able to do many things.
5. What does the man think of the soup?
A. It’s too thick. B. It’s not very good. C. It needs a bit more flavor.
第二节
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有2至4个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有5秒钟的时间阅读各个小题；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the girl suggest about the first pair of shoes?
A. They’re a good value.
B. They’re easy to walk in.
C. She’ll be popular if she wears them.
7. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Father and daughter. B. Salesman and customer. C. Uncle and niece.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. Who is Ashley Bryan?
A. A poet. B. An artist. C. A famous sailor.
9. How old was Langston Hughes when he died?
A. Forty years old B. Sixty-five years old. C. Ninety-two years old.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Where does the conversation take place?
A. At an airport. B. At the man’s house. C. At the woman’s house.
11. What do we know about the woman?
A. Her suitcase is more than 40 kg.
B. She will take a flight to America.
C. She has a handbag and a large backpack.
12. What time does the flight leave?
A. At 8:30 a.m. B. At 9:30 a.m. C. At 10:30 a.m.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What does the man probably do for a living?
A. He is a journalist. B. He is a film reviewer. C. He is a magazine editor.
14. What is the woman’s favorite film ever?
A. Pulp Fiction. B. Jackie Brown. C. Kill Bill.
15. What day is it today?
A. Thursday. B. Friday. C. Saturday.
16. How does the man feel at the end of the conversation?
A. Very grateful. B. A little annoyed. C. Much more calm.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Where can copies be made?
A. On Level 1. B. On Level 2. C. On Level 3.
18. How many books can a graduate student check out?
A. Up to two. B. Up to five. C. Up to fifteen.
19. What is the late fee for a book that is 10 days overdue?
A. $5. B. $15. C. $20.
20. When does the library close on Friday nights?
A. At 8:30 p.m. B. At 9:00 p.m. C. At 10:00 p.m.
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
FOUR BEST BOOKSHOPS IN LONDON
Looking for something to read while in London? If so, you’re in luck: the British capital happens to have an incredible collection of bookshops.
Daunt Books
Are you going on a trip and want to read a novel or nonfiction book set in the place you’re headed? This bookshop arranges books by country, so it’s easy to find anything by place. (83 Marylebone High Street. Monday-Saturday: 09:00-19:30; Sunday: 11:00-18:00.)
Foyles Books
Dig, if you will, the picture: four miles of shelves holding up to 200,000 books. This legendary (传奇的) bookshop is impossible to leave empty-handed. It was once listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as the biggest bookshop on the planet. (107 Charing Cross Road. Monday-Saturday: 9:00-21:00; Sunday: 11:30-18:00.) Hatchards
In the year 1797, this London bookshop—the oldest in the city today—first flicked on its lights. It stocks an excellent selection of fiction, nonfiction, history and other genres. (187 Piccadilly Street. Monday-Saturday: 09:30-20:00; Sunday: 12:00-18:30.)
London Review Bookshop
There’s an excellent selection of history, philosophy, politics, new fiction and many other genres here. Plus, there’s a nice cafe in which you can crack open that tome (巨著) for the first time and start reading. (14 Bury Place. Monday-Saturday 10:00-18:30; Sunday 12:00-18:00.)
21. Which bookstore was listed in the Guinness Book of World Records?
A. Daunt Books. B. Foyles Books. C. Hatchards. D. London Review Bookshop.
22. What is special about Hatchards?
A. It has a long history. B. It has 200,000 books.
C. It has a cafe. D. It has both fiction and nonfiction books.
23. Which place should you go to if you want to enjoy reading with a coffee?
A. 83 Marylebone High Street. B. 107 Charing Cross Road.
C. 187 Piccadilly Street. D. 14 Bury Place.
B
I’m going to be completely honest. I have no idea how I ended up with this opportunity, I have no idea what I’m doing, but I am very happy to be here.
Last summer a friend tagged me in a Facebook post from BBC Earth and encouraged me to apply to the BBC Presenter Search 2018. The assignment was easy and hard, make a video shorter than 60 seconds where you talk about something in science you think is cool. Simple concept, but for me it was challenging as I want to talk about bryophytes(苔藓植物) forever (which is slightly longer than 60 seconds).
So I decided to make an attempt. I was going to make a 60 second video about sphagnum(水苔), commonly known as peat moss and uncommonly known as an unsung climate hero. Sphagnum is the plant genus that holds the most carbon in the world, it slowly builds up its carbon storage over hundreds of thousands of years and if undisturbed, they never let go of the carbon they gathered.
Making a short video on this was hard because I wanted to include everything. And it became even harder as I had no one to hold the camera. I tied my camera to the scrawniest little tree, swinging in the wind as a bird tried to chase me away from the mud. This chaos ended up as the video “Why sphagnum is
awesome” on my channel. I submitted the video, but didn’t dare to write in the description section of the video that it was a submission, because I never imagined that I could win!
But I did.
I waited two months before I could tell people that I had won the search, and when the news came out, I received the most attention I’ve had in my entire life.
