八下Unit10 Section A grammar focus-4c课件(共51张PPT).ppt

Section A 3 Grammar focus – 4c 表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“ for+ 时间段 ”、“ since+ 过去时间点 ”、“ since+ 过去时的从句 ”、“ since+ 一段时间 +ago ” 。且 for 与 since 引导的时间状语可以相互转换。 Present Perfect Tense 现在完成时 过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在， for 、 since 把时间带。 e.g. My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years. = My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago. I ’ve lived  here  since  1990 ． 自从 1990 年以来我就住在这里。   I  haven’t seen  him  for  three years. 我三年没有看见他了。   瞬间动词 的肯定式不能和 时间段 连用。但其否定式可以和时间段连用。 因为，其否定式表示的是一种状态，而状态总是可以延续的。 *He has come to Beijing for two years . He has been in Beijing for two years. *He has bought that book for three weeks . He has had that book for three weeks. *He has joined the Army for one and a half years . He has been in the army for one and a half years. It is two years since he came to Beijing. It is three weeks since he bought that book. It is one and a half years since he joined the Army. *His grandma has died for nine months . His grandma has been dead for nine months. It is nine months since his grandma died. 含有 for ， since 的现在完成时的用法歌诀 : 过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在， for 、 since 把时间带。 歌诀 非延续性 动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与 for 或 since 引出的短语 ( 或句子 ) 连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个 非延续性动词 一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如： I haven’t seen him for a long time . 我很久没见到他了。 He hasn’t come here for some time . 他有段时间没来了。 I haven’t heard from her since she left . 自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。 瞬间性动词 延续性动词 come — be (in) buy — have borrow — keep leave — be away die — be dead stop — be over begin / start — be on open ---- be open close ---- be closed put on — wear catch a cold — have a cold get to know — know go out — be out finish — be over fall asleep — be asleep join — be in/be a member of become — be make friends — be friends 非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换 在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将 短暂性动词 转化为相同意义的 延续性动词 或状态动词。 初中英语中常见的有： 短暂性动词 延续性动词 go, leave, move arrive, come, reach join,  become buy, get ( 得到 ) be away (off),   be out of be here , be in + 某地 be in,  be a (an) + n . have fall ill (asleep) finish, end begin , start begin to learn (work, read, rain) go out get up borrow get to know die lose be ill (asleep) be over be on learn, work , read,  rain be out be up keep know be dead be lost 短暂性动词 延续性动词 此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的 动词必须是延续性动词 ( 否定句除外 ) 。 1. 这本书我买了 5 年了。 I have bought the book for five years . ( ) I’ve had the book for five years . ( ) × √ 句中动词的特点 2. 你哥哥参军多长时间了？ How long has your brother joined the army? ( ) How long has your brother been in the army/been a soldier? ( ) × √ Kitty has left Beijing for two days. Kitty left Beijing two days ago. Kitty has been away from Beijing for two days. Kitty has bought her purse since last year. Kitty bought her purse a year ago. Kitty has had her purse for a year. √ √ √ √ 不能说 : *He has come to Beijing for two years . *He has bought that book for three weeks . *He has joined the Army for one and a half years . *His grandma has died for nine months . He has got up for 5minutes. 可以说 : He has been in Beijing for two years. He has had that book for three weeks. He has been in the army for one and a half years. His grandma has been dead for nine months. He has been up for 5minutes. The old man died two years ago . 这个老人两年前死了。 The old man has been dead for two years. 这个老人死了两年了。 He bought a car five years ago . 他五年前买了一辆轿车。 He has had the car for five years. 这辆轿车他买了五年了。 Rewrite the sentences using for or since . (4a) 1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. Jim has been in Japan for three days. 2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. They have not eaten for ten hours. They have been very hungry for ten hours. × (Although their last meal was ten hours ago, it isn’t logical that they got hungry immediately after they had their last meal.) 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since . Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. 