2018人教版高中英语必修1Unit 4 Earthquakes Part 1.ppt

Unit 4　Earthquakes 主题语境 · 导入 地震可能会带来很大的伤亡 , 但是如果在平时你能做好准备 , 你幸存下来的机会会大大增加。那么我们需要做好哪些准备呢 ? Here are some tips to help you increase the chances of surviving. Make a home earthquake plan.Find a safe place in every room,such as a desk or a table,where you can find cover in an earthquake.For two-floor homes,get a proper-sized ladder to get out through a window if the stairs are damaged. Decide where your family will re-meet if you are separated.Decide on an out-of-town relative for family members to get in touch with. Attach things such as tall furniture and water heaters to the wall so that they will not be knocked over during an earthquake. Prepare an emergency kit for your home and a car that has food,water,clothing,flashlights,a radio and a first-aid kit in it. Know what to do when an earthquake starts.Drop,cover and hold on.Only move a few steps to a safe place for cover and stay there until the shaking stops.If you are in a car,slow down and drive to somewhere away from trees and power lines.Stay in your car until the shaking stops. Practice for the real thing to help keep a clear head when a real earthquake happens. 短文注释 : 1.attach vt. 把 …… 固定 ; 连接 ( 常和 to 连用 ) 2.kit n. 成套工具 3.first-aid adj. 急救 ( 用 ) 的 4.get in touch with sb. 与某人取得联系 5.keep a clear head 保持清醒的头脑 6.Decide on an out-of-town relative for family members to get in touch with. 选定一位居住城外的 , 可供家人联系的亲戚。 句中 for family members to get in touch with 是不定式复合结构作 定语 , 修饰 relative 。 阅读短文 , 回答问题 : 1.How many tips does the passage offer us?   . . 2.Why do we practice for the real thing in our daily life?   . . 答案: 1.Six. 2.To help keep a clear head when a real earthquake happens. Part 1 　 Warming Up,Pre-reading,Reading and Comprehending 语言知识 预习 核心知识 探究 备用讲义 Ⅰ. 核心单词 1.e n. 地震 2. n. 井  3. n. 管 ; 导管 4. vi. 爆裂 ; 爆发 n. 突然破裂 ; 爆发 5. n. 百万 6. n. 事件 ; 大事 7. n. 民族 ; 国家 ; 国民→ adj. 国家的 ; 民族的 → n. 国 籍 . 8. n. 运河 ; 水道 语言知识 · 预习 arthquake well pipe burst million event nation nationality canal national 9. n. 蒸汽 ; 水汽 10. n. 污垢 ; 泥土→ adj. 脏的 . 11. n. 废墟 ; 毁灭 vt. 毁灭 ; 使破产 12.s n. 苦难 ; 痛苦 → vi. 受苦 . 13.e adj. 极度的→ adv. 非常 ; 极度 . 14.i vt. 损害 ; 伤害→ n. 伤害 ; 损害 →adj. 受伤的 .  15.d vt. 破坏 ; 毁坏 ; 消灭 16. n. 砖 ; 砖块 17. n. 水坝 ; 堰堤 18. n. 轨道 ; 足迹 ; 痕迹 19.u adj. 无用的 ; 无效的 ; 无益的→ adj. 有用的 . steam dirt dirty ruin uffering suffer xtreme extremely njure injured estroy brick dam track seless useful injury 20.s vt.& vi. ( 使 ) 震惊 ; 震动 n. 休克 ; 打击 ; 震惊→ adj. 震惊的 . →adj. 令人震惊的 . 21.r n.&vt. 援救 ; 营救 22. vt. 使陷入困境 n. 陷阱 ; 困境 23.e n. 电 ; 电流 ; 电学→ adj. 用电的 , 发电的 →adj. 电子的 ; 电子操纵的 . 　 24.d n. 灾难 ; 灾祸 25. vt. 埋葬 ; 掩埋 ; 隐藏 26. n. 矿 ; 矿山 ; 矿井→ n. 矿工 . 27.s n. 掩蔽 ; 掩蔽处 ; 避身处 28. n. 标题 ; 头衔 ; 资格 29.r n. 记者→ vt. 报告 . hock shocked shocking escue trap lectricity electrical electronic isaster bury mine miner helter title eporter report Ⅱ. 