外研版
高一年级
(
必修
2)
Module 3
Grammar
Grammar
I.
时间状语从句
II.
过去完成时
时间状语从句
when, while, as, before, after, until/till, since, ever since, whenever, as soon as, no sooner… than,
hardly / scarcely… when
等
1).
常见的连接时间状语从句的连接词有
:
When
还有意义为‘这时’，
(at this time)‘
那时’
(at that time)
常用于下列句型：
Somebody was doing something when……
某人正在做
……
突然
……
When
Somebody was about to do something when…….
某人正要做
……
突然
……
Somebody had just done something when……
某人刚刚干了
……
这时
……
1. I was reading English when my teacher came in.
2. I was about to talk in the classroom when the teacher came in.
3. I had just made the mistake when the teacher came in .
分析：
while
引导的从句表示“在
……
过程中”，强调某一段时间内主句和从句的动作在同一时期发生。从句的动作表示较长时间，因此常用延续性动词。
While
观察：
While they were doing homework, someone broke into the house.
While he was still a teenager, he was a big star.
She is tall while I am short.
While
表示强烈的对比关系，可译成“然而”
While I was studying English, he was playing football.
强调两个动作同时进行
两种情况一起发展变化
as
试观察：
1) As they were picking tea, the girls were singing happily.
2) As he grew older, he found it difficult to compose good music.
分析：
as
引导的从句表示“当
……
时；一边
……
一边
……”
，主句和从句的动作同时发生，强调伴随。有时可译为“随着”。
1.
他从学校回来时，他妈妈正在烧饭。
2.
他在看书时，他的妻子一直在烧饭。
3.
他一边烧饭一边唱歌。
4.
我们正要动身，这时天突然下雨了。
5.
你喜欢踢足球而我喜欢弹钢琴。
6.
随着时间的推移，我们都渐渐长大了。
Translate these sentences into English
Possible answers:
1. When he returned, his mother was cooking.
2. While he was reading, his wife was cooking.
3. As he cooked, he sang.
4. We were about to start when it began to rain.
5. you like playing football while I like playing the piano.
6. As time went by, we all grew up.
2).
时间状语从句可以转换成分词短语。如
:
＊
Boys need to develop their bodies fully
before they attempt such difficult exercise.
Boys need to develop their bodies fully
before attempting such
difficult exercise.
＊
After he worked there for 30
years
, Haydn moved to London.
Note:
时间状语从句转换成分词短语时
,
时
间状语从句的主语和主句主语必须
一致才可以。
Having worked there for 30 years
,
Haydn moved to London.
过去完成时
过去完成时的构成
:
“
助动词
had+
过去分词”
The public wondered why the president
hadn’t attended
the top conference.
2.
过去完成时的用法
:
1).
过去完成时主要用来表明在某个时间或动作之前已经发生的动作
,
它表示时间是“
过去的过去
”。如
:
The patient
had died
when the doctor
arrived.
Up until then they
had
just
finished
half the work.
He
had
pressed
the button before we
could stop him.
When I
had
finished
my everyday
work, I did some gardening.
2).
如果发生的动作很短暂
,
或两个动作紧接着发生
,
则常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。尤其是在含有
before, after,
as
soon
as
的复合句中
,
因为它们本身的词义就可以表示出先后顺序。如
:
Just
before
I
left
New York, I
sent
an e-mail to Mr White, my teacher in the university.
3).
过去完成时还可以表示未能实现的希望、愿望等
,
常用的动词有
except,
hope, mean, suppose, think
等。如
:
I
had
hoped
to send him a telegram to congratulate him on his marriage, but didn’t manage it.
Mother
had
expected
me to come to her birthday party, but I really had a lot of important work to do.
When he got
home from work, he was very tired. He
opened
the door,
turned
on the light,
washed
his face and
went
to bed without taking off his clothes.
Note:
1.
当动作紧接着发生
,
次序明显时
,
只需
用一般过去时。
2.
与某个时间段或时间点连用时
,
一般过去时
表示动作在这个时间发生
,
而
过去完成时
表示动作在这个时间之前就已经完成。如
:
He
learned
Russian during his stay in Russia.
He
had already learned
Russian during his stay in Russia.
3.
在间接引语中，与过去完成时连用的时间状语从句常用一般过去时代替过去完成时。如：
He told me somebody
had
phoned
when I
was
out.
John said the film
had been
on five minutes when he
got
to the cinema.
语法练习
汉译英：
我把刚买的书丢了。
I lost the book I had just bought.
2.
我到达汽车站的时候
,
车已经开走了。
The bus had gone when I arrived at the bus stop.
3. Tom
本来想去拜访他的奶奶
,
但是天气不好使他改变了主义。
Tom had thought of visiting his grandmother, but the bad weather made him change his mind.
4. ---Jack
昨天为什么没去参加会议
? ---
他去北京了。
--- Why didn’t Jack attend the
meeting yesterday? --- He has gone to Beijing.
5.
最后
Mary
被北京大学录取了
,
为此她尝试了五次。
Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University, for which she had tried five times.
He said that he ________ (see) you before.
had seen
By last year they _________ ( learn ) 2,000 words.
had learnt
1.
他说他以前见过你。
2.
到去年为止他们已经学了
2000
个单词了。
3.
到了六点钟为止，他们已经工作了八小时了。
By six o’clock
they __________(work) for eight hours.
4.
我到广州时，他在那里很长时间了。
When I
came
to GZ , he ________ (be) there for a long time.
had worked
had been
had lived
5.
到上个月中旬我们在北京住了有五年时间了。
By the middle of
last month
we ________(live) in Beijing for five years.
6.
她到家之前她的孩子已经睡着了。
When she
got home
her children ________ (sleep).
had slept
7.
在他们到达之前电影已经开始了。
Before they
arrived
here the film ___ already ______ (start).
had
started
1. I went to Tom’s house but he ________ (go) out.
2. Annie told me that his father ________ ( go ) to Paris and he __________ ( come ) back in a few days.
3. My friend ______ (buy) the car two years ago. He _______ (buy) it for two years.
had gone
had gone
would come
bought
has had
1. Nancy enjoyed herself so much _____ she visited her friends in Sydney last year.
that B. which
C. when D. where
2. I used to love that film _____ I was a child, but I don’t feel it that way any more.
once B. when
C. since D. although
高考链接
3. She had just finished her homework _____ her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
when B. while
C. after D. since
4. _____ the Internet is of great help, I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much time on it.
A. If B. While C. Because D. As
5. —Are you ready for Spain
？
—Yes, I want the girls to experience that _____ they are young.
while B. until
C. if D. before
6. You can’t borrow books from the school library ____ you get your student card.
before B. if
C. while D. as
7. It just isn’t fair _____ I was working as a waiter last month, my friends were lying on the beach.
A. whenever B. though
C. for D. while
8. _____ time went by, Einstein’s theory proved to be correct.
With B. As
C. Since D. While
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