No matter your background, whether you want to pass the time or pass an exam, I really hope you enjoy the video!
24. What can we infer about the author from paragraph 1?
A. She is uncertain about the result. B. She gets used to telling people lies.
C. She is unable to achieve the goal. D. She knows much about the ending.
25. Which of the following is NOT true about sphagnum?
A. It can form its carbon storage in a very slow way.
B. It is universally recognized as an unknown climate hero.
C. It won’t release the carbon without being disturbed.
D. It contains a large amount of carbon.
26. The underlined word “scrawniest” in Paragraph 4 probably means ___________.
A. weakest B. strongest C. shortest D. most energetic
27. What can we learn from the author’s story?
A. She shows great interest in filming the video.
B. Her knowledge helps overcome all the difficulties.
C. Her attitude and hard work pay off eventually.
D. She is more than delighted to gain the most attention.
C
If we want a fair shot at transitioning to renewable energy, we’ll need one critical thing: technologies that can change electricity from wind and sun into a chemical fuel for storage and vice versa (反之亦然). Commercial devices that do this exist, but most are costly and perform only half of the expectation. Now, researchers have created small lab-scale devices that do both jobs. If larger versions work as well, they would help make it possible—or at least more affordable—to run the world on renewables.
The market for such technologies has grown along with renewables: In 2007, solar and wind provided just 0.8% of all power in the United States: in 2017, that number was 8%, according to the U. S. Energy Information Administration. But the demand for electricity often doesn’t match the supply from solar and wind. In sunny California, for example, solar panels regularly produce more power than needed in the middle of the day, but none at night, after most workers and students return home.
Some companies are beginning to install massive rows of batteries in hopes of storing extra energy and balancing the financial sheet. But batteries are costly and store only enough energy to back up the power system for a few hours at most. Another option is to store the energy by transforming it into hydrogen fuel. Devices called electrolyzers (电解器) do this by using electricity—ideally from solar and wind power—to break down water into oxygen and hydrogen gas, a carbon-free fuel. A second set of devices called fuel cells can then transform that hydrogen back to electricity to power cars, trucks, and buses, or to feed it to the power system. But commercial electrolyzers and fuel cells use different catalysts (催化剂) to speed up the two reactions, meaning a single device can t do both jobs. The researchers must conquer this.
“They did a really good job with that.” says Sossina Haile, a chemist at Northwestern University in Evanston. Still, she holds a cautious view that both her new device and the one from the O’Hayre lab are small laboratory demonstrations. For the technology to have a societal impact, researchers will need to scale up the button-size devices, a process that typically reduces performance.
28. What can we learn about the new device from the first paragraph?
A. Its universal use remains to be seen.
B. It is more expensive but more practical.
C. It can transform more renewable energy.
D. It is the most advanced around the world.
29. What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about?
A. The rapid development of American technologies.
B. The potential market for energy transformation technologies.
C. The history of energy transformation technologies.
D. The lack of power in California.
30. What may the researchers focus on next?
A. Lessening costly batteries.
B. Increasing the efficiency of the two reactions.
C. Looking for one shared catalysts for the two reactions.
D Breaking down water into a carbon-free fuel without using electricity.
31. What is Haile’s attitude to the future of the new device?
A. Positive. B. Negative. C. Critical. D. Cautious.
D
Take a walk through Washington and you’ll find plenty of marble memorials(纪念碑). But is that what the future of the memorial-rich city holds? If the winners of a new design competition have their way, probably not.
The Memorials for the Future design competition invited submissions (意见书) from teams throughout the world. Though, the memorials selected won’t actually be built in the city, they were intended to start a discussion about how to think of memorials in a very different future.
Climate Chronograph, the winning project by Team Azimuth Land Craft, greatly departs from memorials as we know them. The project memorializes the harmful effects of climate change by suggesting a memorial at Hains Point, a spot between the Potomac River and Washington Channel. Just 100 years ago, the man-made island was part of the river. It came into existence after the National Park Service decided to turn the confluence(合流点) of the waters into a tidal basin to protect the nearby National Mall from floods.
Those floods are expected to come more and more often as the climate changes. Climate Chronograph will memorialize those changes by planting cherry trees as a kind of tidal gauge(潮位计) that can be used by future visitors to determine just how much water levels have risen.
The other winning projects include a project that frees mechanical parrots that fly over the Jefferson Memorial and collect and retell stories about monuments，a podcast (播客) platform that puts immigrant stories on public transportation, and an interactive memorial that brings national parks to the D. C. Metro. The competition also produced a report that points to ways America can better memorialize the things that matter—strategies that could help cities save money and space.
That’s good news, especially given that D. C. ’s iconic Mall has been closed to new construction. The memorials of the future won’t just turn collective memories toward the stories of new phenomena and groups like climate change and immigrants. Rather, it seems that they’ll make use of space in new creative ways—no marble needed.
