外研版英语选修六 Module 2 Fantasy（第1课时）课件.ppt

Fantasy Literature Module 2 Module 2 1.1.1　集合的概念 第一课时　 Introduction & Reading and Vocabulary 课内要点探究 2 巩 固 提 升 3 课后强化作业 4 课前 新知 预习 1 课前 新知 预习 Ⅰ . 重点单词 1 ．系列，丛书 ( n .)________ 2 ． ( 小说，电影中的 ) 女主角 ( n .)________→ 男主角 ( n .)________ 3 ．小说 ( n .)________ 4 ．表现，举动 ( v .)________→ 举止，行为 ( n .)__________ 5 ．确定地，一定地 ( ad v .)________ 6 ．犹豫，迟疑 ( v .)________→ 犹豫 ( n .)________ 7 ．怀疑 ( n .)________ 8 ．方向 ( n .)________→ 指导，指挥 ( v .)________ series heroine hero novel behave behaviour 　 definitely hesitate hestitation doubt direction direct 9 ．咬，咬伤 ( v .)________ 10 ．疲惫，精疲力竭 ( n .)_________→ 疲惫的 ( adj .)________ 11 ．渴望 ( n .)________ 12 ．巡逻，巡查 ( v .)________ 13 ．看不见的 ( adj .)________→ 看得见的 ( adj .)________ 14 ．惊慌，恐慌 ( n .)________ 15 ．边，边缘 ( n .)________ 16 ．大概地，粗略地 ( ad v .)________→ 粗糙的，高低不平的 ( adj .)________ 17 ．正方形的 ( adj .)________ bite exhaustion exhausted 　 longing patrol 　 invisible visible 　 alarm 　 edge roughly rough square 18 ．形状 ( n .)________ 19 ．结构，框架 ( n .)________ 20 ．视野，景象，景色 ( n .)________ 21 ．光秃秃的 ( adj .)________→ 几乎不，刚刚 ( ad v .)________ 22 ．弯腰，屈身 ( v .)________ 23 ．做梦 ( v .)________ 24 ．醒着的，清醒的 ( adj .)________→ 醒来，唤醒 ( v .)________ shape fabric 　 prospect bare barely 　 bend 　 dream awake wake Ⅱ . 重点短语 1 ． ________an important part in 　　在 …… 中起重要作用， 对 …… 有重要影响 2 ． put ________ 放下 3 ． hold ________ 伸出 4 ． come ________to 朝 …… 走过来 5 ． turn________ 走开 6 ． sweep ________ 向 …… 扩展 7 ． keep one's eyes ________ 注视，盯着看 play down out up away on over 8 ． ________ on 注视，凝视 9 ． cast ________ 寻找，搜索，想办法 10 ． (be) laden ________ ( 空气中 ) 充溢着 ( 某种味道 ) 的 11 ． look around ________ 四处寻找 fix about with for 课内要点探究 1.series n ． ( 单复同 ) (1) 系列，连续 a series of questions/good harvest 一系列问题 / 连年丰收 (2) 套；丛书 a series of Long March memorial stamps/coins 一套长征纪念邮票 / 币 the Chinese History series 中国历史丛书 a TV/radio series 电视 / 广播系列节目 即学即用 完成句子 他被一连串的事故惊呆了。 He was shocked by ______ ______ ______ ______. 答案： a series of accidents 辨析 behaviour, conduct behaviour 指在他人面前的或特殊场合的行为，尤指交际上的细节。 conduct 指关于道德方面的行为。 ① He is satisfied with his behaviour at the party. 他对自己在宴会上的举止很满意。 ② She felt she was charged with improper conduct. 她知道自己是因为行为不轨而被起诉。 即学即用 完成句子 (1) 注意你的举止，别闹出笑话来。 ________ ________ ； don't make a fool of yourself. (2) 他们对我的举止说明他们不喜欢我。 Their________towards me shows that they don't like me. 答案： (1)Behave yourself (2)behaviour 3 ． hesitate vi. 犹豫，踌躇，迟疑；不情愿 ① He's still hesitating about joining/over whether to join the expedition. 他对是否去参加考察仍拿不定主意。 ② He hesitates at nothing. 他从不优柔寡断。 ③ I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我舍不得把这么多钱花在衣服上。 知识拓展 (1)hesitate to do 不愿做 …… ；对做 …… 有顾虑 hesitate about/over... 