新疆自治区2018届中考英语语法复习：代词ppt课件（含答案）.ppt

代 词 代词的考点 一 . 人称代词 二 . 物主代词 三 . 反身代词 四 . 指示代词 五 . 不定代词 六 . 疑问代词 七 . 连接代词 八 . 关系代词 人称代词、物主代词、反身代词一表清 分类 人称、作用 人称代词 物主代词 反身代词 主格 宾格 形容词性 名词性 第一人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 作用 主语 宾语、表语 定语 主语、表语、宾语 宾语、表语、同位语 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 人称 格 数 单数 复数 主格 宾格 主格 宾格 I you he she it me you him her it we you they us you them 人称代词 1. 人称代词作主语时用主格，作宾语时 ( 一般跟在介词与动词的后面 ) 用宾格 * They （ 主语 ） all like him （ 动词宾语 ） very much. 他们都很喜欢他。 * She gave the books to you and me . （ 介词宾语 ） 这些书是她送给你和我的 。 用法口诀： 人称代词分两格，主格宾格来分说； 　　　　　 主格 定把 主语 作， 宾格 作 宾 不会错。 一 . 人 称 代 词： 2. 人称代词在作表语时，用宾格 * Who’s knocking at the door? –It’s me . 谁敲门？ - 是我。 3. 人称代词在并列使用时的顺序为 单数形式：（二、三、一）即： you/ he/ I 复数形式：（一、二、三）即； we/ you/ they * You, she and I all enjoy the music. 你她和我都喜欢音乐。 * We, you and they all love our country. 注：单数你他我，复数一二三，道歉我为先 . Exercise: 1). 我、你、他、都 18 岁。 __________________ 2). 你们、我们、他们都来自中国。 ______________________________. You, he and I are 18. We, you and they are from China 4. 在简短对话中，当人称代词单独使用或在 not 后多用宾格 . — I like English. — _____ too. A. I B. He C. Me 5. she 可以用来代表国家、船只或车辆、大地、月亮等 * We love our motherland, we hope she ’ll be stronger and bigger. 我们热爱我们的祖国 , 我们希望她更强大。 * The ship is leaving. She ’s on her first trip to England. 轮船要起航了。这是她第一次去英国。 1. — Who broke the window? — Not _____. A. I B. he C. her 2. Miss Li invited __ have dinner with her . A. me and you B. you and I C. you and me 3. Who taught _____ English last term? A. them B. their C. they 6.it 的特殊用法： ① it 可指不知性别的婴儿或不确指性别的人 . — who is the person over there? — It is the headmaster. ② It 也可用来表示天气、时间、距离等。 天气： How cold it is today! 时间： It’s about eight o’clock. 距离： It’s 200 kilometers from here. 1. --- Who is knocking at the door? --- I don’t know . I was lying in the bed and just ask who ____ was. A. he B. she C. it 2. I can’t find my hat . I don’t know where I put ____. A. one B. it C. that 3. I can’t find my hat . I think I must buy__. A. it B. one C. that ③ 跟 it 有关的固定句型： 1. 做某事情对某人来说是 … It is + adj. (+for sb.) +to do sth . 2. 轮到某人做 … It ’s one’s turn to do sth . 3. 是（某人）做某事的时候了 It ’s time (for sb.) to do sth . 4. 据说 … It ’s said that … 5. 某人花费 … 做某事 It takes sb. some time to do sth . 6. 自从 … 以来，已经有 … （时间）了 。 It is / has been + 时段 + since + 从句 ( 过去时 ) 7. 某人发现 / 认为 / 感觉到做某事是 … 的 find sb. think feel + it + adj. to do I found ___ very difficult to make progress in my study . A. it’s B. it C. that 2. It __ my father a whole month to go on business . A. spent B. cost C. took 3. It is great fun __ surfing on the Internet . A. go B. to go C. going 人称 分类 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单数 复数 单数 复数 单数 复数 形容词性 名词性 my our your your his her its their mine ours yours yours his hers its theirs 用法口诀 ： 物主代词两类型，形容词性、名词性。 　　　　　形容词性作 定语 ， 后面定把名词用 。 　　　　　名词性、 独立 用， 主宾表语 它都充。 二 . 物 主 代 词： 1. 形容词性物主代词在句子中做定语 修饰名词 ，一般不单独使用。在句中只能作定语 * My brother is a worker. 我弟弟是个工人。 * His parents are very friendly. 他的父母非常友善。 2. 名词性物主代词常用来避免与前面提及的名词 重复，相当于“ 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 ”。 eg : This is my dictionary . Where is yours ? 名词性物主代词在句中可作主语、 表语 和宾语 * – Whose book is this? – It’s mine . 这书是谁的？ - 我的。 * Our room is big and theirs is small. 我们的房间大，他们的房间小。 * You may use my pen . I’ll use hers . 你可以用我的笔，我用他的好了。 3. 