32. What is the purpose of the design competition?
A. To select the best design team. B. To find new uses for old memorials.
C. To design new memorials for Washington. D. To explore new ways of experiencing memorials.
33. What can be used to replace the underlined word “departs” in Paragraph 3?
A. Differs B. Benefits C. Suffers D. Learns
34. What do we know about Climate Chronograph?
A. It will be located in a park.
B. It will be built after the competition.
C. It clearly shows the effects of climate change.
D. It uses high-tech equipment to measure climate change.
35. What would be the best title for the text?
A. A memorial to a sad future. B. Marble memorials are out of date.
C. Climate Chronograph, memorial for our future. D. What will the memorials of the future look like?
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Traveling with kids, regardless of the age, is a terrible thing for new parents. Responsibility is high and travel expenses might be unexpected at any point of the trip. If you are planning your first road trip or vacation with children, there are several important things to consider.
Get a child locator. 36 and many parents sometimes lose their kids Popular tourist destinations are overcrowded, too. So, if you are afraid of losing your children, get a child locator to be aware of where your kids are going when they accidentally get lost.
37 You do not need to pack tons of toys, sweets and a tablet full of games in order to keep your little ones entrained. You can encourage them to create a travel journal or smash book, read, tell each
other stories, or give them a camera to capture the most precious moments during your trip. 38
39 This is a must even during the shortest road trip. You can handle a headache, but your child can’t. If you do not know what to put in your first aid kit (急救箱), consult your children’s doctor, because all children are different and the medicines either.
Apart from the above, money, passport, avoiding heavy luggage, pick a family-friendly destination and family friendly accommodation are also needed. Traveling with kids is exciting and interesting. Your first trip might not be so exciting, but with a careful preparation, your family trip will be the most memorable one. 40
A. Keep them careful[来源:学科网ZXXK]
B. Keep them entertained
C. Pack a small, kid-friendly first aid kit.
D. Board games might be a god choice, too
E. Airports and train stations are usually overcrowded.
F. Avoiding your little ones in the panning of the trip is a good idea.
G. Involve your little ones in the planning of the trip, which will help you
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
It was 1933. I had been laid off my part-time job and could no longer make my 41 to the family larder(食品贮藏柜). Our only income was what Mother could make by doing dressmaking for others.
Then Mother was 42 for a few weeks and unable to work. The electric company cut off the power 43 we couldn’t pay the bill. Then the gas company cut off the gas. Then the 44 company. But the Health Department made them 45 the water back on for reasons of sanitation(卫生设备) The cupboard got very bare. 46 we had vegetable garden and were able to cook some of its 47 in a campfire in the backyard.
Then one day my younger sister came tripping 48 from school, saying: "We’re
supposed to 49 something to school tomorrow to give to the poor.
Mother started to blurt out, "I don’t know of anyone who is 50 poorer than we are," when her mother, who was living with us at the time, shushed (嘘) her with hand on her arm and 51
“Eva,” she said, "if you 52 that child the idea that she is one of the poor folks’ 53 her age, she will be one of the poor folks’ for the rest of her 54 . There is one jar of that homemade jelly 55 . She can take that.
Grandmother 56 our last jar of jelly with some tissue paper and a little bit of pink ribbon, and Sis 57 to school the next day 58 carrying her “gift to the poor”.
And, 59 if there was a problem in the community, Sis just naturally assumed that she was supposed to be part of the 60 .
41. A. money B. bed C. way D. contribution
42. A. absent B. sick C. upset D. dangerous
43. A. until B. before C. when D. if
44. A. gas B. water C. electric D. business
45. A. turn B. return C. rebuild D. look
46. A. Therefore B. Eventually C. Undoubtedly D. Fortunately
47. A. produce B. goods C. food D. meals
48. A. garden B. homework C. home D. dress
49. A. sell B. transport C. buy D. take
50. A. many B. any C. much D. a few
51. A. nod B. kiss C. frown D. bite
52. A. give B. think C. ensure D. form
53. A. despite B. for C. at D. in
54. A. life B. school C. childhood D. adolescence
55. A. belonged B. left C. occupied D. possessed
56. A. provided B. filled C. purchased D. wrapped
57. A. put B. sent C. set D. tripped
58. A. desperately B. proudly C. hurriedly D. unwillingly
59. A. as ever B. ever before C. ever after D. for ever
60. A. solution B. community C. society D. world
第二节（共10小题；每小题l5分，满分15分）
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The lives of children from rich and poor American families look ___61___(different) than ever before, Well-off families are ruled by calendars, with children___62___(participate)in ballet, soccer and after-school programs, according to___63___new Pew Research Center survey. There___64___(be)usually two parents, who spend a lot of time reading to children and worrying___65___their anxiety levels and tight schedules.
In poor families. however, children tend___66___(spend) their time at home or with extended family the survey has found. They are more likely to grow up in neighborhoods ___67___their parents say aren’t great raising children, and their parents worry about them getting shot being beaten up___68___going against the law.
Researchers say at present the class differences in raising up children___69___(widen)inequality. Different upbringings set children on different paths and can deepen socioeconomic___70___ (divide), especially because education is strongly linked to earnings.