对 …… 犹豫不决 (2)hesitation n . 犹豫，迟疑 have no hesitation in 对 …… 没有顾虑 without hesitation 毫不犹豫地 即学即用 完成句子 (1) 如果你有什么问题，尽管问我。 If you have any questions ， ______ ______ ______ ______me. (2) 他毫不犹豫地接受了邀请。 He accepted the invitation________ ________. 答案： (1)don't hesitate to ask (2)without hesitation 4 ． doubt n. & v ． 怀疑 ① There is no doubt that we will be successful. 毫无疑问我们会成功的。 ② No doubt he means to help, but in fact he just gets in the way. 他确实是想帮忙，然而事实上却只是帮倒忙。 ③ We doubt the truth of this news. 我们怀疑这个新闻的真实性。 知识拓展 without doubt 毫无疑问 in doubt 不确定，拿不准 no doubt 无疑，确定 The success of this new rule is still in doubt. 这个新规定能否成功目前仍不确定。 注意： (1) 当 doubt 与表示否定的词，如 no, not, beyond, without 等搭配或在疑问句中时，后接由 that 引导的从句。 (2)doubt 用在肯定句中，后接 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句或 whether 引导的同位语从句。 ① There is some doubt whether their team will win the match. 他们队是否会赢得比赛还很难说。 ② I do not doubt that he can recite it. 我相信他能把它背下来。 即学即用 语法填空 (1)I don't doubt ________ he will pass the exam. (2)I doubt ________ he'll keep his word. 答案： (1)that 　 (2)whether/if 5 ． direction n. (1)[C] 方向 ① Tom went off in one direction and Harry in another. 汤姆朝一个方向走，哈里则朝另一个方向走。 ② When the police arrived, the crowd scattered in all directions/in every direction. 警察一到，人群就向四面八方散开了。 (2)[C] 指南；指示；说明书；操作说明 Simple directions for assembling the model are printed on the box. 盒上印有装配模型的简要说明。 (3)[U] 管理；监督；指导；指点 He did the work under my direction. 他在我的指导下做这项工作。 知识拓展 in all directions ( 向 ) 四面八方 in the direction of 向 …… 方向 from the direction of... 从 …… 方向 即学即用 完成句子 当他抬起头时，他发现自己正朝家乡的方向走。 When he raised his head, he found himself walking ______ ______ ______ ______his hometown. 答案： in the direction of 6 ． pat vt. ( 用掌或扁平之物 ) 轻拍 ( 某人 / 某物 ) ①Her old grandma patted the little girl's hand. 她奶奶轻轻地拍那个小女孩的手。 ② He patted the boy on the head and went out. 他拍拍男孩子的头，出去了。 ③ She deserves a pat on the back for the hard work she's done. ＝ We/People should pat her on the back for all the hard work she's done. 她的辛勤努力值得赞扬。 知识拓展 pat sb. ＋ on ＋ the head “ 轻拍某人的头 ” 。英语中常用 “ hit sb. ＋ on/in ＋ the ＋身体部位 ” 表示 “ 打某人的头 / 肩 / 背 / 脸 / 眼等 ” 。其中的定冠词通常不用不定冠词 a/an 或形容词性物主代词代替。若打在结实的部位 ( 如 head, shoulder, back 等 ) 前面常用介词 on ；若打在柔软多肉的部位 ( 如 leg, eye, face 等 ) ，前面常用介词 in 。类似的动词有 pat, hit, touch, beat, strike 等。另外还有 “ pull/take/hold... ＋ sb. ＋ by ＋ the ＋身体部位 ” 结构。 ①A stone hit me in the face/eye. 一块石子打到了我的脸 / 眼。 ② The little girl held her mother by the arm. ＝ The little girl held her mother's arm. 那个小女孩抓住她妈妈的胳膊。 ③ The man touched me on the back. 那个男人碰了碰我的背。 即学即用 单句改错 The boy hated being patted in the head. __________________________________________________ 答案： 把 in 改为 on 7 ． invisible adj. 