复合不定代词的用法
一、用法说明:
这类不定代词有
everything(
一切事,最重要的事
), everyone =everybody (
每个人,所有人
); something(
某事,重要的人或事物
), someone =somebody(
某
/
有人,重要的人
); anything(
什么事物,任何事物,无论什么事物
), anyone =anybody(
任何人,无论谁,重要的人
); nothing(
没有东西,什么也没有,不重要的人或事
)no one=nobody(
没有人,不重要的人
)
等。它们还与别有词构成很多习语,如
for nothing(
徒劳,免费
)
,
nothing but(
仅仅,只不过
)
,
It’s nothing. (
不用谢,不必在意
)
,
anybody else(
别人
)
等等。如:别人
1. —Is ________ here? —No, Bob and Tim have asked for leave. (
全国卷
)A. anybody B. somebody C. everybody D. nobody
【分析】答案选
C
。由答语可知问的是“到齐了吗?”所以用
everybody
。请比较:
Is anybody here?
这里有人吗?(房间里有人没?)
2. —One week’s time has been wasted. —I can’t believe we did all that work for ________. (
重庆卷
)A. something B. nothingC. everything D. anything
【分析】答案选
B
。
for nothing
是习语,意为“徒劳,没有好结果”“免费”。
二、考点注意使用时,还需注意以下
7
点:
①
作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
②
代替与
-thing
构成的复合不定代词,用
it
;代替与
-body, -one
构成的复合不定代词,一般用
they
,在正式文体中可用
he
。如:
Everyone knows what they have / he has to do, don’t they / doesn’t he?
每个人都知道他必须做什么,不是吗?每个人都知道他必须做什么,不是吗?
③
修饰它们的形容词或不定式一定要位于它们的后面,如:
This is something special.
这是种特别的东西。
Haven’t you got anything to do?
你无事可干吗?
④
除与
-thing
构成的复合不定代词外,都有所有格形式;当其后有
else
时,’
s
要加在
else
后面。如:
Grammar isn’t everybody’s idea of fun.
语法不是每个人都认为兴趣的。
That must be somebody else’s coat; it isn’t mine.
那一定是别人的外衣,不是我的。
⑤everyone = everybody, anyone = anybody,
只指人,不能与
of
短语连用;
every one, any one
可指人也可指物,一定要与
of
连用才可以。如:
Is anybody here?
有人吗?
You can take any one of these.
你可以随便拿一个。
⑥
与
some-
,
any-
构成的复合不定代词的用法与
some, any
的用法相同。与
any-
构成的复合不定代词一般用于否定句或疑问句中,
not…any-
构成完全否定,但没有
any-…not
的说法;与
some-
构成的复合不定代词用于肯定句、预料作肯定回答的疑问句、建议或请求的疑问句中。
something
某事,一般用于肯定句。
⑦
与
no-
构成的复合不定代词本身就是否定意义,所以一定要与肯定的动词连用。
not
与由
every-
构成的复合不定代词是部分否定。
如:
1. She doesn’t know anyone here. She has got ________ to talk to.(
广东卷
) A. anyone B. someoneC. everyone D. no one
【分析】答案选
D
。
no one = nobody = not…any one
没有一个人。由前句句意可知她在这一个人都不认识,所以她找不到人可以说话。
2. I agree with most of what you said, but I don’t agree with ________. (
全国卷
)A. everything B. anything C. something D. nothing
【分析】答案选
A
。句意为:我赞同你说的大部分话,但是我不同意 ⸏ 。
not…everything
是否定,意为“我并非同意你讲的一切”,与前一分句意思相符。而
not…anything=nothing
,意为“我没有什么反对的”,与前一分句意思矛盾。所以选
A
。
3. I will never know what was on his mind at the time, nor will ________. (
江苏卷
)A. anyone B. anyone elseC. no one D. no one else
【分析】答案选
B
。句意为:我不知道他当时怎么想的,
________.nor
表示后者与前者“一样不
…”
,
nor
本身是否定的,所以后面要用肯定的,排除
C
和
D
;又因为要把我排除在外,应用
else
,排除“
A”
,所以选
B
。
一、
something
1.
something
不简单的事
,
可观的成绩
,
有些地位的人
At least we didn’t lose any money. That’s something.
