Unit 5
What are the shirts made of?
Grammar & Writing
语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用“被”、“受”、“给”等被动词来表示被动意义 。
一般现在时的被动语态
Grammar
Is
it
made of
silver?
It
was made in
Thailand.
What
is
the model plane
made of
?
Where
is
tea
produced
in China?
How
is
it
grown
?
It
is planted
on the side of mountain.
They
are picked
by hand and then
are sent
for processing.
Read the sentences below, paying attention to the underlined parts.
Passive Voice
Many people
speak
English
.
主动句与被动句之间的转换
English
is spoken
by many people
.
主语 谓语动词主动语态 宾语
主语 谓语动词被动语态的过去分词 介词
+
宾语
People play football all over the world.
2. The old man on TV tells a story on Sunday.
3. Students listen to the kind teacher carefully.
Football is played by people
all over the world .
A story is told by the old man on TV on Sunday.
The kind teacher is listened to by students carefully.
把下列主动句变为被动句。
一般现在时的被动语态结构式：
（
1
）肯定句：主语
+ am / is / are +
动词的过去分词
+(by+
人称代词宾格
)+
其他
eg
：
English is studied (by us) every day.
（
2
）否定句：主语
+ am / is / are + not +
动词的过去分词
+(by+
人称代词宾格
)+
其他
eg
：
English is not studied (by us) every day.
（
3
）疑问句：
Be(am/is/are)+
主语
+
动词的过去分词
+
（
by+
人称代词宾格）
+
其他？
eg
：
Is English not studied (by us) every day?
（
4
）特殊疑问句：
What/Where/When+ am / is / are +
主语
+
动词的过去分词
+
其他
?
eg:Where was this book bought?
Do you water your flowers every day?(
变为被动句
)
Trees and flowers are planted every year to make our country more beautiful. (
变为疑问句
)
Are your flowers watered by you every day?
Are trees and flowers planted every year to make our country more beautiful
？
按要求改写下列句子。
3. This English song is sung by the girls
after class
.
① 改为否定句
②改为一般疑问句，并做肯定和否定回答
③对
画
线
部分
提问
This English song is not sung by the girls after class.
Is this English song sung by the girls after class?
When is this English song sung by the girls?
被动语态的运用
:
（
1
） 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没
有必要知道谁是动作的执行者时。
The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.
这座房子太旧了，它是
1950
年建的。
When will the road be opened to traffic?
这条路什么时候通车
?
（
2
） 需要强调动作的对象即宾语时。
Calculator can't be used in the math exam.
计算器不能用于数学考试。
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
他在比赛中获得了第一。
有时为了礼貌等原因不愿说出行为者
,
这时也常用被动语态。
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month.
新实验室必须在下个月底前完工。
You are requested to give a performance.
请你给我们表演一个节目。
（
3
）
主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项：
含有双宾语，即直接宾语
(
常指事物
)
和间接宾语
(
常指人
)
的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。
Jack told us the truth.
We were told the truth by Jack.
The truth was told (to) us by Jack.
He passes me the football. (改成被动语态)
I _____ ______ the football by him.
The football ______ ______ ______ me by him.
am
passed
is
passed
to
假如你是韩梅，远在美国的笔友Linda给你写信了！信中，Linda向你了解中国有什么著名小吃。请根据表格提示给Linda回信。
民间小吃
糖葫芦
原料
山楂
(haw
thorn
)
，有些地方的糖葫芦用草
莓（strawberry)
、葡萄
（grape)
、甚至小苹果等制成
历史渊源
据说，宋代
(the Song Dynasty)
一
位皇帝的妻子曾因吃了糖葫芦治好了病，因此流传 下来
象征
幸福和团圆
Writing
Dear Linda，
You asked me what famous snacks there were in my country. Well, ________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Are you looking forward to eating it? Come to my country, and I’ll treat you to
tanghulu
.
Yours,
Han Mei
要求：
1.
短文应包含表格中的内容，但是不能逐条翻译
,
可适当增加 细节，以使短文连贯、自然
；
2.
词数
80
左右。（文章
开
头和结尾已经给出
，
不计
入
总词数
）
这是一篇表格提示作文，时态以一般现在时和一般过去时为主，描述冰糖葫芦会用到被动语态结构。根据提示可考虑采用下面的模板。
著名小吃
概括介绍
具体描述
总结评价
It was so delicious and healthy that…
It is now seen as the bright symbols of…
One of the most famous snacks is…
Each different part of China has…
It is usually made of…
But there are more materials…
It is said that…
Dear Linda,
You asked me what famous snacks there were in my country.
Well, in my country, one of the most famous snacks is
tanghu
l
u
.
①
Each
different part of China
has
different
tanghulu
②
. It is usually made of haw
thorn
s, which are put together on a stick and covered with ice sugar. But there are more materials for
tanghulu
today in some places, such as strawberries, grapes，and even little apples.
范文
It is said that
③
tanghulu
ever saved the life of an emperor’s wife in the Song Dynasty. It was so delicious and healthy that many Chinese people like eating it.
It is now seen as the bright symbols of happiness and reunion.
④
Are you looking forward to eating it? Come to my country, and I’ll treat you to
tanghulu
.
Yours,
Han Mei
点评：
①
Well, in my country, one of the most famous
snacks is
tanghu
l
u
.
开门见山，直接入题，向朋友介绍中国的著名小吃。
②
Each
different part of China
has
different
tanghulu
.
两个different使用准确，为下文介绍不同种类糖葫芦做铺垫。
③
It is said that…
用It is said that 句型介绍小吃的历史渊源，
增加了浓浓的传奇色彩。
④
It is now seen as the bright symbols of
happiness and reunion.
语言精练，点出了小吃的文化内涵。
Homework
Write an article about at least one
special thing in your town/city;
no less than 80 words.
Thank you !
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