2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago. Jim has been in Japan for three years. 3. I have a camera. I bought it in 2009. 4. I know Anna. I first met her three years ago. 5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday. I have had a camera since 2009. I have known Ann for three years/ since three years ago. Linda has been ill since Monday. 4b Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets. I _______________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _____ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold. 2. They _________________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________ (always want) to have a dog. have never been go have never owned always want 3. We _________ (have) a piano since last November. We _______ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year. 4. Cathy and Amy ____________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They ______ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year. have had bought haven’t been miss 5. This museum _________ (be) here for over 20 years. It _____ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town. 　　 has been is 4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart. 1. Do you have a(n) _______? How long have you had it? 2. Do you own a(n)_______? How long have you owned it? Things How long Tony favorite book basketball for two years since he was 10 years old student1 Student2 【2012 黔西南 】He _______ his hometown for twenty years. He really misses it! A. has been away from B. left C. has left D. is away from 中考链接 【 解析 】 A 考查动词的时态。从“ for+ 一段时间”时间状语可知用现在完成时，因此，只能选择 A 或 C 选项；而 leave 是瞬间性动词，不能持续一段时间，所以要将 leave 变成 be away from ，故选 A 答案。 真题链接 ( ) 1. —Excuse me, where is Mr. Brown's office? —Sorry, I don't know. I _____ here for only a few days. A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work C ( ) 2. My grandmother ______ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. A ． sees B. can see C. will see D. has seen D ( ) 3. I _______ many new friends since I came here. A. make B. made C. will make D. have made D ( ) 4. My aunt is a writer. She _____ more than ten books since 1980 A. writes B. wrote C. has written D. will write C ( ) 5. I ______ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. A. didn’t hear from B. don’t hear from C. won’t hear from D. haven’t heard from D ( ) 6. Not only Jam but also his parents _______ a few interesting places since they came to China. A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited C ( ) 7. —Look at these stamps. I _____ them for five years. —Wow, they are wonderful. A. kept B. have kept C. have bought B ( ) 8. He _____ for ten years. A. has been married B. married C. got married D. has married A ( ) 9. My sister has learnt English _____. A. for twelve years ago B. since she was four C. twelve years ago D. at the age of four B ( ) 10. She _______ the book _______ two days ago. A. has borrowed; since B. has kept; since C. kept; for B Practice 用括号内词的正确形式填空。 The old man ________(live) here since 1992. _____ you _______(visit) our factory yet? I __________ (not see) you for a long time. You _____________(change) a lot. I’m afraid I __________(keep) you waiting for a long time. He __________(know) the city since he was very young. has lived Have visited haven’t seen have changed have kept has known 选用 for 和 since 填空 : 1.We haven’t seen each other ______ a long time. 2.His father has been in the Party ______ 10 years ago. 3.The film has been on ______ 20 minutes. for since for 4. Mr Green has worked here ______ he came to China. 5. His grandparents have been dead ______ several years. 6. It’s five years _______ we met last time. since for since 用 for 或 since 完成下列句子。 1. Jill is in Ireland now. She arrived there three days ago. She has been there for three days. 2. Jack is here. He arrived here on Tuesday. He has ______________________________.  3. I know Sue. I first met Sue two years ago. I’ve ___________________________________ ____________. been here since Tuesday known Sue since two years ago. / for two years 4. I have a camera. I bought it in 1989. _________________________________. 