1-4.ppt

need 既可用作实义动词，也可用作情态动词。 一、 need 用作情态动词 1 ． need 作为情态动词，主要用于否定句、疑问句及表示疑问的从句中。 That ’ s all settled. It needn ’ t be talked about. 已完全解决，不必谈了。 Why need you go today ？你为什么今天就得走？ Period Four 　 Grammar ： needn’t have done & didn’t need to do 2 ．回答由 need 引导的问句时，肯定回答一般用 must ，否定回答时用 needn ’ t 。 — Need I come ？我需要来吗？ — Yes ， you must. 是的，你必须来。 ( — No ， you needn ’ t. 不，你不必来。 ) 二、 need 用作实义动词 1 ． need 用作及物动词和不定式及名词、代词等连用，可用于各种结构。 Do we need to buy tickets in advance? 我们需要预先购票吗？ I don ’ t need your comments. Thank you. 谢谢，我不需要你来评头论足。 He needs to win this game to stay in the match. 他得赢下这场比赛以免被淘汰出局。 2 ．在个别情况下， need 作为及物动词和情态动词的句子在意思上略有差别。 He doesn ’ t need to be told. 不必告诉他了 ( 告诉他没好处 ) 。 He needn ’ t be told. 无需告诉他 ( 他已经知道了 ) 。 3 ．当主语为 “ 物 ” 的名词时，用 need 后的动词 的主动形式表被动意义， need doing ＝ need to be done ，用法同 want/require 。 The floor needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 地板需要打扫了。 The garden doesn ’ t need watering/to be watered; it rained last night. 花园无需浇水，昨晚下雨了。 4 ． didn ’ t need to do 与 needn ’ t have done (1)didn ’ t need to do sth 表示过去没有必要干某事。 I didn ’ t need to go to the bank after all — Mary lent me the money. 我终究不必去银行了 —— 玛丽借给我钱了。 (2)needn ’ t have done sth 表示 “ 本没有必要干某事 ” 。即事情已经做了，但现在看来没必要。 You needn ’ t have worked that late last night. It was harmful to your health. 你昨晚不必工作到那么晚，那对你的身体没好处。 He didn ’ t need to worry. 他不必担心。 ( 是否担心，我们不知道 ) He needn ’ t have worried. 他本不必担心。 ( 不必做的事情已经做了 ) 【 单项填空 】 — John looks sad. Did you tell him about his grandpa ’ s passing away? — Yes, but I ________ him just before the college entrance examination. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A ． ought to have told B ． needn ’ t have told C ． can ’ t have told D ． shouldn ’ t have told 答案　 D 　 [ 答句句意：是的，但是我本不该在大学入学考试前告诉他的。 should n ’ t have done 表示 “ 本不该做 …… ( 而实际上做了 ) ” ，符合语境。 ] 写一封电子邮件 【 写作任务 】 假设你叫李华，下面海报是你校英语角的一次活动安排。请根据海报内容用英语写一封 120 词左右的电子邮件，邀请你的外校朋友李明前来参加。 The English Corner invites you to come and see an English movie —————————— Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin A movie by Gezavon Rad Vanyi (with Chinese subtitles) —————————— October 26, 2012 No. 1 Lecture Hall 　 3 ： 30 ～ 5 ： 30 p ． m. Free popcorn & soft drinks! Ready help from native speakers of English Good chance to learn English & make friends! (3)Body ( 内容 ) ：电子邮件的内容要根据实际情况做适当调整，个人邮件可以轻松简洁，正式邮件要注意语气。如果是你主动写电子邮件给别人的话，那就不可能再写什么感谢的字句了。那就以你写此邮件的目的开头。例如 “ I am writing to ask about... ” 或是 “ I am writing in reference to... ” 在电子邮件开头澄清你的来意非常重要，这样才能更好的引出邮件的主要内容。记住要注意语法、拼写和标点符号，保持句子简短明了。 (4) 结束语：在结束邮件之前，再次感谢收信人并加上些礼貌语结尾。你可以 “ Thank you for your company. ” 或 “ Thank you for your consideration. ” 开始， 然后接着写： “ I look forward to hearing from you. ” “ Best wishes ， ” 或 “ Best regards ” 之类的词，常用于非正式的私人邮件中。 (5) 签名：最后是写上合适的结尾并附上你的名字。 “ Yours sincerely; Your friend; Yours ， ” 等等。 2 ．本文是邀请外校朋友李明前来参加英语角活动，人称以第二人称为主，时态为一般将来时和一般现在时相结合。 3 ．这是一封电子邮件，需注意该类应用文的基本格式和语言特点。 写作时要把题目要求和海报内容相结合，不要遗漏要点。连句成文需注意过渡衔接词的运用以使行文连贯。 第二步：提炼要点 1 ． be shown 2 ． a great movie 3 ． Chinese subtitles 4 ． native speakers 5 ． free popcorn and soft drinks 6 ． the English Corner 7 ． a great chance 8 ． starts and ends 第三步：扩点成句 1 ． An English movie called Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin will be shown in No.1 Lecture Hall in my school on October 26. 2 ． It is a great movie by Gezavon Rad Vanyi. 3 ． Don ’ t be afraid you might not understand the story because there are Chinese subtitles and there will be native speakers ready to help you, too. 4 ． Free popcorn and soft drinks will be offered. 5 ． The event is organized by the English Corner in my school. 6 ． I think it ’ s a great chance to learn English and make new friends. 7 ． The movie starts at 3 ： 30 pm and ends at 5 ： 30 pm. 