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题l分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：
1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
The first person I met in my high school was my deskmate, with that I fell in love at first sight.
She was warm-hearted and always wore a honest smile on her face. I was homesick in the first few days, unable to adjust the new school. It was with her help which I got familiar with the school. However, what impressed me most was her diligence and determine. When faced with a challenge in study, she would try out her best to solve it. Whenever I was in trouble, she would encourage myself and help me out. But for her encouragement, I wouldn’t have progressed so fast and steady.
Have so nice a girl as my friend is great luck for me. May our friendship lasts forever.
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假设你是李华，你和外国朋友Tom约好这个周五晚上去体育馆看足球赛，但你因故不能 赴约 请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：
1.表示歉意；2.解释原因；3.另约时间
注意：1. 词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】1—5 CBAAC 6—10 CABBC 11—15 BCAAB 16—20 BBCAC
【解析】听力原文
Text 1
W: Excuse me. Do you know where I can find a café around here? (1)
M: There’s one right next to the museum down the block. They have wonderful coffee. There’s also one in the park about a mile away with an outside seating area.
Text 2
W: How much do you pay every month for your phone bill?
M: It’s hard to say exactly. I share an unlimited call, text, and Internet plan with my family, but the taxes and extra fees are slightly different every month. (2) But it’s about $50, give or take a couple dollars.
Text 3
M: Where did you find that hat? I’ve been looking for one just like it.
W: I bought it online. It’s perfect for the summer months because of its wide shape. I used to wear baseball hats until I realize they don’t protect your entire face from the sun. (3)
Text 4
M: You’re looking a little stressed.
W: I have a million things to do, and all of them have to be finished within three hours. (4)
Text 5
M: Can you pass the salt, please? This soup is good, but it is a little plain. (5)
W: I put so much salt in here when I was making it! Maybe it got watered down. Here, try putting in some pepper instead and tell me what you think.
Text 6
W: Can I get these shoes, please?
M: Are you joking? Those shoes are six hundred dollars!
W: But all the cool girls at school have them! (6)
M: Well, the answer is no. And you’d never be able to walk in shoes like that. Those heels must be around five inches tall.
W: High heels are super “in” right now. (6) Uncle Tim bought some for Samantha! I’ll do extra chores! Please? (7)
M: No way. Do you know how many chores you’d have to do to afford those? (7) Look at these over here. They’re sixty dollars and have a low heel, so you can walk in them without getting uncomfortable.
Text 7
W: What are you reading?
M: It’s a new children’s book called Sail Away by Langston Hughes.
W: Isn’t he a poet?
M: Yes. The book is a collection of his poems about the ocean. The artist Ashley Bryan created a bunch of pictures made out of paper to go with the poems, (8) and he’s ninety-two years old!
W: Wow! How old is Langston Hughes? (9)
M: He’s not alive anymore. He died in 1967 when he was only sixty-five. (9) Ashley Bryan has done a lot of performances of Langston Hughes’s poems, and he wanted to provide artwork for a book of them. When he started out in 1962, he was the first African American to publish a children’s book as an author and artist. He was forty years old. Now, he’s won many awards and has more than twenty books out.
Text 8
W: Hi, Mr. Smith.
M: Hi, Debra. I just dropped by to see how you’re getting along with your packing. Need any help? (10)
W: No, everything’s OK. Thanks. But I’ve got a lot more things to take home than I’d thought. It’ll probably be a little overweight.
M: You know that as long as the two cases are less than 40 kg, that’s all right for flights to America. (11) You can have a handbag and a small backpack as carry-ons, too.
W: Then that won’t be a problem.
M: Now, when did you say your flight leaves? (12)
W: Let me see...at 10:30 a.m. (12)
M: I’ll come by and pick you up at 8:30 a.m. Then we can arrive early enough to check in without rushing.
W: Thanks, Mr. Smith. You don’t have to bother, though. I can call a taxi.
M: Look, I don’t have anything scheduled for tomorrow morning, so it won’t be any trouble picking you up.
W: Good old Mr. Smith: always so helpful!
Text 9
M: Bonnie, I’m super nervous right now.
W: Why, what’s up? I thought you were flying down to L.A. today. Are you afraid of flying or something?
M: No, I fly all the time. It’s just that I’m doing my biggest interview of my entire career tomorrow, (13) (15) and I don’t want to mess it up.
W: Come on, you’ve been at the magazine for more than a year. Your editor wouldn’t send you down there unless he had confidence in your abilities. Who is the interview with? (13)
M: Quentin Tarantino.
W: Uh…what? Quentin Tarantino? The director? Are you serious?
M: Yeah!
W: Oh, my God! I can’t believe this! Pulp Fiction is my favorite movie of all time, (14) and Kill Bill might be number two. And even my parents liked Jackie Brown. He’s, like, A-list famous! He might be the best director of the last twenty years.
M: Do you see now why I’m nervous?
W: Yes, I’d be scared out of my mind if I were you. But this will be good for your career. Hey, there is something that I still don’t understand.