看不见的，不可见的 The clothes made of this magic cloth would be invisible. 用这种魔布缝制的衣服是看不见的。 知识拓展 (1)be invisible to... 对 …… 看不见的，无形的 He acted as if he was completely invisible to others. 他做起事来好像没有人看得见他似的。 (2)visible adj . 可见的；看得见的；能注意到的；能确定的，明显的 visibly ad v . 能注意到地；明显地 即学即用 语法填空 The house was surrounded by trees and ________ (visible)from the road. 答案： invisible 8 ． alarm n. 惊慌，恐慌，警告，警报 v ． 警告，使惊恐，向 …… 报警 (1)The news of the nuclear leak caused widespread public alarm. 核泄漏的消息引起了公众的普遍恐慌。 (2)I don't want to alarm you ， but there's a strange man in your garden. 我并不想吓着你，不过你的花园里有个陌生人。 知识拓展 give/raise/sound the alarm 发出警报 the fire alarm 火警警铃 alarm clock 闹钟 alarmed adj . 担心的；害怕的 巧学助记 alarm 含义面面观 即学即用 用 alarm 的适当形式填空 (1) “ What's up ？ ” he asked in________. (2)The explosion________the whole neighbourhood came from a chemical factory nearby. (3)I'm rather________to hear that you're planning to leave the company. 答案： (1)alarm 　 (2)alarming 　 (3)alarmed 9 ． shape 1) n . (1) 形状 The picture is round in shape. 这幅画是圆形的。 (2) 模糊的东西 I made out two dim shapes in the gloom. 我在朦胧中看出有两个模糊的影子。 (3) 情况，状态 ① What shape is the team in after its defeat? 这个队失败后的情况如何？ ②The illness has left him in rather poor shape. 他经过这场大病已形容枯槁。 2) v . (1) 做成某物的形状 shape the sand into a mound 把沙堆成小丘 (2) 有重大影响 These events helped to shape her future career. 这些事促成了她后来从事的事业。 (3) 进展 How is the new team shaping up? 新队的表现怎样？ (4) 使 ( 衣服 ) 合身 The jacket is shaped at the waist. 这件外衣腰部很贴身。 知识拓展 out of shape 变形，走样 take shape 变得更有条理 即学即用 你一直坐在我的裤子上，它现在已经严重变形了。 You have been sitting on my trousers and now it is badly ______ ______ ______. 答案： out of shape 10 ． bend (1) v . 弯腰，曲身；弯曲 ① He bent forward to listen to the child. 他弯下身来听那孩子说话。 ② The mast was bent during the storm. 桅杆在风暴中变弯了。 (2) v . 专心于 He bent his mind to the research project. 他全力以赴地做这项研究课题。 (3) n . 弯曲，弯曲物，转弯 a bend in the road 道路的转弯处 巧学助记 知识拓展 常用词组： bend down 弯腰 bend oneself to 专心于，致力于 ( 其中 to 为介词 ) bend over 弯身作拱形；俯身靠近；屈服 bend one's mind to 专心致志地从事 即学即用 完成句子 拾起重物时要屈腿。 ______ ______ ______when you pick up something heavy. 答案： Bend your legs 11 ． dream 1) v i . & v t .(dreamed, dreamed; dreamt, dreamt) (1) 做梦，梦见。 I dreamed that I was flying to the moon. 我梦见我飞向月球。 (2) 梦想，想到，常与 not, little, never 等连用，表示 “ 想不到 ” 。 ① I little dreamed of seeing you here. 真没想到在这儿见到你。 ②I never dreamed that you(should)have such great progress in this very short time. 我做梦也没想到你在这么短的时间内会取得这么大的进步。 (that 从句表示虚拟 ) 2) n . 梦，梦想，是可数名词，表示一个梦，不统指 “ 梦 ” 或 “ 做梦 ” 。 He used the phrase “ I have a dream ” many times. 他多次重复地用了一句话 —— “ 我有一个梦想 ” 。 注意： 表示 “ 做梦 ” ，应说 have a dream ，不能说 make/do a dream 。 