【 参考范文 】 Dear Li Ming ， Good news for you! An English movie called Uncle Tom ’ s Cabin will be shown in No.1 Lecture Hall in my school on October 26.It is a great movie by Gezavon Rad Vanyi. Don ’ t be afraid you might not understand the story because there are Chinese subtitles and there will be native speakers ready to help you, too. Besides, free popcorn and soft drinks will be offered! The event is organized by the English Corner in my school. I think it ’ s a great chance to learn English and make new friends. The movie starts at 3 ： 30 pm and ends at 5 ： 30 pm. If you come, I ’ ll meet you at the school gate at 3 ： 20 pm. Yours ， Li Hua 结尾部分： With best wishes. I ’ m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier. 形影不离的名词词组 1 ． bag and baggage 连同全部财产；彻底，完全地 Tom was turned out of the hotel, bag and baggage. 汤姆连人带东西被从旅馆里赶了出来。 2 ． bed and board 食宿 We were good friends, sharing bed and board for four years in our schooldays. 我们在同学的四年中是食宿与共的好朋友。 3 ． body and soul 肉体与灵魂 ( 常用于成语 to keep body and soul together ，表示 “ 仅能维持生计，养活自己，苟延残喘 ” ) He has hardly enough food to keep body and soul together. 他没有足够的食物来维持生命。 In these days of rising prices it is difficult for many poor people to keep body and soul together. 在这物价高涨的日子里，许多穷人难以活口。 4 ． body and spirit 身心 He devoted himself to the cause of the people ’ s education, body and spirit. 他把自己的身心都献给了人民的教育事业。 5 ． bread and butter 涂黄油的面包，比喻生计 Don ’ t quarrel with your bread and butter. 不要厌弃你的谋生之路。 6 ． fingers and thumbs 手指与拇指，比喻笨拙之极 This morning I ’ m all fingers and thumbs. I don ’ t seem to be able to button my shirt. 今天早晨我笨拙极了。我似乎不能扣上衬衫的纽扣。 7 ． flesh and blood 血肉之躯；人类，人性，亲人 The girl was the old man ’ s flesh and blood. 这个女孩是老人的亲骨肉。 8 ． hammer and tongs 全力以赴，拼命，竭力 He went hammer and tongs at selling his idea to his boss. 他竭力设法让他的上司接受他的意见。 9 ． hand and foot 手脚一起，尽力，完全 He seemed to expect to be waited on hand and foot. 他像是想要人尽心尽力伺候他。 10 ． heart and soul 全心全意 Serving the people heart and soul is my greatest happiness. 全心全意为人民服务是我最大的幸福。 11 ． heaven and earth 天地 ( 常用于成语 move heaven and earth ，表示竭尽全力 ) The boy ’ s parents would move heaven and earth to get him anything he wants. 这个男孩的父母竭尽全力让他得到他想要的任何东西。 12 ． husband and wife 夫妻，夫妇 As husband and wife, they knew that nothing could separate them again. 作为夫妻， 他们知道什么也不能把他们分开了。 13 ． king and queen 国王和王后 Inside the pyramid are the rooms for the bodies of the kings and queens. 金字塔内是国王和王后的墓室。 14 ． knife and fork 一副刀叉 My father put down his knife and fork and went out of the dining room. 我父亲放下刀叉，走出餐厅。 15 ． law and order 治安 It is our duty to maintain law and order. 我们的职责是维持治安。 16 ． lock and key 锁和钥匙 ( 常用于成语 under lock and key ，表示安全的地方，在锁着的地方 ) Gold is so valuable that it is often kept under lock and key. 金子那么宝贵，所以常保存在安全的地方。 17 ． men and women 男男女女 Both men and women were invited. 男男女女都被邀请了。 18 ． odds and ends 七零八碎 The room is filled with odds and ends. 这个房间里充满了零零碎碎的东西。 19 ． part and parcel 重要部分 Nonalignment is the part and parcel of that country ’ s foreign policy. 不结盟是那个国家外交政策的重要内容。 20 ． pen and ink 笔墨，书写工具 The children write with pen and ink. 那些孩子用笔墨写字。 21 ． rise and fall 起伏，兴衰 Have you read the Rise and Fall of the Roman Empire? 你读过 《 罗马帝国的兴亡 》 吗？ 22 ． rules and regulations 规章制度 I hate being fettered by petty rules and regulations. 我讨厌受清规戒律的束缚。 23 ． sixes and sevens 乱七八糟 ( 用于成语 at sixes and sevens) When we went in, we found his room at sixes and sevens. 我们走进去的时候，发现他房里乱七八糟的。 24 ． sports and games 运动和游戏 Sports and games are also useful for character training. 体育运动对性格的培养也很有用。 25 ． thick and thin 不顾艰难险阻，在任何情况下都 ( 用于成语 through thick and thin) Only your best friends stand by you through thick and thin. 只有你最好的朋友才能在任何情况下都和你在一起。 All his life, he was loyal to the cause of communism through thick and thin. 他一生中不顾艰难险阻，忠诚于共产主义事业。 26 ． time and tide 时间与潮流 Time and tide wait for no man. 岁月不等人。 27 ． ways and means 方法，方式 The object of the conference was to work out ways and means of promoting international trade. 会议的目的在于详细拟订促进国际贸易的各种方法。 28 ． wear and tear 损耗，磨损，折磨 The wear and tear of life has made him look older than he is. 生活的折磨使他看起来比实际年龄更老。