VERBS
表示
________
的词叫做动词。
下面哪些词不是动词?
raise they written the be become remains shall myself will done can must burning second wonderful care for nothing
until dreamed
*动词和名词,代词一样,也有人称和数的变化。谓语动词的人称和数必须与主语的人称和数一致。
动作或状态
行为动词
/
实义动词
系动词
情态动词
助动词
按动词的功能划分
类别
特点
意义
举例
实义动词
(
vt
. vi.)
及物动词跟宾语
须跟宾语一起才能表达完整的意思
I have a book..
不及物动词不能直接接宾语
能独立作谓语
She always comes late.
系动词
(link-v)
跟表语
不能独立做谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构。
I am a student.
助动词
(aux. v.)
跟动词原形或分词(无词汇意义)
不能独立做谓语,跟主要动词构成谓语,表示疑问,否定及各种时态
He doesn’t speak Chinese.
I am watching TV.
情态动词
(mod. v.)
跟动词原形(有自己的词汇意思)
不能独立做谓语。表示说话人语气、情态,无人称和数的变化
We can do it by ourselves.
That would be better.
按动词功能分类
实义动词
在句中独立做谓语
1.
及物动词
vt
.
(
Transitive Verb
)
本身意义不完整,需要接宾语意义才完整
I like this book very much.
we call the bird Polly.
Please pass me the salt.
2.
不及物动词
vi.
(
Intransitive Verb
)
本身意义完整,无需接宾语
Horses run fast.
They work in a factory.
☞不及物动词
+
介词
=
及物动词
Look at the black board.
listen to me carefully.
*即可作
vt
.
又可作
Vi.
She can dance and
sing
. She can
sing
many English songs.
及物动词
or
不及物动词练习
He
arrived
at the bus stop.
He
got
to the bus stop.
He
reached
the bus stop.
They
listen
to the radio every morning.
We
watch
TV on Sunday.
不及物
vi
不及物
vi
及物
vt
不及物
vi
及物
vt
系动词
Link Verb
系动词,它本身有词义,但
不能单独用作谓语
,后边必须跟表语(通常为名词或形容词),构成系表结构说明主语的
状况、性质、特征
等情况。
1.be
动词
I am a girl
you are beautiful.
2.
感官动词
sound
听起来
Her voice sounds worried.
look
看上去
Your dress looks nice.
smell
闻起来
The river smells terrible.
feel
摸上去
This kind of cloth feels soft.
3.
状态保持或者改变
stay
保持
Stay young.
keep
保持
Keep quiet!
become
变得,
get
成为变得,
turn
变得,
4
、证明是,结果是
prove The rumor proved false.
turn out
His plan turned out a success.
系动词
本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语
连系动词练习题;
Peter’s mother _____an engineer.
The weather _______colder and colder.
The dish ______ good.
The story _________interesting.
The dish of yours ______delicious.
He ______to be very sad.
This kind of cloth _______very soft.
She _______rich within a short time.
is
turns
sounds
tastes
seems
feels
grew
smells
助动词
Auxiliary Verb
没有词义
,
不能单独作谓语
.
a.
要和主要动词一起构成各种时态
,
语态和语气
.
b.
帮助主要动词构成疑问式和否定式
.
助动词
本身无意义,不能单独做谓语
be
1) be +
现在分词
=
现在进行时
He is running.
2) be +
过去分词
=
被动语态
The baby was put in bed by his mother
2.
Have+done
=
过去完成时
I have finished my homework.
do
用于疑问、否定、倒装、加强语气,代替之前的动词
-Do you live in China? -Yes, I do.
He didn’t go to see the film last Sunday
I do love you!
Only then did I realize that.
4.will
和
shall(
仅第一人称
)
表示将来时
There will be more trees in one hundred years
I shall be fifteen years old next birthday.
助动词主要有
: be, do, have, shall
(
should
)
, will
(
would
)
助动词的几种形式
do /don’t
Does/ doesn’t
Did/ didn’t
will /won’t
have haven’t /has hasn’t/
had hadn’t
助动词
do
的用法
1
) 构成一般疑问句,例如:
Do
you want to pass the CET?
2
)
do + not
构成否定句,例如:
I
do not
want to be criticized.
3)
构成否定祈使句,例如:
Don‘t
be so absent-minded.
* 构成否定祈使句只用
do
,不用
did
和
does
。
助动词
do
的用法
4
) 放在动词原形前,加强该动词的语气
I
do
miss you.
5
) 用于倒装句,例如:
Never
did
I hear of such a thing.