知识拓展 dream of/about 梦想，向往 dream up 凭空想出 dream a sweet dream 做了一个美梦 a day dream 白日梦 beyond one's wildest dreams 远远超出某人的想象 巧学助记 形象的 dream 即学即用 一句多译 她有成为电影明星的梦想。 (1)She ______ ______ ______a movie star. (2)She ______ ______ she will become a movie star. (3)She has the ______ ______ ______a movie star. (4)______ ______is to become a movie star. 答案： (1)dreams of/about becoming (2)dreams that (3)dream of becoming (4)Her dream 12 ． awake (1) v i . & v t .(awoke/awoken, awaked/awaked) 醒，觉醒，唤醒 ① I usually awake at 6 in the morning. 我早上通常六点醒。 ② The ringing of the telephone awoke the baby. 电话铃把孩子给吵醒了。 (2) adj . 警觉的，醒的，表示未入睡或醒着的状态；也可表示对 …… 有清醒的认识，可用于抽象含意，其反义词为 asleep 。 ① One woman was lying in bed, awake, listening to the rushing winds. 有位妇女正醒着，躺在床上静听着那迅疾而过的大风。 ② He is awake to the difficulties. 他明白这些困难。 辨析 awake 与 wake (1)awake 用作形容词时，一般用作表语或后置定语，不能用作前置定语；用作动词时，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，但都不与 up 连用。 ① Some students awake read in bed by the moonlight. 有些醒着的学生在床上借着月光看书。 ② The telephone ring awakes( ＝ wakes up)the whole family at night. 电话铃在夜里吵醒全家人。 (2)wake 较为通俗，既可作及物动词，又可用作不及物动词，单独使用或与 up 连用。 ① When I woke/woke up, the sun was shining into the room. 我醒来时，太阳已照进屋里了。 ② I walked in quietly, for I was afraid of waking him(up) ． 我静悄悄地走了进来，怕弄醒他。 即学即用 完成句子 暴风雨让我整夜都没有睡着觉。 The storm kept ______ ______ all through the night. 答案： me awake 1.play a part (1) 扮演某个角色 ① Who plays the part of Macbeth? 谁扮演麦克白？ ② He will play an important part in the film. 他将在这部电影中扮演一个重要的角色。 (2) 担任 …… 任务 / 职务 He played a leading part in the movement. 他在那次运动中担任领导职务。 (3)play a part in sth. 参加某活动 She plays an active part in local politics. 她积极参与地方政治活动。 知识拓展 (1)take part in sth. 参与某事；参加 take part in a discussion/game/fight 参加讨论 / 比赛 / 战斗 How many countries will take part in the World Cup? 有多少国家参加世界杯比赛？ (2)take an active part in sth. 积极参与某事 (3)play a role in... 在 …… 中扮演一个角色；在 …… 中起作用 (4)play an important part/role in 在 …… 中起重要作用，对 …… 有重要影响， in 后接名词或动名词， part/role 前还可以用 small, large, significant 等形容词修饰，也可以不加形容词。 ① He played an important part in the TV show. 他在那部电视剧中扮演一个很重要的角色。 ② Diet plays the leading role in the treatment. 饮食在此次治疗中起主要的作用。 即学即用 语法填空 E mail, as well as telephones, ________(play)an important part in daily communication. 答案： is playing 2 ． put down (1) 把 …… 放下；写下 ① After he finished his exercise, he put down his pen. 他做完练习就放下笔。 ② Put down your name and address and we'll send you a free copy of the magazine. 写下您的姓名和地址，我们会给您寄去一份免费杂志。 (2) 使 ( 飞机 ) 降落；让某人下车 ① The plane put down there at noon. 飞机中午在那里降落。 ②The bus stopped to put down some passengers. 公共汽车停下来让一些旅客下车。 (3) 镇压；扑灭；消灭 ① All the medical workers in the region helped to put down the bird flu. 