重点短语 1.right 立刻 ; 马上 2.as 仿佛 ; 好像 3. an end 结束 ; 终结 4. ruins 严重受损 ; 破败不堪 5.dig 掘出 ; 发现 6.a (great) number 许多 ; 大量的 away if at in out of 巧记单词 合成词 earthquake → earth+quake 派生词 suffering → suffer( 动词 )+-ing useless → use( 名词 )+-less Ⅲ. 课文预习 阅读 P 26 的课文 , 从各题所给的四个选项中 , 选出最佳选项。 1.How many signs are given that suggest an earthquake would happen in the first paragraph? A.Eight. B.Nine. C.Six. D.Ten. 2.What was the result of the earthquake? A.Luckily,the city’s hospitals survived. B.All of the city’s factories were gone. C.Most of the city’s homes were gone. D.The wind could blow the bricks on the ground away. 答案 : 1.B 　 2.C 3.Who played the most important part in helping the people in the earthquake? A.The soldiers and the rescue workers. B.The college students. C.The miners in the coal mines. D.The injured and the dead. 答案 : 3.A 核心知识 · 探究 Pre-reading 1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away. 想象你的房子开始摇晃 , 你必须立刻离开。 (P 25 ) ◆ right away 立刻 ; 马上 He didn’t answer my question right away. 他没有马上回答我的问题。 You don’t look well.You’d better go and see a doctor right away. 你脸色不好 , 最好赶紧去看看医生吧。 归纳拓展 表示 “ 立刻 , 马上 ” 的单词或短语还有 : at once immediately in no time 【 即学即用 】 语法填空 ① The manager insisted that the secretary send out the file right 　　　　 .  ②My grandma is ill and we should call in the doctor 　　 no time.  答案 : ①away 　② in 2.In the city,the water pipes in some buildings cracked and burst. 　 在市内 , 有些建筑物里的水管爆裂开来。 (P 26 ) ◆ burst vi. 爆裂 ; 爆发 n. 突然破裂 ; 爆发 Water pipes in the open air are easy to burst in winter. 冬天 , 在户外的水管容易冻裂。 He looked as if he was about to burst into tears. 他看上去马上就会泪流满面。 The whole class burst out laughing. 全班的人都突然笑了起来。 归纳拓展 burst in/into 闯进 burst into tears/laughter 突然大哭 / 大笑起来 burst out crying/laughing 突然哭泣 / 大笑起来 burst with anger/grief/joy 勃然大怒 / 悲痛欲绝 / 乐不可支 【 即学即用 】 语法填空 ① She burst into 　　　　 (tear) the moment she got the sad news.  ②Everyone was quiet when Jenny suddenly burst out 　　　　 (cry).  ③I burst into 　　　　 (laugh) at the sight of the funny actor.  答案 : ①tears 　② crying 　③ laughter 【 巧学助记 】 3.But the one million people of the city,who thought little of these events,were asleep as usual that night. 但是 , 唐山市的一百万居民几乎都没有把这些情况当一回事 , 当天晚上照 常睡着了。 (P 26 ) ◆ event n. 事件 ; 大事 ;( 运动 ) 赛事 They are talking about the important events of 2017. 他们正在谈论 2017 年的重大事件。 The next event will be the 100-metre race. 下一个比赛项目是 100 米赛跑。 The birth of a lovely and healthy baby is a truly happy event. 一个健康可爱的婴儿的出生真是一件高兴的事。 She was killed in a car accident. 她在一次车祸中丧生。 【 词语辨析 】 event 与 accident event 指发生的事情、事件 , 尤其指重大的、值得注意的事件。 accident 指偶然发生的事件或意外事故。 答案 : ①a great event 　② Which events 【 即学即用 】 完成句子 ①赢得这次奖学金是这个男孩一生中的一件大事。 Winning the scholarship was 　　　　　　　　　　 in the boy’s life.  ② 你参加了哪些比赛项目 ? 　 　　　　　　　 have you entered?  4.It seemed as if the world was at an end! 仿佛到了世界末日 !