5. Dave plays the piano. He started when he was seven years old. __________________________________________________. I have had the camera since 1989 Dave has played the piano since he was seven years old 1. They have been here since 2000 . ( 对划线部分提问 ) ____________ have they been here? 2. The old man _________ last year. He __________ for a year. (die) （动词填空） 3. This factory opened twenty years ago. ( 同义句转换 ) This factory ______________ for twenty years. How long  died has been dead  has been open  按要求完成句子。 1. She _______ this book for nearly three weeks. A. has borrowed B. has lent C. has bought D. has kept 2. Ten years has passed ____ the CCTV event People Who Moved China took place in 2002. A. when B. while C. before D. since √ √ Exercises 1.I borrowed the library book two days ago. I _______ _______the library book________ two days. 2.The meeting started ten minutes ago. A. The meeting________ _________ _________ _________ten minutes ago. B. The meeting________ _________ ___________ ________ten minutes. have kept for has been on has been on since for 同义句 3.My brother joined the Party last year. A. My brother _________ _________ ________the Party since last year. B. My brother__________ ________ _______ party member since last year. 4.He left Nanjing two years ago. He_________ _________ ________ ________ Nanjing for two years. has been in has been a has been away from 5. That dog died last month. That dog_______ ________ ________since last month. 6. He has had the bike for two years. A. Two years______ _______since he ________the bike. B. It’s ______ __________since he_________ the bike. C. He _______the bike two years__________. has been dead has passed bought two years bought bought ago 1 、 They have been here since 2000 . ( 对划线部分提问 ) ________ _________ have they been here? 2 、 The old man _______ last year. (die / dead) He ______ _______ ______ for a year. (die / dead) （选词填空） 3 、 This factory opened twenty years ago.( 同义 句转换 ) This factory _____________ for twenty years. How long died has been open has been dead 4 、 Miss Gao left an hour ago. ( 同义句转换 ) Miss Gao _____ ____ _____ _____ an hour. 5 、 Her mother has been a Party member for three years . （同义句） Her mother _______ the Party three years ________ . has been away for joined ago 1 、你来晚了，电影已放了 10 分钟了。 A: You are late. The film for 10 minutes. B: You are late. It ten minutes since the film . C: You are late. The film 10 minutes . has been on is began / started began / started ago 瞬间 动词和 延续性 动词、状态句型转化练习 : Exercise 2 、我叔叔当兵已经有 2 年了。 A: My uncle ____ ______ ___ the army for 2 years. B: It ____ 2 years _____ my uncle joined the army. C: My uncle __________ the army 2 years ago. 3 、 Linda 已经感冒 4 、 5 天了。 A: Linda __________ a cold _____ 4 to 5 days. B: It _____4 to 5 days since Linda ________ a cold C: Linda __________ a cold 4 or 5 days _______ . has been in is since joined has had for is caught caught ago 4 、他爷爷去世已经有 5 年了。 A: His grandpa ____ ________ _____ for 5 years. B: It _____ 5 years since his grandpa ______. C: His grandpa ___________5 years _____ . 5 、你来晚了，火车已经开走了 20 分种了。 A: You’re late. The train ____ ______ ______ for 20 minutes. B: It ____ 20 minutes since the train ______. C: The train _____20 minutes ________ . has been dead is died died ago has been away is left left ago 改错 : How long have you become a league member ？ For more than one year. Have you arrived here since last night. Yes ， you ’ re right. The dog has died for a month. He has gone to Shanghai twice. How long have been at this school? Since two years . been been been dead been ago. For 1. 她成为一名护士已经三年了。 2. 我五年前就认识李雷了。 3. 那些相片我已经寄给他了。（ post ） 4. 我来到这个学校后，他就一直教我。 5. 我刚丢了我的历史书。 She has been a nurse for three years. I have known Lilei since five years ago. I have already posted the photos to him. He has taught me since I came to the school. I have just lost my history book. 二 翻译 改写句子 1.My father came back from the bookshop just now. My father ______ just ________ ______ the book shop. 2.He began to learn Chinese in 2001. He _____ _______ Chinese since 2001 . 3.The film began two minutes ago. The film _____ ______ ______ since two minutes ago . 4.He has had the motorbike for two years. It’s two years ______he ________ the motorbike. He ________ the motorbike two years ______. Two years ______ ______ since he ______ the motor bike. has returned from has learned has been on since bought bought ago has passed bought