目录页
CONTENTS
PAGE
第一部分
考点梳理
第二部分
词语辨析
目录
目录页
CONTENTS
PAGE
第一部分
考点梳理
考点一 常考的各种时态的用法及构成
时态
用法
构成
时间状语
例句
一般
现在时
表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
表动作:
Ⅰ.
第三人称单数主语+动词第三人称单数;
Ⅱ.
其他人称+动词原形
sometimes, often, usually, always, never, in the morning/afternoon/evening, every day, on
Sunday(s)等
He leaves home for school at 7 every morning.
他每天早上
7
点离开家去学校。
表示经常性或习惯性的状态
(
表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等
)
;表示客观真理。
表状态:主语+
am/is/are
+表语
1.I am a little hungry and tired.
我又饿又累。
2
.
Shanghai is in the east of China.
上海在中国东部。
考点一 常考的各种时态的用法及构成
时态
用法
构成
时间状语
例句
一般
过去时
表示过去曾经发生的动作。
表动作:
主语+动词的过去式
yesterday, last night (Monday, week, month, year), in 2010, three months ago, just
now等
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
当我还是个孩子时,我经常在街上踢足球。
表示过去曾经存在的状态。
表状态:主语+
was/were
+表语
What were you busy with yesterday?
你昨天忙什么了?
考点一 常考的各种时态的用法及构成
时态
用法
构成
时间状语
例句
一般
将来时
表示将来发生的动作。
I. shall/will+
动词原形;
II. be going to+
动词原形
tomorrow, next year, in two years, from now on, in the
future等
They are going to have a sports meeting in a week.
他们一周后要举行一场运动会。
表示将来发生存在的状态。
I. shall/
will+be
+
表语;
II. be going
to+be
+
表语
Will you be at home at 7 this evening
?今晚
7
点你会在家吗?
考点一 常考的各种时态的用法及构成
时态
用法
构成
时间状语
例句
现在
进行时
表示说话时或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作。
is/am/are
+动词的现在分词
(
v
.ing
)
now, at the moment, at present, these days
等
We are having an English class now.
我们现在正在上英语课。
过去
进行时
表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行或发生的动作。
was/were
+动词的现在分词
(
v
.ing)
at this time yesterday, at 9 last night
及
when
引导的从句等
They were watching TV at 7 last night.
昨晚
7
点他们正在看电视。
考点一 常考的各种时态的用法及构成
时态
用法
构成
时间状语
例句
现在
完成时
表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果;表示过去已经开始,一直延续到现在并有可能继续延续下去的动作或状态。
I.
表动作
have/has
+动词的过去分词
II.
表状态
have/has been
+表语
already, just, yet, ever, never, before, for
+时间段,
since
+时间点
/
一般过去时的从句,
ever since, so far, in the past/last
…
years
等
1.I haven't received his letter for almost a month.
将近一个月了我都没有收到过他的信。
2
.
He has been away from England since 2005.
自从
2005
年以来,他已离开了英国。
考点一 常考的各种时态的用法及构成
注意:
come, go, leave, arrive
等表示位置移动的动词可用现在进行时表示即将发生的或计划好的事情。如:
I'm leaving tomorrow.
我明天动身。
(
)1. Don't disturb Allen now. He ________for the Spelling Competition.
A
.
prepares B
.
prepared C. is preparing
D
.
will prepare
考点链接
C
解析:
C
考查时态。句意为:现在不要打扰艾伦,他正在为拼写竞赛
_______
。
由
now,
可以判断用现在进行时。 所以答案选
C
。
(
)2. —I didn't see you at the beginning of the party last night.
—I ________ on my biology report at that time.
A
.
worked
B
.
work
C
.
was working D
.
am working
考点链接
C
解析:
C
考查时态。句意为:
—
昨天晚上宴会开始的时候我没有看到你。
—
我那个时候正在忙我的生物演讲。
at the time
在那个时候,由此可见是过去那个点正在做某事。因此应用过去进行时。所以答案选
C
。
(
) 3 .Today's young people can't live without smart phones. They keep their hands on the phones wherever they go, even while they ________meals.