(P 26 ) (1) as if 是连词词组 , 意为“好像 ; 似乎 ; 仿佛” , 相当于 as though 。 The woman loves the children as if she were their mother. 这位 女士爱这些孩子 , 好像她就是他们的妈妈一样。 ( 与现在事实相反 ) He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过那里似的。 ( 与过去事实相反 ) It looks as if it might rain. 看来好像要下雨了。 ( 与将来事实相反 ) 归纳拓展 as if 的用法 用在 seem,look 等系动词之后引导表语从句 , 也可引导方式状语从句。 as if 引导从句有时可用虚拟语气 从句表达的情况与过去事实相反时 , 从句谓语要用过去完成时。 从句表达的情况与现在事实相反时 , 从句谓语要用一般过去时 ,be 动词一般为 were 。 从句表达的情况与将来事实相反时 , 从句谓语用 would/should/could/might do 。 引导的从句表达的是客观事实 , 则从句要用陈述语气。 as if 也可与动词不定式连用 , 意为 “ 似乎要做某事 ” 。 (2) at an end 结束 , 终结 My holiday is at an end and I must go back to work tomorrow. 我的 假期结束了 , 明天我得回去工作了。 Everything between them was at an end. 他们间的一切都结束了。 归纳拓展 at the end of 既可作时间状语也可作地点状语 , 表示 “ 在 …… 末 , 在 …… 的尽头 ” by the end of 用作时间状语 , 表示 “ 到 …… 末为止 ; 不迟于 ……” , 强调最后时限 , 常和完成时态连用 in the end 用作时间状语 , 表示 “ 最后 ; 终于 ” , 不可与 of 连用 come to an end “ 结束 ” , 为动词短语 bring/put sth.to an end ( 使 ) 结束 ; 终结 答案 : ①in 　② by 　③ at 　④ at 【 即学即用 】 介词填空 ① Everything will be all right 　　　　 the end.  ②We will have learned English for 5 years 　　　　 the end of this year.  ③My brother waited for me 　　　　 the end of the street.  ④He rose to show that the conversation was 　　　　 an end.  5.In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的 15 秒内 , 一座大城市就沦为废墟。 (P 26 ) ◆ ruin n. 废墟 ; 毁灭 vt. 毁灭 ; 使破产 An earthquake left the whole city in ruins. 地震使整个城市成了废墟。 The heavy rain completely ruined our holiday. 大雨把我们的假期彻底毁了。 Years of fighting have left the area in ruins. 连年的战争使这一地区破败不堪。 归纳拓展 be/lie in ruins 成为废墟 fall into ruin 成为废墟 【 词语辨析 】 destroy,damage 与 ruin ruin 一般指对物体或生命彻底的破坏 , 但往往是非暴力的 , 也不是一次打击的结果。常指对美好的或希望中的事物的破坏。 destroy 指彻底的损坏 , 常含不能或很难修复的意思。可接人 , 也可以接物。 damage 损坏、毁坏 , 指部分损坏、降低某物的价值 , 还可以修复。 The building was completely destroyed by fire. 这栋建筑物被火彻底毁了。 My car was badly damaged,but luckily the kids were not seriously hurt. 我的车受损严重 , 但庆幸的是孩子们伤得并不重。 Roads and bridges have been destroyed and crops ruined. 道路和桥梁都被破坏了 , 农作物也全毁了。 答案 : ①damaged 　② ruined 　③ destroyed 【 即学即用 】 选词填空 :ruin,destroy,damage ①Her heart was slightly 　　 　　 as a result of her long illness.  ②His life was 　　　　 by drink.  ③The earthquake almost 　　　　 all the bridges in this area.  6.Two-thirds of them died or were injured during the earthquake. 三分之二的人在地震中死去或受伤。 (P 26 ) ◆ injure vt. 损害 ; 伤害 He can’t play today,because he’s injured his knee. 他弄伤了膝盖 , 因此今天不能上场。 She was badly injured in the accident. 她在那次事故中受了重伤。 归纳拓展 injury n. 损害 ; 伤害 do an injury to sb.=do sb.an injury 伤害某人 injured adj. 受伤的 the injured 受伤者 ; 伤员 【 词语辨析 】 wound,injure,hurt 与 harm 指外伤 , 如枪伤、刀伤、剑伤 , 尤指在战斗中受伤。 “ 损害 ; 受伤 ” , 指由于意外或事故而受伤 , 着重指容貌、机能的损坏。 指肉体上 , 也可指精神上的伤害。也可为 “ 疼痛 ; 痛苦 ; 伤心 ” 。 指身体或精神上的损害或对周围事物的危害。常用短语 do harm to 意为 “ 对 …… 有害 ” 。 The driver of a bus was wounded by a knife. 一辆大巴的司机被刀子割伤。 