M: What? (16)
W: Why on earth did Quentin Tarantino agree to do an interview for your magazine, Trevor?
M: What’s that supposed to mean? (16)
W: Um…never mind. (16) Good luck down there! Get a good night’s sleep tonight because Saturday will be the biggest day of your life! (15)
Text 10
Hello, and welcome to the university library. This taped tour will introduce you to our library facilities and operating hours. First of all, the library’s collection of books, reference materials, and other resources are found on Level 1 to Level 4 of this building. Our humanities and map collections are on Level 1. On Level 2, you will find current magazines and journals, and our copy machines. (17) Our science and
engineering sections can be found on Level 3. Finally, group study rooms, our microfilm collection and the multimedia center are located on Level 4.
Undergraduate students can check out up to five books for two weeks. Graduate students can check out fifteen books for two months. (18) Books can be renewed up to two times. There is a 50-cent-a-day late fee for overdue books, up to a maximum of $15. (19) Magazines and reference books cannot be checked out. The library is open weekdays from 8:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m., (20) and on Saturdays from 9:00 a.m. to 8:30 p.m. The library is closed on Sundays.
21.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。由第三段中It was once listed in the Guinness Book of World Records.可知，Foyles Books被列入Guinness Book of World Records之中。故选B。
22.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。由第四段中In the year 1797, this London bookshop—the oldest in the city today—first flicked on its lights.可知，Hatchards，这座城市最古老的的书店，1979年第一次营业。所以Hachards的特别之处是它历史悠久。故选A。
23.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段there’s a nice cafe in which you can crack open that tome (巨著) for the first time and start reading (14 Bury Place. Monday-Saturday 10:00-18:30; Sunday 12:00-18:00.)可知，在14 Bury Place。你可以边喝咖啡边看书。故选D。
24.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。由第一段I have no idea how I ended up with this opportunity, I have no idea what I’m doing, but I am very happy to be here可知，作者不知道自己在这样的机会下，是怎么做到的，也不知道自己在做什么，但很开心可以出现在这里。从作者的描述中可以看到作者对结果不确定。故选A。
25.【答案】B
【解析】 细节理解题。由第三段sphagnum(水苔), commonly known as peat moss and uncommonly known as an unsung climate hero可知水苔通常被当成泥煤苔（peat moss），而很少被当成被埋没的气候英雄。B选项意为水苔作为气候英雄被知晓，与文章的表达相反。故选B。
【解析】词义猜测题。由I tied my camera to the scrawniest little tree, swinging in the wind可知作者把摄像机系到一棵随风摇动的树上，说明这课树并不高大，而是弱小的。故选A。
26.【答案】A
27.【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。文中作者知道拍摄30秒的视频很难，但依然认真拍摄且投稿，并最终获奖，说明作者态度和努力工作最终得到了回报。故选C。
28.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Now, researchers have created small lab-scale devices that do both jobs. If larger versions work as well, they would help make it possible—or at least more affordable—to run the world on renewables.”可知，现在，研究人员已经创造出了同时具备这两种功能的实验室规模的设备。如果更大的版本也能发挥作用，它们将有助于使世界上使用可再生能源成为可能——或者至少更经济实惠。所以通过关键词“ small lab-scale devices ，if引导的条件状语从从句”可以推断出，这种新装置大规模地投入使用还需拭目以待。故选A项。
29.【答案】B[来源:学科网ZXXK]
【解析】主旨大意题。由第二段“The market for such technologies has grown along with renewables”可知，这类技术的市场随着可再生能源的发展而增长以及对市场增长的具体介绍可知，第二段主要说明这个新装置潜在的市场很大。故选B项。
30.【答案】C[来源:Zxxk.Com]
【解析】推理判断题。由第三段“But commercial electrolyzers and fuel cells use different catalysts (催化剂) to speed up the two reactions, meaning a single device can t do both jobs. The researchers must conquer this.”可知，但是商业电解器和燃料电池用不同的催化剂加速这两种反应，这意味着一个设备不能同时做这两件事。研究人员必须攻克这个难题。这个难题是必须攻克的，也是研究人员下一步要集中解决的问题。所以推断出，接下来研究人员会主攻这两种反应能够共用的催化剂。故选C项。
