National flags,
colours
and
cultures
The short film is about a Chinese ceremony of saluting to the national flag. The five-star red flag is our national flag with which we are familiar and we can see it almost every day.
1. What’s our national flag like? Can you describe it?
2. What do colors and the stars on the national flag of China symbolize?
Discussion
1. The color of the flag is red. It is rectangular in shape. The proportion between the length and height is three to two. In the upper left corner of the flag, there are five five-pointed stars, yellow in color. One of them is bigger and is located in the top left-handed corner. The other four surround the bigger star to its right.
Five-star red flag
2. The red color of the flag represents the revolutionary martyrs. The color of the five stars is yellow, which symbolizes the bright future. Among the five stars, the bigger one stands for the communist party of China while the other four represent the different groups of people in China who are all united behind the Party.
Objectives
To learn about the national flag of France, the USA and Indonesia
To learn why each country’s national flag is made up of different colours
To learn to compare your own knowledge with the new information learned from the article
汉语是我们的母语，我们从学英语开始，就是用汉语来解释和记忆英语的。变“用汉语解释和记忆英语”为“用英语解释和记忆英语”。避免了将英语转换为另一种语言
——
汉语所带来的不便和时间耗费。不但提高了效率，而且久而久之，有可能在头脑中建立起两种思维系统，即在汉语思维之外，还可以逐步建立起独立的英语思维系统。
用英语解释和记忆英语，本身就是在学习和运用英语，对提高英语语感和英语的阅读理解能力以及综合运用能力很有好处，是一举多得的好方法。真正做到了用英语品味英语，越品越有味；用英语理解英语，理解更准确。鉴于本环节初次尝试此种设置，可能有些学生对英语解释不能完全理解，为降低难度，英文解释后还配有中文解释，以方便学生回顾早读课中已预习过的单词，进一步加深记忆。
to join two pieces of cloth together by putting thread through them with a needle
happening, done or chosen by chance rather than according to a plan
forming the base, from which everything else develops; more important than anything else
to end an activity or custom officially
when something or someone is released or made free
sew
random
fundamental
abolish
liberation
the right of different groups of people to have a similar social position and receive the same treatment
to represent something
fairness in the way people are dealt with
the quality of being honest
to make a formal sign of respect to someone, especially by raising the right hand to the side of the head
to feel or express opposition to or dislike of something or someone
equality
symbolize
justice
honesty
salute
object
a good moral quality in a person, or the general quality of goodness in people
to cause especially soldiers to be in a particular place to do a job
to give or offer something for a decision to be made by others; to allow another person or group to have power or authority over you, or to accept something unwillingly
relating to deep feelings and beliefs, especially religious beliefs
virtue
station
submit
spiritual
A brief introduction of national flags
A national flag is a flag that symbolizes a country and that can usually be flown by citizens of that country. Both public and private buildings such as schools and courthouses often fly the national flag. In some countries, the national flags are only flown from non-military buildings on certain flag days. There are three distinct types of national flag for use on land, and three for use at sea, although many countries use identical designs for several of these types of flag. Some national flags have been particularly inspirational to other nations, countries, or subnational entities in the design of their own flags.
The following are national flags of some countries; try to tell which country each flag belongs to.
Canada
France
USA
Indonesia
England
German
Australia
Korea
Singapore
Reading Tips
在阅读时，要注意综合运用
略读
(skimming)
与
扫读
(scanning)
这两种方法。
Reading strategy
skimming
scanning
a general
idea
certain
information
titles and headings
the first and last
sentences of paragraphs
the first and last paragraphs
pictures and charts
Scan the text for
key words and phrases, dates, etc.
Do not need to
read the whole
text.
Skimming
to get
general ideas
Skimming
Reading Comprehension I
What do the colours used on the French
flag remind us of?
They remind us of the motto of the
Revolution—liberty, equality and fraternity.
2.How many stars are there on the national
flag of the USA?
Fifty.