这个地区的所有医务工作者都参加了消灭禽流感的工作。 ② Our cat was getting so old and sick that we had her put down. 我们的老猫病成这个样子，该把它杀掉了。 知识拓展 put an end to... 平息；停止；结束；消灭 put away 收起 ( 放好 ) ；储存 ( ＝ put aside) put aside 把 …… 放到一边；储存 ( 金钱 ) 以备他日之需；不顾，忽视某物 put back 放回原处；向后移，拨回 put into practice 实施；付诸实践；实行，执行 put off 推迟；延期 ( ＝ delay) put out 扑灭；出版；伸出 put up with 忍受 ( ＝ bear/stand) put up 举起；安装；盖起；张贴 即学即用 单句改错 Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can put up almost every word her teacher says. __________________________________________________ 答案： 把 up 改为 down 3 ． hold out (1) 伸出，提出 ① She held out her arms to embrace the little girl. 她伸出双臂来拥抱那个小女孩。 ② Those were promises they had held out. 这就是他们提出的诺言。 (2)( ＝ last) 坚持下去，维持，继续 ( ≠ go on ，意为使某一状态得以延续 ) ① How long will our food supplies hold out? 我们的贮粮还能维持多久？ ② I can't hold out much longer — I must find a toilet. 我内急不能再久等了 —— 我必须找个厕所。 知识拓展 hold back 阻挡；忍住 hold on 坚持下去，别挂电话 hold on to 抓住不放；保留 hold one's view 持有 …… 观点 hold one's tongue 住嘴 hold down ＝ put down 镇压；压住 hold out for ＝ continue to demand 继续要求，坚持 hold out on ＝ refuse to deal with 拒绝与 …… 来往 hold up 举 …… 作为范例；阻碍或延误；以武力或暴力威胁 即学即用 用 hold 动词短语的适当形式填空 (1)We must________________till victory. (2)It is always impossible to try to________________the progress of history. (3)My flight________________by the heavy snow. (4)Please behave well, and________________the possessions I'm leaving you. 答案： (1)hold out 　 (2)hold back 　 (3)was held up 　 (4)hold on to 4 ． come up to 朝 …… 走过来 When he saw me, he came up to me at once. 他看见我后，立即向我走来。 知识拓展 come about 发生，产生 come across ( 偶然 ) 遇见 / 发现 come from 来自 come on 赶快；加油 come true 实现，变为现实 come up 上前；被提出 come up with 提出 come out 出来；出版，发行；发芽；最后的结果是 come to 共计，达到；降临；财产归某人 即学即用 用合适的介词或副词填空 (1)She came ________ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store. (2)A child came________to me and showed me the way to the station. 答案： (1)across 　 (2)up 5 ． turn away 转脸而不面对某人或某物；拒绝看，把 …… 打发走，解雇 ① She turned away in disgust. 她感到厌恶而把脸转开。 ② He turned away a beggar. 他逐出一名乞丐。 知识拓展 turn up 开大，调高；找到；出现，到达 turn on 打开，开启 turn off 关闭，关掉 turn in 交还；上交 ( ＝ hand in) ，睡觉 turn out 证明 ( 是 ) ；结果是 turn to 向 …… 求助，求得安慰 turn over 考虑，思索 turn down 降低，减弱；拒绝 turn...into reality 把 …… 变为现实 即学即用 完成句子 为什么当我们看到蛇时必须保持冷静而不要跑开？ Why do we need to keep calm and ______ ______ ______when we see a snake? 答案： not turn away 6 ． keep one's eyes on... (1) 注视，盯着 Rose kept her eyes on the portrait of her I had just painted. 露丝仔细看我刚给她画的肖像。 (2) 留心，注意；照顾，看护 ① Keep an eye on the stove in case the coffee boils. 注意炉子，别让咖啡沸出。 ② Just keep your eyes on the children while I am out, will you? 我出去时请照看一下孩子们，好吗？ 