形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词的关系： 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 = 名词性物主代词 * These books aren't ours . Ours are new. ( our books = ours ) * This is not our room. Ours is over there. ( our room = ours ) 名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 4. 名词性物主代词 可用在 of 后面做定语，相当于“ of + 名词所有格 ”， 表示 所属 、带有部分概念或有一定的感情色彩。 eg : He is a friend of mine . * A sister of his is a nurse. 他的一个妹妹是个护士。 * Tom is a friend of mine. 汤姆是我的一个朋友 根据汉语填空 : 1 、 The two little girls are crying. They can’t find______( 她们的 )mother. 2 、 Is the shirt on the bed _______( 你的 )? 3 、 This red blouse isn’t Helen’s. ______is blue.( 她的 ) their yours Hers 1. She is a friend of ________. A. my B. mine C. I 2. This isn’t my pen ,it is _____. A. her B. his C. him 3. Frank can’t find ____ dictionary . Can you lend ____ to _____? A. her , mine , her B. / , yours , he C. his , yours , him 4. ____ school is much bigger than ____. A. Our , their B. Ours , theirs C. Our , theirs 5. The dog is so poor because ____ leg is badly hurt . A. it B. its C. it’s 三 . 反 身 代 词： 人称 分类 第一人称 第二人称 第三人称 单 数 复数 myself oursel ves yourself yoursel ves himself themsel ves herself itself 定义： 反身代词又称自身代词，由第一人称、第二人称形容词性物主代词和第三人称人称代词宾格，单数加词尾 self 、复数加词尾 selves 构成。 在句子中，反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语、表语、主语或者宾语的同位语。 三 . 反身代词的用法： 三 . 反身代词的用法： （一）作动词的宾语 反身代词可以与 enjoy, hurt, teach, look after 等词连用，表明 动作的承受者就是主语本身 。 1. enjoy oneself = have a good time Did you enjoy yourself at the party last night? 2. help oneself (to sth .) 随便吃点什么，后面可接食物，一般用在宴会当中，用来招呼客人的用语。 Help yourselves to some fruit. 3. hurt oneself 伤着自己 She didn’t hurt herself. 4. teach oneself = learn by oneself 自学 Did you teach yourself English ? = Did you learn English by yourself? 5. look after oneself 照顾自己 =take care of I can look after myself well. 6.say to oneself 自言自语 Mary said to herself, “ What shall I do?” 7.come to oneself 苏醒 Soon the boy came to herself. 8.make oneself + 过去分词 ，使自己被别人 … She did her best to make herself understood. 9.lose oneself in 沉浸于 …… 陶醉于 …… They both lost themselves in the beautiful music. （二） 反身代词和介词连用构成介词宾语 1. by oneself = alone 自己做 She has done her homework by herself. 2. for oneself 为自己 She made the skirt for herself. 3. of oneself 自然而然的、自动的 The door opened of itself. 4. among themselves 在他们中间 They are discussing the matter among themselves. （三）作表语 反身代词可与 be 动词或系动词连用，表示或描述一种感觉、情绪或状态。 The little boy was myself. （四）用作主语或宾语的同位语 ，往往用来 加强 名词或代词的 语气 ，在句中可置于名词、代词之前、之后或句子末尾。 1. 作主语的同位语 He himself wrote the words and music of the songs. 2. 作宾语的同位语 I will give the letter to your brother himself. （五） 反身代词常见固定搭配 过得愉快 自学 请随便吃 … 自言自语 独自 为自己 不要客气 陶醉／沉浸于 自己穿衣服 照顾自己 enjoy oneself teach / learn oneself sth . help oneself to sth . say to oneself by oneself for oneself make oneself at home lose oneself in… dress oneself look after oneself The man is rich , he can buy ___ a lot of things . A. he B. his C. himself 2. --- What a lovely card ! Where did you buy it? --- I made it by _____. A. me B. myself C. itself 3. “Help ____ to some chicken ,”my mother said to the guests. A. yourself B. yourselves C. your Have a try ： 四 . 指 示 代 词： The weather in China is quite different from that in USA . 单数 复数 this 这个 these 这些 that 那个 those 那些 ( 一 ) 指示代词 this/ that/ these/ those 单数 复数 用法 1 用法 2 this these 近指 指下文将要提及的事 that those 远指 指前面刚提过的事 1. this, these 指在方位上 较近 的人或物 that, those 指在方位上 较远 的人或物 * This is my shirt, that’s yours. *These TVs are made in China, those are made in Japan. 指示代词是表示空间和时间远近关系的代词包括 : this/that ( 单数 ) these/those ( 复数 ) 2. that,those 常指 前面提过的东西 , 以免重复 * These boxes are heavier than those on the desk. 3. 