A
.
had
B
.
will have
C
.
are having
D
.
were having
考点链接
C
解析:
C
此题考查
while
引导的从句常用现在进行时。句意为:现在的年轻人离不开手机。无论去哪都拿着手机,甚至在他们吃饭的时候都拿着。根据题意,当他们正在吃饭的时候。所以答案选
C
。
(
) 4 . —Your shoes are so old. Why don't you buy a new pair?
—Because I ________ all my money on an MP5.
A
.
spend
B
.
have spent
C
.
am spending
D
.
was spending
考点链接
B
解析 :
B
句意为
—
你的鞋旧了,为什么不新买一双呢?
—
因为我把钱都花在
MP5
上了。
根据句子的意思,我把所有的钱都花在买
MP5
上了,强调影响,应用现在完成时。
(
)5 . —Alan, it's
late.Why
not go to bed?
—Jenny hasn't come back yet. I ________ for her.
A
.
waited
B
.
have waited
C
.
am waiting
D
.
was waiting
考点链接
C
解析:
C
句意为:
—
艾兰,很晚了。为什么还不去睡觉?
—
珍妮还没有回来,我在等她。
由题意可知是“正在等她”,且由“
it‘s late
”可知表示现在,故用现在进行时。
(
) 6 . —Shush, be quiet! The baby ________ in the next room.
—OK, sorry.
A
.
sleeps
B
.
slept
C
.
is sleeping
D
.
sleep
考点链接
C
解析:
C
由题意可知是“宝宝正在睡觉”,故用现在进行时。
1
.一般情况直接加
s
。如:
stop—stops
look—looks
read—reads
2
.以
s, x,
ch
,
sh
, o
结尾的动词加
es
。如:
miss—misses
fix—fixes
watch—watches wash—washes
do—does
3
.辅音字母加
y
结尾的动词,变
y
为
i
再加
es
。如:
hurry—hurries
cry—cries
carry—carries
4
.
be
动词的三种形式:
am, is, are
5
.特殊:
have—has
考点二 动词的第三人称单数
1
.规则动词:
(1)
一般情况直接加
ed
。如:
rain—rained
clean—cleaned
watch—watched
(2)
以不发音字母
e
结尾的动词,只加
d
。如:
live—lived
like—liked
move—moved
(3)
以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写该辅音字母,再加
ed
。如:
drop—dropped
stop—stopped
plan—planned
(4)
以辅音字母加
y
结尾的动词,应变
y
为
i
再加
ed
。如:
carry—carried
study—studied
cry—cried
2
.不规则动词:不规则动词过去式和过去分词的变化规律性不强,只能分别记忆。
考点三 动词的过去式和过去分词
1
.一般情况在词尾加
ing
。如:
listen—listening
do—doing
study—studying
2
.以不发音字母
e
结尾的动词,去
e
加
ing
。如:
have—having
make—making
3
.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写该辅音字母,再加
ing
。如:
run—running
get—getting
begin—beginning
4
.以字母
ie
结尾的动词,变
ie
为
y
再加
ing
。如:
die—dying
lie—lying
考点四 动词的现在分词
1
.短暂性动词和延续性动词
短暂性动词可用于完成时态,但不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,也不能用于
how long
引导的特殊疑问句中。如需使用,此时要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。如:
考点五 现在完成时中的一些重要用法
短暂性动词
延续性动词
例句
leave
be away
He has been away from his university for 24 years.
buy
have
My daughter has had that phone since two weeks ago.
borrow
keep
We have kept the books for three days.
考点五 现在完成时中的一些重要用法
短暂性动词
延续性动词
例句
become
be
Evan and I have been friends since we were children.
die
be dead
My pet cat has been dead for 3 days.
begin/start
be on
The film has been on for 10 minutes.
end/finish
be over
The meeting has been over for half an hour.
考点五 现在完成时中的一些重要用法
短暂性动词
延续性动词
例句
open
be open
This shop has been open for several months.
close
be closed
That factory has been closed since last week.
join
be a member/in
He has been in the club for a year.
go/come/reach/
get/arrive
be in here/there
They have been here since a year ago.
考点五 现在完成时中的一些重要用法
短暂性动词
延续性动词
例句
fall ill/asleep
be ill/asleep
The old man has been ill for a week.
get married
be married
My parents have been married since 16 years ago.
catch a cold
have a cold
I have had a cold for a few days.