说明: 引导此类倒装句的副词有
never, seldom, rarely, little, only, so, well
等
6
) 用作代动词,例如:
He knows how to drive a car,
doesn't
he?
助动词
have
的用法
1
)
have +
过去分词,构成完成时态,例如:
By the end of last month, they
had finished
half of their work.
2
)
have + been +
现在分词,构成完成进行时,例如:
I
have been studying
English for ten years.
3
)
have+been
+
过去分词,构成完成式被动语态,例如:
English
has been taught
in China for many years.
助动词
shall
和
will
的用法
shall
和
will
作为助动词可以与动词原形一起构成一般将来时,例如:
I
shall
study harder at English.
He
shall
come.
他必须来。
(
shall
有命令的意味。)
He
will
come.
他要来。
(
will
只与动词原形构成一般将来时。)
助动词
should, would
的用法
1
)
should - shall
的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称
I telephoned him yesterday to ask what I
should
do next week.
“What
shall
I do next week?”
I asked.
2
)
would- will
的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称
"I
will
go
," he said.
He said he
would
come
.
助动词练习题
They
are
playing
Pingpong
ball at Room 305.
The letter
was
last
received
on the morning of September 1.
We
have
already
finished
doing our housework.
Do
you
know
who he is?
I
do
work
harder than before.
I went to the concert yesterday. So
did
he.
They
will
leave
for USA next Friday.
4)
情态动词
表示说话人对某一动作或状态的态度
,
认为
“
可能
”
, “
应该
”
, “
必须
”
等
..
情态动词
表示说话人的态度,需要跟实义动词连用
1.
情态动词的特征
(
1
)有一定词义,但不能单独做谓语,必须和实义动词连用,构成谓语。
(
2
)无人称和数的变化
(
3
)后接动词原形
(
4
)具有助动词的作用,可用来构成否定句、疑问句及用于简明答语。
*常见的情态动词有
shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, need, must, may, dare,
等
情态动词的用法
can, could
1.
表示能力,意为“能,会”
-
Can
you play football?
你
会
打篮球吗?
-Yes, I
can
.
是的,我
会
。
-No, I
can’t
.
不,我
不会
。
2.
表示怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句中。
Li
Hua
can’t
be in the classroom.
李华
不可能
在教室里。
3. can
的过去式是
could,
表示过去的能力。
4.
以
can
开头的一般疑问句都用
can
来回答
以
could
开头的一般疑问句都用
could
来回答
自己看
may
1.
表示推测,意为“可能;也许”,用于肯定句中
He
may
come tomorrow.
明天他可能会来。
2.
表示请求、许可,意为“可能”
May
I borrow your book?
我可以借用你的书吗?
3.
表示祝福
May
you success!
祝你成功!
自己看
must
1.
表示“必须,应该”
2.
表示推测,“一定”(只能用于肯定句)
3.
在否定句中,表推测“不可能”应用
can’t
4.
否定句中,
mustn’t
表示禁止,“不允许”
例如:
I must go now.
You mustn’t play in the street.
Must I clean the room now?
No, you needn’t.
自己看
have to
have to
表示客观条件的限制的“不得不”,它有时态和人称变化,需要助动词来否定和疑问。
I don’t have to carry the big box.
He had to wash his clothes.
自己看
情态动词
非推测性用法
推测性用法
can/ could
表示能力许可
表示可能
may/ might
表示许可
表示可能
will/ would
表示意志
表示推测
should/ ought to
表示义务
表示必然
must
表示义务
表示必然
通过对话掌握情态动词
情态动词练习题
_______I use your dictionary?
The work ________be finished as soon as possible.
You ______study hard in English.
George _____speak several languages.
must
should
May
can
动词有五种基本形式
动词原形(
verb stem)
第
三人称
单数
(third person singular present tense form)
现
在
分词
(present participle)
过去式
(past tense form)
过
去
分词
(past participle)
动词的五种形式
原形
第三人称单数
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
work
Write
Have
do
自己填填看
动词的五种形式
原形
第三人称单数
过去式
过去分词
现在分词
work
works
worked
worked
working
Write
writes
wrote
written
writing
Have
has
had
had
having
do
does
did
done
doing
动词口诀
现在分词
的变法可概括为:
单词之后加
-ing
,有
e
先要砍它去,辅音
y
直接加,还有重读闭音节,字母双写好亲热。
liv
e
---liv
ing
,
study
ing
,sit
ting
过去式及过去分词可概括为
:
过去两种加
-ed
,
e
尾单词直接
-d
,辅音字母加
y
,
-ed
之前变
i
。
learn
ed
,stop
ped
; close
d
,
study---studied