刚才提到的事情 ，在英文中用 that * He was ill yesterday. I’m sorry to hear that. （二）辨析 one, it, that it 常用来特指上下文提到的事物，用来指 可数名词 或者 不可数名词 ， one 泛指上下文提及的 同类 事物中的一份子，用于代替 可数名词 ， that 常用在 比较等级 中，代表前面提到的名词，以避免重复。 The book is mine. It is very interesting.I have some apples . You can have one .The weather of Zhengzhou is much wetter than that of Shanghai. ① The population of Shanghai is larger than __ of Jinan. A. that B. this C. it ② The radios made in Beijing are as good as ___ made in Qingdao. A. that B. these C. those ③ What I want to tell you is ___the film will be at eight. A. it B. this C. that Have a try: （一）定义： 不是指明代替特定名词（或形容词）的代词 ★ all, each, every, both, either, neither , none, one, little, few, many, much , other, another, some, any, no ★ 由 some, any, no, every 等构成的合成代词 指物 指人 everything everyone ， everybody something someone ， somebody anything anyone ， anybody nothing no one, nobody 五、不 定 代 词： （二）几组在用法上容易混淆的不定代词 1.some/any ★ some 常用于 肯定句 中， There are some flowers in front of the house. 当说话者 期望得到对方的肯定回答 或表示 请求建议 时，可以用在 疑问句 中 . ----Would you like some bread? ----Yes, please. May I ask you some questions? Will you give me some water? Could I have some apples? ★ any 常用于 否定句 和 疑问句 中，当 any 表示“ 任何 ……” 时，可用于 肯定句 。 Do you have any pictures? There aren’t any students in the classroom. 2. many/much ★ many 修饰或指代 复数可数名词 * There are many eggs in the basket. * Many of us like playing games. ★ much 修饰或指代 不可数名词 * He doesn’t know much English. 3.another/other ★ another 泛指 三个或三个以上 中的另一个 * I don’t want this apple. Please show me another. ★ other 后面接名词， 泛指别的、其他的 * Do you have any other questions? 4. the other/others/the others ★ the other 1. 特指 两个中的另一个“ one…the other ” * He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a doctor. 2. 修饰 名词 ，特指 另一个、另一些 * Tom likes swimming, and the other boy s in his class like swimming, too. ★ others 泛指 其他的人或物 * He often helps others. * Some are playing basketball, others are playing football. ★ the others 特指确定范围内剩下的全部的人或物 。 * There are fifty students in our class. Twenty of them are girls, the others are boys. 图解 other 系列不定代词 one （一个） the other （另一个） one （一个） another （其余的任一个） one （一个） the others （其余的全部） some （一些） others （其余的一部分） some （一些） the others （其余的全部） 5. few/a few/little/a little ★ few/a few 修饰 可数 名词 little/a little 修饰 不可数 名词 ★ few, little 表示 否定 意义 , 译为“没有几个” ,“ 没 有多少” a few, a little 表示 肯定 意义 , 译为“有几个”，“有一点” * There are few people living here. 这里几乎没人住。 * There are a few students in the classroom. 教室里有一些学生。 * I know little English . 我不懂英语。 * There is a little milk in the bottle. 瓶子里有些牛奶。 ★ few 和 little 与 quite 或 only 连用时，常加不定冠词 a * There are quite a few new books in the library. 图书馆里颇有些新书。 6. every/each ★ every ＋ 单数名词 , 表示“ 每一个 ” , 强调 共性 、 整体 , 只作定语 , 形式上为单数 . 不与 of 连用 *Every child like s playing games. ★ each 表示“每一个” , 强调 个性 , 作定语主语、 宾语和同位语 , 常与 of 连用 * Each student was asked to try again. * Each of them has a new book. 7. all/none ★ all “( 全部 ) 都” , 表示 三者或三者 以上，作同位 语时 , 一般放在连系动词、助动词之后 , 行为动词 之前 * We are all from China. They all like English. ★ none “ 没有” , 表示三者或三者以上 都不 , 后常跟 介词 of （谓语动词单、复数均可） * None of us is/are afraid of dogs. 8. both/either/neither ★ both “ （两者）都 ” , 作主语时看作 复数 ; 作定语 时后跟名词复数 * My parents are both teacher s . =Both of my parents are teacher s . ★ neither “( 两者 ) 都不 ” , 含有否定意义 , 作主语时 谓语用第三人称 单数 ; 作定语时后跟名词单数 . * Neither answer is right. ★ either “ 两者中任何一个 ” , 作主语时谓语用第三人称 单数 ; 作定语时后跟名词单数 . * There are trees on either side of the street. = There are trees on both side s of the street. ★ 有关词组及应用 1. both of/either of/neither of * Both of them swim well. 