31.【答案】D[来源:Z_xx_k.Com]
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Still, she holds a cautious view that both her new device and the one from the O’Hayre lab are small laboratory demonstrations. For the technology to have a societal impact, researchers will need to scale up the button-size devices, a process that typically reduces performance.”可知，不过，她提醒说，她的新设备和来自奥海雷实验室小型的实验室演示。为了让这项技术产生社会影响，
研究人员需要增加这种纽扣大小设备的产量，但是这一过程通常会降低其性能。所以通过Haile的观点可以推断出，她对这个新装置的未来持谨慎的态度，虽然实验室成功了，但并不代表量产就没有问题。没有盲目自信也没有消极放弃。故选D项。
32.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中Though, the memorials selected won’t actually be built in the city, they were intended to start a discussion about how to think of memorials in a very different future.（尽管如此，所选的纪念碑实际上并不是建在这座城市里的，它们是为了在一个非常不同的未来如何看待纪念碑而设计的。）可知设计比赛的目的是探索纪念碑体验的新方式。故选D。
33.【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。结合后文The project memorializes the harmful effects of climate change by suggesting a memorial at Hains Point, a spot between the Potomac River and Washington Channel.可知该项目通过在Hains Point(位于Potomac河和华盛顿海峡之间)建造一座纪念碑来纪念气候变化的有害影响。这与人们通常理解意义上的纪念碑有很大不同，故划线单词意思为“不同于”。故选A。
34.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中The project memorializes the harmful effects of climate change by suggesting a memorial at Hains Point…（该项目通过在Hains Point建立纪念碑来纪念气候变化的有害影响……）可知Climate Chronograph清楚地显示了气候变化的影响。故选C。
35.【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中Though, the memorials selected won’t actually be built in the city, they were intended to start a discussion about how to think of memorials in a very different future.（尽管如此，所选的纪念碑实际上并不是建在这座城市里的，它们是为了在一个非常不同的未来如何看待纪念碑而设计的。）以及结合文章主要内容可知主要为以Climate Chronograph为例来说明未来的纪念碑可能出现的方式，故D选项“未来的纪念碑会是什么样子?”符合文章标题。故选D。
36. 【答案】E
【解析】根据下文and many parents sometimes lose their kids. Popular tourist destinations are overcrowded, too.（很多父母有时会失去他们的孩子。受欢迎的旅游景点也过于拥挤。）可知本空为描述一个过于拥挤的场所，其中overcrowded对应到E选项中Airports and train stations are usually overcrowded.（机场和火车站通常人满为患。）代入符合语境，故选E。
36. 【答案】B
【解析】 根据下文You do not need to pack tons of toys, sweets and a tablet full of games in order to keep your little ones entertained.（你不需要打包成吨的玩具，糖果和一个充满游戏的平板电脑，以保持你的孩子的注意力。）中entertained可对应到B选项中Keep them entertained（让他们保持开心）。代入符合语境，故选B。
37. 【答案】D
【解析】根据上文You can encourage them to create a travel journal or smash book, read, tell each other stories, or give them a camera to capture the most precious moments during your trip.（你可以鼓励他们写一本旅行日志或一本好书，互相阅读、讲故事，或者给他们一个相机，捕捉旅途中最珍贵的时刻。）可知是提出记录旅程的方式，故D选项“棋盘游戏可能也是一个不错的选择”代入符合语境。故选D。
38. 【答案】C
【解析】根据本段最后一句If you do not know what to put in your first aid kit, consult your children’s doctor, because all children are different and the medicines either.（如果你不知道该在急救箱里放些什么，请咨询你孩子的医生，因为所有的孩子都是不同的，药物也是不同的。）可推知本段是建议准备儿童急救箱。故选C“打包一个适合儿童使用的小急救箱”。
39. 【答案】G
【解析】根据上文Your first trip might not be so exciting, but with a careful preparation, your family trip will be the most memorable one.（你的第一次旅行可能没有那么令人兴奋，但经过精心准备，你的家庭旅行将是最难忘的一次。）中your family trip可对应到G选项中planning of the trip 。表示“让你的孩子参与这次旅行的计划，这会对你有帮助”。故选G。
41.【答案】D
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：我丢掉了兼职工作，无法为养家糊口继续贡献力量。A. money 钱；B. bed床；C. way道路，方法； D. contribution贡献。由下句论述家里的唯一收入是妈妈为别人做衣服挣的钱，可知这里是我没有办法为家里做贡献。make money意为“挣钱”，不符合句意。make one’s contribution to意为“对……做出贡献”，符合句意。故选D。
42.【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：后来母亲病了几周,无法工作。A. absent缺席，离开；B. sick生病的；C. upset心烦的，混乱的；D.