知识拓展 (1) “ 看 ” 的表达短语有： keep an eye on..., fix one's eyes on..., stare at... ①Please keep an eye on the road. 请看着路。 ② When the teacher came into the classroom, Tom was fixing his eyes on a novel. 当老师走进教室时，汤姆正在看小说。 (2)eye 的其他短语： an eye for an eye(and a tooth for a tooth) 以眼还眼 ( 以牙还牙 ) the apple of one's eyes 最珍贵的东西，最喜欢的人 be all eyes 聚精会神地看 have an eye for... 能欣赏 …… be in the public eye 受到公众的注意 catch one's eyes 引起某人的注意 close/shut one's eyes to 不理会，闭眼不见，视而不见 即学即用 句型转换 Her eyes were fixed on the gun so she didn't notice me. →With______ ______ ______ ______the gun, she didn't notice me. 答案： her eyes fixed on 7 ． cast about 寻找，搜索，想办法 ① She was casting about how she could avoid work. 她盘算着怎样才能逃避工作。 ② The dog is casting about for its supper. 这条狗正到处寻找它的晚饭呢。 知识拓展 cast away 遭遇海难而流落某地 cast down 使心烦意乱，气馁，沮丧 cast off 解缆放船，解缆，抛弃， ( 编织衣物时的 ) 收针 cast on ( 编织毛衣等 ) 起针 即学即用 单句改错 Don't be so cast about. Just keep up your spirits. __________________________________________________ 答案： 把 about 改为 down 1.The heroine is a young girl called Lyra and the hero is a boy called Will. 小说的女主人公是一个叫利拉的小女孩，男主人公是一个叫威尔的男孩。 本句中 called Lyra 与 called Will 这两个过去分词短语都作后置定语来修饰前面的 a young girl 与 a boy 。 知识拓展 过去分词作定语的用法： (1) 单独使用时，常常放在名词之前；有时为了强调也可放在名词之后。 a buried box of coins 一箱被埋起来的硬币 a stamp used 一张用过的邮票 (2) 过去分词短语 ( 即过去分词与其他构成的短语 ) 常常放在被修饰的名词之后。 the language spoken in that area 那个地区讲的语言 (3) 过去分词通常带有被动含义，所以用作定语的过去分词在意思上与一个定语从句差不多，这个定语从句的谓语在一般情况下为被动语态。 It is not fit to go swimming in a polluted river(in a river that is polluted) ． 在被污染的河里游泳是不合适的。 高考直击 (2014 · 重庆改编 ) The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras________(return) to our shop for quality problems. 答案： returned 　本题考查过去分词短语作定语。本句中的动词 return 与前面的名词 cameras 构成逻辑上的被动关系，所以使用过去分词短语在句中做定语来修饰 cameras ，从语法作用上来说相当于一个定语从句 which are returned … . 。 即学即用 语法填空 (1)After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope ________(provide) ． (2)Time, ____(use) correctly, is money in the bank. 答案： (1)provided 　 (2)used 2 ． Will was stupefied with exhaustion, and he might have gone on to the north, or he might have laid his head on the grass under one of those trees and slept... 威尔累得脑子都木了，他本可以继续向北走，也有可能在某棵树下头枕着草地昏昏睡去 …… 本句是一并列句。首先 and 连接主体并列句，其次 or 连接并列句二中的两个并列分句。 知识拓展 (1)(be)stupefied with 因疲劳、厌倦或吃惊等而昏昏沉沉，神志不清 ① He was stupefied with drink. 他醉得迷迷糊糊。 ② I was stupefied by what I read. 我读到的内容把我惊呆了。 (2)might have done 表示对过去可能发生的事情的推测。 That was too dangerous. You might have killed yourself. 那太危险了，你当时可能会丧命的。 即学即用 语法填空 — I wonder why Mr. Wang didn't attend the lecture. — He ________(have) another one. 答案： might have had 3 ． Of course, every cat behaved like that, but all the same Will felt such a longing to turn for home that tears scalded his eyes. 