他们俩都游得很好。 * Either of you goes to Beijing. 你们俩随便谁去北京都可以。 * Neither of them stopped to have a rest. 他们俩谁都不停下来休息。 2.both…and （谓语动词用复数形式） either…or/neither…nor ( 谓语动词遵循就近原则 ) * Both Tom and Lucy are in Grade Two. Tom 和 Lucy 都在二年级。 * Either my father or my mother cooks at home. 或者我爸爸或者我妈妈在家烧饭。 * Neither he nor I am free today. 我和他今天都没空。 9. something/anything/nothing/Somebody/anybody/ nobody 1. 这些词一般没有词形变化 , 但 以 -one 或 -body 结尾的词能带所有格词尾 。如： Everyone’s life was in danger. 2. 这些词修饰形容词或者副词时 , 形容词或者副词都需要后置。 不定代词修饰形容词要后置 3. 这些复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用 单数 形式。 4. 在反意疑问句中 , 当陈述部分的主语是 everybody, someone 等指人的复合代词时，疑问部分的主语往往用 they, 也可以用 he; 若陈述部分的主语是 anything, nothing 等指物的复合代词时 , 疑问部分的主语用 it 。如： Everyone knows this, doesn’t he/ don’t they ? Everything seems all right, doesn’t it ? some & any some — 肯定句 any — 否定句 / 疑问句 / 条件句 some 也可以用于疑问句中表示请求、建议，希望得到肯定答复。 不定代词（ something ,anyone… ） + 形容词 1. Do you have _____ to do this evening? A. important something B. anything important C. something important 2. _____ is watching TV . Let’s turn it off . A . Somebody B. Anybody C. Nobody 3. Would you like ___? I can get it for you . A. something else B. anything else C. everything else Do it yourself ： few / a few & little / a little 肯定 否定 可数 a few few 不可数 a little little 当前面由 only 修饰，常用 a few 或 a little . a little 可表示“有点，稍微” Although all the girls have tried their best , only ___ pass the exam. A. few B. a few C. a little 2. Don’t worry .There is ____ time left . A. little B. a little C. few 3. You are so great! ____ people in the school can do it . A. A little B. Little C. Few Have a try ： one 同类 不同件 ． it 同类 同件 ． ① The box is in the middle of the room. Move __ away. A. it B. one C. / ② I have lost my pen. I have to buy ___. A. one B. it C. / ③ How nice your bag is! I want to buy ___. A. it B. one C. / each ( 常与 of 连用 ) every 两 者或以上的每一个人或物 三 者或以上每一个人或物 every other … 每隔 … Eg : every other day 每隔一天 = every two days ① I gave them __ an apple. A. every B. each C. each of ② There is a line of trees on ___ side of the street. A ． every B ． each C ． both ③ She goes shopping __ five days. A. every B. each C. each of ④ 他隔天来这里。 He came here __________ day. none no one 没有什么人 / 物 “ 没有人” 只能指人 回答 how many 问句 回答 who 问句 none of + 复数名词 / them 谓语用单数 ① How many people are there in the room? — ___. A. None B. No one C. Lucy ② Who is in the room? — ___. A. None B. No one C. one ③ None of them ___ China. A. come from B. is from C. is come from either of 两者 之一 + 复数名词 / them / us 谓单 neither of 两者 都不 谓单 both of 两者 都 谓复 ① ___ of the girls ___ him. They asked him for name card. A. Neither; know B. Either; know C. Neither; knows ② Both of his parents ___ teachers. A. is B. are C. was ③ Both of his brothers ___ in this hospital, but neither of them ___ a doctor. A. works; is B. work; is C. work; are The students are all from Foshan . They ___ like their city . A. both B. all C. either Lucy and Lily ___ agree with us. A. all B. both C. neither How are your parents ? They are ____ fine. A. both B. all C. no ① I didn’t see it, ___. A. too B. as well C. either ② He couldn’t open the door. _______. A. Neither could I B. So could I C. Neither couldn’t I They__ in good health, and they___ there.  