dangerous危险的。由and后“母亲无法工作”可知，母亲是生病了。故选B。
43.【答案】C
【解析】考查状语从句的连词。句意：当我们无法支付电费的时候电力公司切断了电源。这是一个时间状语从句，A. until直到；B. before在……之前；C. when当……的时候；D. if如果。根据常识，当你交不起电费的时候，电力公司才会断电。故选C。
44. 【答案】B
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：先是电力公司断电、然后是煤气公司停了煤气，最后是水利公司。A. gas煤气；B. water水；C. electric电力；D. business商务。由下句中讲述的卫生部让他们恢复水可知，这里停的是水。故选B。
45.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：但卫生部因为公共卫生的原因让他们给我们放了水。A. turn转动；B. return返回；C. rebuild重建；D. look看。我们知道水电的供应都是打开一个供应阀，故用turn…on（打开，开通）。故选A。
46.【答案】D
【解析】考查副词。句意：幸运的是,我们家种了个菜园,我们还能在后院生火用菜园的农产品做菜充饥。A. Therefore因此；B. Eventually最终；C. Undoubtedly毫无疑问的；D. Fortunately幸运地。这句话中的有菜可吃与前边的食厨空了形成对比，所以是一件很幸运的事。故选D。
47.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意同上。A. produce农产品；B. goods商品；C. food食物；D. meals饭。由于空格前的its指代the vegetable garden，且菜园直接的产物是一些农产品，不能直接生产食物与饭。故选A。
48.【答案】C
【解析】考查副词。句意：一天妹妹欢快地从学校回来说：“明天我们要带些东西去学校，送给穷人。” A. garden花园；B. homework家庭作业；C. home家；D. dress连衣裙。由于妹妹从学校回来，并且回来跟家人说，所以说说妹妹是回到家。故选C。
49【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意同上。A. sell卖；B. transport运输；C. buy买；D. take拿，带走。由“to school（带去学校）”与“give to the
poor（送给穷人）”可知是要带去学校。并且此空格与下文中的“She can take that”呼应。故选D。
50.【答案】B
【解析】考查比较级的修饰语。句意：我不知道还有谁比我们更穷。空格位于形容词比较级poorer前，应用副词来修饰。选项中只有any与much可用来修饰比较级，much用于肯定句中，在否定句、疑问句或条件句中，一般用any修饰比较级。故选B。
51.【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：当时和我们住在一起的外婆赶忙用手抓住她的手臂,皱了皱眉制止了她。A. nod 点头；B. kiss吻；C. frown皱眉，不同意；D. bite咬。由外婆的话可知，外婆不同意妈妈的做法，所以应该是皱着眉头说。故选C。
52.【答案】A
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：如果你给那孩子在她这个年纪就认为自己是“穷人”中的一员，那她一生都会是一个穷人。A. give 给；B. think认为；C. ensure确信；D. form形成。“give sb. the idea/impression that”意为“给某人以……的想法/印象”。故选A。
53.【答案】C
【解析】考查介词。句意同上。A. despite尽管；B. for因为，作为；C. at在；D. in在……里边；这里强调妹妹小时候这个时间节点，使用介词at。故选C。
54.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意同上。A. life生命、人生；B. school学校；C. childhood童年时期；D. adolescence青春期。从文章最后描述的这个事对妹妹以后生活的影响，可知外婆强调的是对孩子一生（life）的影响。故选A。
55.【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：家里还剩一瓶自制果酱。A. belonged属于；B. left留下，剩下；C. occupied使用中的；D. possessed拥有的。下句外婆说妹妹可以拿走，所以这里指还留下一些。故选B。
56.【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意同上。A. solution 解决方案；B. community社区；C. society社会；D. world世界。文章的主旨是你永远是问题的解决办法，而不是问题。故选A。
57.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：第二天，妹妹带上这份“送给穷人的礼物” 欢快且自豪地去了学校。A. put放；B. sent送；C. set使处于，使开始；D. tripped脚步轻快地走（或跑或跳）。此空格与前文中的tripping home from school呼应。故选D。
58.【答案】B
【解析】考查副词辨析。句意同上。A. desperately绝望地；B. proudly 自豪地；C. hurriedly 匆忙地；D. unwillingly不情愿地。由于妹妹拿着给穷人的礼物去学校了，所以应该是感到很自豪的。故选B。
59.【答案】C
【解析】考查介词短语。句意：从此以后，只要社区有困难，妹妹自然而然地就会觉得自己应该是解决困难的人中的一员。A. as ever 同往常一样；B. ever before以前；C. ever after从此一直；C. for ever永远。这句话强调这个事件对妹妹以后生活的影响。故选C。
60.【答案】D
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：外婆用一些包装纸和一点儿粉红色缎带，将我们仅剩的一瓶果酱包好。A. provided 提供；B. filled装；C. purchased 购买；D. wrapped包裹。由于妹妹要带去学校，所以外婆给她包好果酱。故选D。
61.【答案】more different
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：美国贫富家庭子女的生活差异，看起来比以往任何时候都大。由“than”可知，应填different的比较级more different。故填more different 。
62.【答案】participating
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：皮尤研究中心的一项新调查发现，富裕家庭完全按日程安排行事，子女跳芭蕾、踢足球、参加课外项目。分析句子可知，本句中涉及with的复合结构。在with 的复合结构中，children 和participate在逻辑上是主动关系，所以用现在分词participating。故填participating 。
63.【答案】a
【解析】考查冠词。句意：皮尤研究中心的一项新调查发现，富裕家庭完全按日程安排行事，子女跳芭蕾、踢足球、参加课外项目。第一次提到这家调查中心，表示"一个"，用a/an,又因为new首字母的发音为辅音音素，所以用不定冠词a。故填 a。
64.【答案】are
【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：这些家庭通常是双亲家庭，家长会花大量时间给子女读书，并且担心他们的焦虑程度和紧张的日程安排。分析句子可知，本句为There be句型，为完全倒装句，主语为two parents，所以be动词为are。故填are 。
65.【答案】about
【解析】考查介词。句意：这些家庭通常是双亲家庭，家长会花大量时间给子女读书，并且担心他们的焦虑程度和紧张的日程安排。worry about “担心”为固定短语。故填about 。
66.【答案】to spend