A number of bombs have exploded,seriously injuring at least five people. 数个炸弹爆炸 , 造成至少 5 人重伤。 I’m sorry,I didn’t mean to hurt you. 对不起 , 我不是故意伤害你的。 He would never harm anybody. 他永远不会伤害任何人。 答案 : ①wounded 　② injured 　③ hurt 　④ harm 【 即学即用 】 选词填空 :injure,wound,hurt,harm ①The soldier was 　　　　 in the arm in the war.  ②She was slightly 　　　　 in an accident during the work.  ③I was very much 　　　　 at his words.  ④This bright light will do great 　　　　 to your eyes.  7.People were shocked. 人们惊呆了。 (P 26 ) ◆ shock vt.& vi. ( 使 ) 震惊 ; 震动 n. 休克 ; 打击 ; 震惊 They were deeply shocked at/by her behavior. 她的行为让他们深感震惊。 I was shocked to hear the news that he had been fired. 听到他被辞退的消息我感到很震惊。 归纳拓展 be shocked at/by(doing)sth. 对 ( 做 ) 某事感到震惊 be shocked to do sth. 因做某事而震惊 It shocked sb.to see/hear... 看到 / 听到 …… 使某人震惊 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 shocked adj. 震惊的 ; 惊讶的 答案 : ①was shocked to;was shocked at/by;It shocked ②shocked;shocking;shocked 【 即学即用 】 完成句子 ①他的母亲听到这个消息感到震惊。 His mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　 hear the news.  =His mother 　　　　　　　　　　　　 the news.  = 　　　　　　　　 his mother to hear the news.  语法填空 ② We are 　　　　 to learn that a traffic police officer was nearly killed by a drunken driver.And the 　　 　　 scene 　　　　 three taxi drivers nearby,who saved the officer bravely.(shock)  8.Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins. 有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。 (P 26 ) (1) rescue n.&vt. 援救 ; 营救 Rescue workers arrived at the scene two hours later. 救援人员两个小时后到达现场。 The firemen rescued five children from the burning house yesterday. 昨天消防队员从着火的房子里营救出了五个孩子。 I didn’t know anybody at the party,but the hostess came to my rescue by introducing me to a few people. 在聚会上我谁也不认识 , 但女主人过来救了我的驾 , 把我介绍给几个客人。 归纳拓展 go/come to one ’ s rescue 去 / 来援救某人 rescue...from... 把 …… 从 …… 救出来 (2) trap n. 陷阱 ; 困境 vt. 使陷入困境 The fox got its foot caught in a trap. 狐狸的一只脚被夹子夹住了。 Having been trapped in traffic,he was late for work. 因为遇到交通阻塞 , 他上班迟到了。 归纳 拓展 trap sb.into (doing)... 诱使某人 ( 做 ) …… be trapped in... 被困在 …… 中 答案 : ①to rescue those women/to go to those women’s rescue 　② rescued;from the building ③trapped;into buying 【 即学即用 】 完成句子 ①他们已决定去救那些妇女。 They have decided 　 .  ② 他从楼里把男孩救了出来。 He 　　　　 the boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　 .  ③ 她诱骗这位老人买了这些药。 She 　　　　 the old man 　　　　　　　　 the medicine.  9.All hope was not lost. 不是所有的希望都破灭了。 (P 26 ) 该句为不完全否定。 all...not/not...all 等表示部分否定 , 其意思是“并非所有的 …… 都 ……” 。 温馨提示 : ① all,both,each,every 等具有总括意义的词语与否定词连用 , 构成部分否定。 I don ’ t want both the books. 我不是两本书都要。 Not every book is good. =Every book is not good. 不是每本书都好。 ②三者或三者以上的全部否定用 none of 。 None of us like talking with the man. 我们中没有人喜欢和这个人说话。 ③二者的全部否定为 : “ neither of... ” 。 Neither of the boys is rude to us. 这两个男孩对我们都不粗鲁。 【 即学即用 】 翻译句子 ①并非每个人都诚实。   . ②这些答案都不对。   . 