(
) 1 . Lei
Feng
________ for many years, but his spirit is still encouraging us.
A
.
died
B
.
has died
C. was dead
D
.
has been dead
考点链接
D
解析:
D
考查现在完成时。句意为:雷锋已经去世很多年了,但是他的精神仍然鼓舞着我们。由
for many years
得知用现在完成时。因为
die
是瞬间动词,用于现在完成时的时候需要用
be dead
。
(
) 2 . —What do you think of the new foreign teacher Thomson?
—Pretty good. I think he ________ a great job so far.
A
.
does
B
.
did
C
.
has done
D
.
was done
考点链接
C
解析:
C
本题考查动词时态,句意为:
—
你觉得新来的外教汤姆斯先生怎么样?
—
很好。
我认为目前他已经做得很好了。
so far
表示到目前为止,用现在完成时。所以选
C
。
(
) 3 . Our English teacher is very nice. We ________ friends since three years ago.
A
.
were
B
.
became
C
.
have been
D
.
have made
考点链接
C
解析:
C
句意为:我们的英语老师非常好,我们已经做了三年的朋友了。由
since three years ago
可以判断该句用现在完成时。
make friends
交朋友,
make
是短暂性动词,不能和一段时间连用。故用
be friends
。
(
)4 . —Do you know her well?
—
Sure.We
________ friends since ten years ago.
A
.
were
B
.
have made C
.
have been
D
.
have become
考点链接
C
解析:
C
—
你很了解她吗?
—
当然。我们已经做了十年的朋友了
。
根据后面的
since ten years ago
可知用现在完成时,且
make
和
become
均为短暂性动词,不能与一段时间连用,应用
be friends
。故选
C
。
2.
几组词的区别
I
.
have/has gone to, have/has been to
和
have/has been in
的区别
考点五 现在完成时中的一些重要用法
have been to
强调
“
去过某地
”
,人已经回来了。
和
ever
,
never
,
before
等连用
Have you been to our town before
?你以前曾经去过我们镇吗?
have gone to
强调
“
在去某地的路上或在某地
”
,人还未回来。
Has he gone to Qingdao
?他去青岛了吗?
have been in
强调
“
一直待在某地”,常与一段时间连用。
常和
“for
+一段时间
”
或
“since
+时间点
”
或
how long
连用
He has been here since 1989.
他自从
1989
年就在这儿了。
II.already
,
yet
考点五 现在完成时中的一些重要用法
already
已经,用于肯定句,放句中。
I have already read the book.
yet
用于否定句,是
“
还,仍然
”
;用于疑问句,是
“
已经
”
,放句尾。
I haven't read the book yet.
Have you finished your homework yet
?
III. for
,
since
考点五 现在完成时中的一些重要用法
for
for
+一段时间
I have worked here for a year.
since
since
+过去某一时间点
/
一般过去时
I have worked here since 2009.
I have worked here since I came here last year.
It is/has been
+一段时间+
since
+句子
(
一般过去时
)
It's a year since I worked here.
(
)Sam________ Chinese since he came to China. He speaks good Chinese now.
A
.
learns
B
.
learned
C
.
has learned
D
.
will learn
考点链接
C
解析:
C
句意为:自从山姆来中国他就开始学习汉语。现在他汉语已经说得很好了。根据后面的
since
可知应用现在完成时。因此选
C
。
3
.现在完成时和一般过去时的区别
(1)
现在完成时强调过去动作产生的结果对现在的影响,与现在有关;一般过去时仅强调在过去某一时刻曾经发生的动作,与现在无关。如:
He has studied English for five years.
他学英语五年了。
(
说明他现在还在学
)
He studied English for five years.
他曾学过五年英语。
(
只说明他过去学过五年英语,但现在学不学就不知道了
)
考点五 现在完成时中的一些重要用法
(
)Our math teacher ________ in our school for 20 years and he ________ here when he was 23 years old.
A
.
has taught; has come B
.
taught; comes
C
.
taught; came D
.
has taught; came
考点链接
D
解析:
D
句意为:我们数学老师在我们学校教书
20
年了,当他
23
岁的时候他就来到这里了。由
for 20 years
可知,动作从
20
年前持续到现在,故要用现在完成时;由时间状语从句“
when he was 23 years old”
可知,动作发生在
23
岁时,故要用一般过去时。故选
D
。