It’s something to have got $500 from them.
She thinks she’s something since she won the beauty contest.
2.
用于成语或词组
:
have something on
拿着某人的把柄
Although Miss Brown is not a good worker, her boss not fire her because she
has something on
him.
尽管布朗夫人不是一个好工人,但是他的老板没有开除她是因为她有她老板的把柄。
make something of
1)
小题大做,瞎猜测
When girls see another girl with a boy, they often try to
make something of
it.
2)
借
…
吵架
/
生气
Ann didn’t like what Mary said about her. She tried to
make something of
what Mary said.
make something of oneself/ one’s life
取得成功
,
有出息
He’s a clever boy---I hope he’ll
make something of himself
.
他是一个聪明的男孩,我希望他能够取得成功。
or something …
之类的人(东西、情况等)
Mr Green is a shopkeeper
or something
.
I hear he has broken an arm
or something.
get something for nothing
不冒风险(不下功夫)就有收获
Some people will never learn that you can’t
get
something for nothing.
something like
1)
大约,约摸
It cost
something like
ten pounds.
2)
有点像
The building looked
something like
a church.
这个建筑物看起来像教堂。
something to/ in
(话里)有些道理
There is
something to / in
what you say: I’ll take your advice.
have/ be something to do with
和
…
有关
/
联系
I think Guy Fawkes
is/ has something to do with
a plan to blow up Parliament.
二、
anything
be anything but
根本不是,一点也不
I don’t mean he’s lazy---anything but!
我不是说他懒,他根本不懒!
He was anything but a hero/ polite.
他根本不是英雄
/
他一点也礼貌。
三、
nothing
用于成语:
be nothing to
1)
不引起
…
的兴趣,对
…
无所谓,相当于
mean nothing to
The news is/ means nothing to him.
他对这消息不感兴趣
/
无所谓。
2
)无法和
…
相比
My losses are nothing to yours.
我的损失跟你的无法相比。
come to nothing
失败,没有结果
All his schemes came to nothing.
他所有的计划都失败了。
for nothing
1)
免费,不花代价,没花钱
They will repair the building for the old man for nothing.
I got this bicycle for nothing: a friend gave it to me.
2)
白白地,白费
We have taken all this trouble for nothing.
3)
无缘无故地
They quarreled for nothing.
go for nothing
白费,
All our work has gone for nothing.
What the teacher said went for nothing because the pupils did not pay attention.
have nothing on
不比
…
强
Even though she is older, Jane has nothing on Peter in school.
have nothing to do
和
…
没关系
This has nothing to do with you.
mean nothing to
对
…
没有意义
These technical words
mean nothing to
me.
nothing but
只有,只不过
Don’t have him for a friend: he’s nothing but a criminal.
不要和他交朋友:他不过是个罪犯而已。
nothing for it
没有别的办法
With the bridge destroyed, there was nothing for it but to swim.
由于桥毁坏了,除了游过去别无他法。
nothing like
没有什么能赶得上
There’s
nothing like
a holiday to make one feel rested.
没有什么比一个节日使人感到放松。
nothing to do with
和
…
没关系
.
That thing has/ is nothing to do with me.
那件事跟我没有关系。
think nothing of
觉得
…
不怎么样,不在乎,觉得没什么
He thought nothing of the poem.
他觉得这首诗不怎么样。
Think nothing of it.
不用谢,没关系
-
“
You didn’t mind my using your typewriter?”
-
“Of course not!
Think nothing of it!”
-
你不介意我用你的打印机吧?
-当然不会!没关系的!
副词
nowhere
的特殊用法:
1
)
get/ lead nowhere
没有结果
He knew they were getting nowhere.
That kind of talk will get/ lead you nowhere.
2) go nowhere
不起什么作用
In a costly place like this, $50 goes nowhere.
3) nowhere near = not …anywhere near
根本不
,
一点也不
$
100 is nowhere near enough.
He lives nowhere near London.
4) out of /from nowhere
突然(出现)
Mr. Jones was driving too fast on the express highway when a police patrol car appeared
out of nowhere
and stopped him.