A. are both; will both go B. both are; will go both C. are both; both goes either 否定句末 “也” neither 倒装句表否定 neither + 助动词 / be / 情态动词 + 主语 both 助动词 / be / 情态动词 + both both + 行为动词 ① Tom and Mary have arrived, but __ in your class aren't here yet.  A. the others    B. others   C. the other   ② One of the sides of the road should be painted yellow, and___ white. A. the other B ． another C. others ③ This pair of trousers is too short. Would you please show me ___ one.       A. other    B. others    C. another        other the other others the others another ④ I have two brothers. __ is a doctor, __ is a soldier.      A. One, the other        B. One, other      C. The one, the other     ⑤ Some of the students are playing on the playground. But where’re ______? A. the other B.others C.the others ⑥ --- Is this your sock ? --- Yes, it is . Where is _? A. another B. the other one C. others ⑦ We got home by 4 o’clock ,but ___ didn’t get back until 8 o’clock. A. the other B. others C. the others Correct the following sentences: 1 Don’t worry. There is little time left. 2 His book is quite different from me. 3 She has two cats. One is white, another is black. Don’t worry. There is a little time left . His book is quite different from mine She has two cats. One is white, the other is black . 4 I have interesting something to tell you. 5 Please give me it. 6 Every of us wants to have a look at your photo. I have something interesting to tell you. Please give it to me Each of us wants to have a look at your photo . 7 He sits in front of Jim and I. 8 I like to receive letters but I do not like write it. 9 He doesn’t know what one to buy. He sits in front of Jim and me . I like to receive letters but I do not like write them . He doesn’t know which one to buy. ( )1 Is this your football, boys? No, it is not ____ A. yours B. our C. mine D. ours ( )2 The bird builds ____ nest in the tree. A. her B. its C. it’s D. hers ( )3 The maths problem ____ is wrong. A. himself B. he C. itself D. herself D B C Have a try ： ( )4 ____ want to see the film. A Every student B Each student C All of students D All the students ( )5 A lot of people have tried, but ____ have succeeded. A. the few B. a few C. few D. little ( ) 6 ____ of the four roads will take you to the hospital. A. Both B. Neither C. Any D. Either D C C ( )7 I have five pencils, one is red, ____ is blue and ___ are green. A. another, the other B. the other, others C. others, the others D. another, the others ( ) 8 I have found ____ on the Internet. A. a few informations B. a little informations C. a few information D. a little information D D ( ) 9 I have Chemistry classes ____ day, Monday, Wednesday and Friday. A. each other B. every other C. this and other D. all other ( )10 -- ____ is the man under the tree? -- Jim’s father. A. When B. What C. Where D. Who B D 疑问代词是 在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句的代词。常见的疑问代词有 :who/ whom/ whose/ what/ which 通常做主语 \ 宾语 \ 定语 \ 表语 * What makes you think like that ? \ 做 主语 \ * Who(Whom ) were you talking with? \ 做 宾语 \ * Which bus do I need? \ 做定语 \ * What ’s your father? \ 做表语 \ 主格 宾格 所有格 指人 who whom whose 指人或物 which / / 六 . 疑 问 代 词： 注意： 1. who ， whom 都表示“谁”，作主语时用 who, 作宾语时用 whom, 在口语中 ,Who 和 Whom 通用 , 但当疑问词作介词宾语时，且介词又置于句首时，只能用 whom 。 *With whom did he play games? * With who did he play games?( 错 ) 2. which, what 在特殊疑问句作定语时，后面必须紧跟一个 名词 。 What class are you in? 3. 疑问词做主语时，疑问句语序用 陈述句语序 。 * Who is your English teacher?