答案 : ①Not every man is honest./Every man is not honest. 　② None of the answers is right. 10.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead. 部队人员组成小分队 , 将受困的人们挖出来 , 将死者掩埋。 (P 26 ) ◆ bury vt. 埋葬 ; 掩埋 ; 隐藏 Whenever he is free,he will bury himself in a book. 他一有空就埋头看书。 We needed to bury the dead bodies as quickly as possible to stop disease spreading. 我们需要尽快将尸体掩埋 , 以防疾病扩散。 The envelope was buried in some papers on my desk. 那个信封被我桌子上的一些文件盖住了。 As you know,I’m still buried in books at the school you are so familiar with. 如你所知 , 我还在你所熟悉的那所学校埋头读书。 归纳拓展 bury sth.in... 把 …… 埋到 …… 里 be buried in thought 陷入沉思 be buried in/bury oneself in 埋头于 ; 专心于 ; 沉浸于 【 巧学助记 】 【 即学即用 】 完成句子 ①他每天晚上都专心读书。 In the evenings he 　　　　　　　　　　　　 his books.  ② 他们的房子被大雪掩埋了。 Their house 　　　　　　　　　　　　 a heavy snow.  ③ 专心于读书 , 他没注意到我进入房间。 　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 ,he didn’t notice me enter the room.  答案 : ①buries himself in/is buried in 　② was buried by 　③ Buried in his book/Burying himself in his book 长难句分析 1.In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 农家大院里的鸡 , 甚至猪都紧张得不想进食。 本句是一个简单句。其中 too nervous to eat 意为 : 太紧张而不能吃东 西 , 表示否定意义。此用法的基本结构是 :too+adj./adv.+to do, 表示 “太 …… 而不能 ……” 。 2.Thousands of families were killed and many children were left without parents. 成千上万个家庭遇难 , 许多孩子变成了孤儿。 本句是并列句。其中 ...were left without parents 是一个被动结构 , 其主动结构是 :left many children without parents, 即“ leave+ 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构。 备用讲义 Reading 1.The suffering of the people was extreme.(P 26 ) ◆ extreme adj. 极度的 extremely adv. 极端地 , 极为 , 非常 He lives in a state of extreme poverty. 他生活在极度穷困中。 It was an extremely difficult and dangerous task. 这是一项极度困难和危险的任务。 2.Everywhere they looked nearly everything was destroyed.(P 26 ) ◆ destroy vt. 破坏 ; 毁坏 ; 消灭 destruction n. 破坏 , 毁灭 If the tree falls that way,it will destroy the house. 如果这棵树那样倒的话就会把那所房子压坏。 It will cause pollution and the destruction of our seas and oceans. 这会引起污染 , 破坏我们的海洋。 3.The railway tracks were now useless pieces of steel.(P 26 ) ◆ useless adj. 无用的 ; 无效的 ; 无益的 She found it useless to argue with them. 她发现和他们争论没用。 It’s useless worrying/to worry about it. 为这件事担心无济于事。 拓展 : It’s useless doing/to do sth. =It’s no use (in) doing sth. 做某事是没用的 useful adj. 有用的 ; 有益的 usefully adv. 有益地 4.The army organized teams to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.(P 26 ) ◆ dig out 掘出 ; 发现 We had to dig the car out of a snow drift. 我们必须把汽车从雪堆里挖出来。 It is believed that the truth of MH370 is to be dug out. 人们相信 MH370 的真相会被发现的。 Comprehending Such a great number of people died because the quake happened while they were sleeping. 那么多的人丧生是因为地震发生在他们睡觉的时候。 (P 27 ) ◆ a (great) number of 许多 ; 大量的 A number of students enjoy listening to music. 许多学生喜欢听音乐。 The number of pages in this book is two hundred. 这本书的页数是二百。 点击进入 课时训练 谢谢观赏！