【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：调查还发现，贫困家庭的孩子往往待在家中或在大家庭中消磨时光。tend to do表示"倾向于做某事，往往会" 为固定短语。故填to spend。
67.【答案】which/that
【解析】考查关系代词。句意：他们成长的社区更可能被父母形容为不适合养育孩子，而父母会担心他们遭枪击、挨打或参与违法活动。分析句子可知，neighborhoods为先行词指物，在后面的定语从句中作主语，所以关系代词为that/which。 故填that/which 。
68.【答案】or
【解析】考查连词。句意：他们成长的社区更可能被父母形容为不适合养育孩子，而父母会担心他们遭枪击、挨打或参与违法活动。getting shot，beaten up 和in trouble with the law是选择关系，所以用连词or来连接。 故填or。
69.【答案】are widening
【解析】考查现在进行时。句意：研究者认为，子女抚养方面的阶级差异正在扩大，这是不平等现象加剧的一个征兆。由“at present”可知，本句为现在进行时，主语为the class differences，谓语为are widening。 故填are widening。
70.【答案】division(s)
【解析】考查名词。句意：不同的养育方式会将孩子置于不同的发展路径，并加深社会经济的差距，尤其是教育与收入有很大的关联。socioeconomic为形容词修饰名词division(s)。 故填division(s)。
短文改错
1. 【答案】that → whom
【解析】考查定语从句关系词。本句为“介词+关系代词”结构定语从句，修饰先行词deskmate，且做介词with的宾语，指人应关系代词用whom。故that 改为 whom。
2. 【答案】a → an
【解析】考查冠词。honest为元音音素开头的单词，故应用不定冠词an。故a 改为 an。
1. 【答案】adjust 后加to
【解析】考查固定短语。固定短语adjust to“适应于……”，故adjust 后加to。
2. 【答案】which→ that
【解析】考查强调句。句意：正是在她的帮助下，我才熟悉了这所学校。分析句子结构可知本句为强调句结构“it is (was)+被强调成分+that (who)+其他”，本句中强调的是with her help，故用that。故which改为 that。
3. 【答案】determine →determination
【解析】考查名词。句意：然而，给我印象最深的是她的勤奋和决心。根据上文her diligence and可知应用名词形式，表示“决心”。故determine改为determination。
4. 【答案】out删掉
【解析】考查固定短语。短语try one’s best“尽某人最大努力”，故out删掉。
5. 【答案】myself → me考查代词。
【解析】此处做动词help的宾语，指“帮助我”应用第一人称宾格形式me，故myself 改为 me。
6. 【答案】steady → steadily考查副词。
【解析】此处修饰动词progress应用副词，故steady 改为 steadily。
7. 【答案】Have →Having
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知本句缺少主语，需用动名词短语做主语，故Have 改为Having。
8. 【答案】lasts → last
【解析】考查动词时态。句意：愿我们的友谊天长地久。may为情态动词，后跟动词原形，故lasts改为last。
作文
【答案】
Dear Tom,
I’m so sorry to say that I can't go to watch the football match with you as scheduled this Friday night. This afternoon, I suddenly received the news that my grandfather fell down and broke his left leg. Since my father is on a business trip and won’t come back next Monday; my mother needs to look after my
little sister at home, so I have to take the responsibility of taking care of my grandfather in the hospital these nights.
I have heard that there will be a match which is more exciting next Friday night. I wonder whether you are available then. If you are free, we can make an appointment to watch that football match.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】本篇书面表达是应用文，要求写一封书信。
第1步：根据提示可知，本文要求写一封电子邮件：假设你是李华，你和外国朋友Tom约好这个周五晚上去体育馆看足球赛，但你因故不能 赴约 请根据以下要点用英语给他写一封电子邮件：1.表示歉意；2.解释原因；3.另约时间时态应为一般现在时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如； suddenly（突然），responsibility（责任），available（有空的），exciting（精彩的），appointment（约定）及wonder（想知道）等。
第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持卷面的整洁美观。
本文内容完整，层次分明，结构紧凑，表达准确。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。
范文语言地道，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级词汇和句式，高级词汇有as scheduled（如期），fall down（跌倒），be on a business trip (出差)，look after（照顾），take the responsibility of（承担……的责任），take care of（照顾）以及make an appointment（约定），而且还使用了宾语从句“I’m so sorry to say that I can't go to watch the football match with you as scheduled this Friday night.”及“I wonder whether you are available then.”，同位语从句“This afternoon, I suddenly received the news that my grandfather fell down and broke his left leg.”，状语从句“Since my father is on a business trip and won’t come back next Monday; my mother needs to look after my little sister at home, I have to take the responsibility of taking care of my grandfather in the hospital these nights.”及“If you are free, we can make an appointment to watch that football
match.”，定语从句“I have heard that there will be a match which is more exciting next Friday night.”，全文没有语法错误，上下句转换自然流畅。
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