当然，所有猫都是那样的。尽管如此，威尔还是非常渴望回家，以至于热泪盈眶。 本句中含有 such...that... 句式，表示 “ 如此 …… 以至于 ……” ； such 后修饰名词，如果是单数可数名词，其顺序为： “ such ＋ a(n) ＋形容词＋名词 ” 。 知识拓展 so that, so...that, such...that 用法小结： (1)so that “ 以便 ”“ 结果 ” ，表目的和结果，注意：在从句中有情态动词表目的，无情态动词表结果。 (2)so...that “ 如此 …… 以至于 ” ，表结果。该结构常见于： ① so ＋形容词 / 副词＋ that ②so ＋形容词＋ a(an) ＋单数名词＋ that ③so ＋ many/much ＋复数名词 ( 不可数名词 ) ＋ that (3)such...that “ 如此 …… 以至于 ” ，表结果。该结构常见于： ① such ＋ a(an) ＋形容词＋名词＋ that ②such ＋形容词＋复数名词 / 不可数名词＋ that 注意： such 还可以用作名词，表示如此 …… 的人或事物，其后常跟 that 结构，用以阐释其具体内容或进行修饰。 即学即用 句型转换 It was such a boring speech that I fell asleep. ＝ It was ______ ______ ______ ______that I fell asleep. 答案： so boring a speech 4 ． Then she leapt backwards, back arched and fur on end, tail held out stiffly. 然后它向后一跃，脊背拱起，毛发竖立，尾巴僵直地伸着。 句中的 back arched and fur on end, tail held out stiffly 是独立主格结构，即名词后接介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词、不定式等形式，相当于状语成分。 知识拓展 独立主格结构的用法： 它表示谓语动词发生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。 (1) 作时间状语 The work done ( ＝ After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们就回家了。 (2) 作条件状语 Weather permitting( ＝ If weather permits) ， they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。 (3) 作原因状语 An important lecture to be given tomorrow ( ＝ As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。 (4) 作伴随状语 He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head ( ＝ and his hands were crossed under his head) ． 他躺在草地上，两手交叉枕在脑后。 (5) 表补充说明 A hunter came in, his face red with cold ( ＝ and his face was red with cold) ． 一个猎人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。 注意： (1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语和句子的主语不同， 它独立存在。 (2) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开。 高考直击 (2014 · 江苏改编 )The lecture________(give), a lively question and answer session followed. 答案： having been given 　本题考查独立主格结构。根据后半句 “ 热闹的问答环节紧随其后 ” 可知，前半句说的是 “ 一场讲座结束了 ” 。两件事情先后发生，并且有明确的先后关系，先发生的一般用现在分词的完成式做状语，又因为是被动，所以应该是 having been given 。 即学即用 语法填空 (1)Everything________(take)into consideration, they ought to have another chance. (2)(2012 · 新课标 )The party will be held in the garden, weather ________(permit) ． 答案： (1)taken 　 (2)permitting 5 ． It looked as if someone had cut a patch out of the air, about two metres from the edge of the road, a patch roughly square in shape and less than a metre across. 看上去就像有人在距离路边大约两米的地方将空间切开了一块， 它大体呈方形，不到一米宽。 as if 在句中引导表语从句。该从句为简单句，从句的 about two metres from the edge of the road 作定语修饰前面的 a patch; a patch roughly... 为前面的 a patch 的同位语， roughly square in shape and less than a metre across 作定语修饰 a patch 。 ① It seems as if our team is going to win. 看起来我们队要胜利了。 ② It looks as if he knew the truth because he was sad. 他似乎已经知道了真相，因为他很伤心。 注意： as if 还可以引导方式状语从句。 He raised his hand as if he wanted to say something. 他举手好像要说什么。 提示： as if 引导方式状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语是同一主语，并且从句谓语动词有 be 的形式从句可省略成 “ as if ＋过去分词 / 现在分词 / 不定式 / 形容词 ……” ① He raised his hand as if (he was) to say something. 他举手好像要说什么。 ② She left the room hurriedly as if (she was) angry. 她匆忙离开房间，好像很生气的样子。 知识拓展 as if 引导从句时，若从句的意思与事实不符可以使用虚拟语气：与现在事实相反用一般过去时；与过去事实相反用过去完成时；与将来事实有可能相反用 could 或 would ＋动词原形。 即学即用 语法填空 Jack wasn't saying anything but the teacher smiled at him as if he ________(do) something very clever. 答案： had done 巩 固 提 升 5 ． Everyone___________protecting the environment. 6 ． Many people_______________when meeting difficulty just because of lack of courage and effort. 7 ． When Tom finished his studies at the university, he began to ________a job. 8 ． “ ______me ， and don't lose sight of me ， ” he ordered. 答案： 1.put down 　 2.holding out 3 ． came up to 　 4.fix ； on 5 ． plays an important part in 6 ． turn away 　 7.look around for 8 ． Keep your eyes on Ⅱ . 单项填空 1 ． They ________ very calmly in a dangerous situation. A ． behaved B ． believed C ． performed D ． conducted 答案： A 　句意：他们处在危险境况时表现得很冷静。 behave 行为，举止； believe 相信； perform 执行，履行； conduct 领导，指导，操纵。 2 ． He didn't hesitate ________ her to sit beside him. A ． asking B ． to ask C ． that ask D ． asked 答案： B 　句意：他毫不迟疑地邀请她坐在他的旁边。 hesitate 跟不定式作宾语。 3 ． There is no doubt ________ John will come on time. A ． if B ． why C ． that D ． how 答案： C 　句意：毫无疑问约翰会准时来。 doubt 怀疑，疑惑； no doubt 毫无疑问，后跟 that 引导的同位语从句。 4 ． — Hi, this way, please. — OK ， I sometimes have no sense of ________ when I arrive at the crossroads. A ． position B ． direction C ． situation D ． condition 答案： B 　句意： —— 喂，请这边走。 —— 好的，有时在十字路口我会失去方向感。 sense of direction 方向感； position 位置，地位； situation 情况，形势； condition 条件。 5 ． The programme was so exciting that the children kept their eyes ________ on the screen. A ． to fix B ． fixed C ． to be fixed D ． fixing 答案： B 　考查非谓语形式。 fix one's eyes on 注视，凝视， fix 与 one's eyes 为逻辑上的动宾关系， one's eyes 放到 fix 前面，故应用过去分词形式，排除 A 、 D 两项； C 项中不定式常表将做某事，排除 C 。 6 ． The table was in a curious ________ as both the top and legs were slightly curved. A ． form B ． pattern C ． shape D ． model 答案： C 　句意：那张桌子形状很奇怪，桌面和桌腿都有点弯曲。 form 形式； pattern 模式； shape 形状； model 模型。根据句意应选 C 。 7 ． Chaplin ________ a great actor as a child, and at last his dream ________. A ． dreamed to be; came to true B ． dreamed of being; realized C ． dreamed of being; came true D ． dreamed being; realized 答案： C 　句意：卓别林在儿童时期就梦想成为一名优秀的演员，最后他的梦想终于实现了。 dream of doing “ 梦想做某事 ” ； come true “ 实现 ” 。