3. What colour is the Indonesian flag?
Read and white.
Careful reading to solve
difficult points
Tips for teacher
本模块的
careful reading
主要是针对句型和部分短语的解释，教师可以根据学生的预习情况来选择性讲解。
为了引导学生进行自主学习，自己查找相关资料学习新单词，这里不对词汇做解释。但为了方便，在每个单元的
language points
板块中会对本单元的词汇做一个重点讲解。
These flags are
more than
just pieces of cloth sewn together
at random
with thread. (P34)
● A. “More than
＋名词”表示“多于
……”
、“非但
……
尤其是”如：
1) Modern science is more than a large amount of information. 2) Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer, too.
● B. “More than
＋数词”含“以上”或“不止”之意，如：
3) I have known David for more than 20 years.
● C. “More than
＋形容词”等于“很”或“非常”的意思，如：
4) In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments. 5) I assure you I am more than glad to help you.
● D.
在“
More...than...”
中，肯定“
more”
后面的而否定“
than”
后面的，约等于“是
……
而不是
……”
如：
6) The difference between pure linguistics and applied linguistics is more apparent than real. 7) Hearing the loud noise, the boy was more surprised than frightened.
● E. “More than”
或“
More...than...”
＋含“
can”
的分句时表示“否定意”，如：
8) That's more than I can do. 9) Don't bite off more than you can chew.
短语
at random
的意思是“随机地、任意地”。如：
She opened the book
at random
and started reading.
2.
Strengthened by the Revolution
, France became a different country. (34)
大革命使法国变得强大，成为一个与众不同的国家。
句中
strengthened by the Revolution
是过去分词短语，作原因状语。如：
Inspired by his parents, Jo put his heart into music and finally produced his masterpiece.
由于受到父母的启发，乔专心于音乐，最终写出了他的杰作。
3. This led to war, and to America
gaining its independence
. (P35)
这引发了战争，也使美国获得了独立。
动名词短语
gaining its independence
作介词
to
的宾语，
America
是动名词的逻辑主语。
We are looking forward to Mary coming to the opening ceremony.
我们期待着玛丽来参加开幕式。
4. The thirteen stripes are to remind people of the thirteen colonies that joined together to fight for independence from Britain. (P35)
1).
are to
remind people of ……
在英语里，“
be + to do ”
结构可用来表示将来时间，它的具体用法如下：
1.
表示“按计划、安排
(
要做某事
)”
。例如：
We are to meet at the school gate.
（我们将在校门口碰头。）
They are to go travelling in August.
（他们计划八月份去旅游。）
2.
表示“命令”。例如：
You are to be back before five o’clock.
（你须
5
点钟以前回来。）
The room is to be locked.
（这个房间要上锁。）
3.
表示“职责”。例如：
I’m to inform you that the meeting will be held in Wuhan.
（我谨通知你会议将在武汉召开。）
He is to design a new machine.
（他将设计一台新机器。）
4.
表示“目的”。例如：
The prize was to honor him for his great
discoveries.
（这项奖励是为了对他的重大发现而表示的敬意。）
5.
表示“用途”。例如：
A pen is to write with.
（钢笔是用来写字的。）
6.
表示“命中注定”。例如：
They were never to meet again.
（他们注定以后永远不会再见面了。）
7.
表示“应该做（某事）”。例如：
What are we to do next
？
（我们下一步应该怎么办？）
What is to be done when something gets in-to your eyes?
（如果你眼睛里进了东西，该怎么办？）
8.
表示“可能性”。例如：
It’s eleven o’clock now. He is to get to Mike’s house.
（现在
11
点了，可能他已经到达迈克的家了。）
Let’s see who is to win the game.
（让我们看看谁会赢得这场比赛。）
9.
表示“征求对方的意见”。例如：
Am I to go on with the work
？
（这项工作我是不 是接着干下去？）
When are they to hand in their plan
？
（他们的计划什么时候交上来？）
5. The flag, which is made up of a red band over a white one, is based on a national flag dating back to the 13th century, which had nine red and white stripes. (P35)
本句中含有两个
which
引导的非限制性定语从句，第二个定语从句
which had nine red and white stripes
的先行词是
a national flag,
中间的分词短语
dating back to
作定语，意思是“追溯到
……”
This tradition
dates back to
medieval times.
Scanning
to get
detailed information
Scanning
Reading Comprehension II
What does a national flag tell us?
A national flag tells us something about
the country it represents, such as its
values, beliefs and culture.
2. What led to the great unrest in France
before the Revolution?
The people had no freedom and were
suffering from hunger let to it.
3. Why has the French flag become one of the most important national flags in history?
Because in salute to the French and their revolution, many countries have chosen to use the same colours on their flags as the French did.
4. What caused Americans to demand separation from Britain?
Because the British raised the tax rates in America and increased control over their American colonies. Americans couldn’t tolerate the way that Britain ruled the country and they demanded independence.
5. What do the stars and stripes on the American flag represent?
6. What was the Indonesian national flag like in the 13th century?
7. What is the most common explanation of the meanings of the colours on the Indonesian flag?
The 50 stars represent the 50 states and the 13 stripes represent the 13 colonies that joined together to flight for independence from Britain.
It had nine red and white stripes.
Red stands for blood, or things that are physical, while white represents the spiritual.
France
USA
Indonesia
Red
C2:
bravery, revolution, strength and blood of the French
strength and bravery
blood or things that are physical; the colour of sugar; the brave nature of Indonesian people; fire that comes from Indonesia’s volcanoes
France
USA
Indonesia
White
Blue
___
Peace and honesty
virtue
the spiritual; rice; purity
liberty and justice
hard work and justice
Pair work
1. Discuss colors and flags with a partner, and then give a mini presentation about the national flags mentioned in the reading passage to the whole class.
Discussion
Time for reflection
Can you give a brief introduction of
French flag, American flag and
Indonesian flag?
2. Tell the meanings:
random, fundamental, equality
abolish, compromise, liberation
salute, separation, symbolize
justice, object to, date back to
I. Multiple choice.
1. I was unwilling to ______ myself to his orders.
A. give in B. devote
C. submit D. adapt
2. The magician picked several persons
______ from the audience and asked them
to help him with the performance.
A. by accident B. on occasion
C. at random D. on an average
His finger was cut off when he caught it
in a machine, but the surgeon was able to
______ it back on.
A. sew B. cure
C. treat D. operate
4. He survived the accident, but his car was
damaged beyond repair, so he had to
______ it.
A. accelerate B. accumulate
C. abolish D. abandon
II. Translate the sentences into English.
1.
老师随便选了八个同学。
The teacher picked eight students
___________.
2.
越来越多的人用布口袋来替代塑料口
袋。
More and more people _______________
_____________ ones made of cloth.
3.
她面对威胁，拒不低头。
She refused to ________________.
at random
substitute plastic bags with/for
submit to threats
4.
你的生意如果能由这些原则所引导，将
会取得成功。
_______________________, your
business will be a success.
5.
他们当中的一半人反对废除原来的做
法。
Half of them _____________________
their past ways.
6.
这个节日可以追溯到一千年前。
This festival can ___________ 1000 years
ago.
Guided by these principles
objected to abolishing
date back to
7.
这次改革导致了全国的一些根本性的改
变。
This reform ______________________
________ throughout the country.
8.
医疗队由来自不同医院的
20
位医生和护
士组成。
The medical team ____________twenty
doctors and nurses from various
hospitals.
led to some fundamental changes
is made up of
Preview
To Preview
Word power
about national flowers & colour idioms on Pages 38-39
To preview
Grammar and usage
about adverbial clauses on Page 40
Homework
1. Read the text again and again. Try to memorize the language points.
2. Parts A and B on pages 116-117 in Workbook to practice using the words and phrases learnt in the Reading section.
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