Unit 1
Women of achievement
Period 2
Learning about Language
◎
look down upon/on
蔑视;瞧不起
①
I
look down upon/on
those who always rely on others.
我看不起那些总是依赖别人的人。
②
Teachers are no longer ___________________.Instead
,
they are being more and more looked up to in that country.
在那个国家老师不再被瞧不起,相反他们越来越受尊重。
词汇
1
Many people
look down upon
poor people.
许多人瞧不起穷人。
looked down upon/on
look ________ to
尊敬
look forward ________
盼望;期待
look _________(for)
警惕;留心
look ________
调查;观察
look ________ (
袖手
)
旁观;看待
look ________
查阅
(
单词、资料
)
;向上看
look ________
环顾四周
look ________
照料;照看
look ________
浏览;检查
look on...________...
=
consider...as...
把
……
看作
……
up
to
out
into
on
up
around
after
through
as
③
Police are ___________the case of the missing child.
警察正在调查孩子失踪的事。
④
They don
’
t ___________ themselves very well.
他们没有很好地照顾他们自己。
⑤
They _____________________ the result.
他们盼望看到结果。
⑥
_________
!
There
’
s a car coming!
当心!汽车来了!
looking into
look after
looked forward to seeing
Look out
词汇
2
If the word group
refers to
different members
,
use a plural verb.
如果
group
指不同的成员,动词用复数形式。
◎
refer to
查阅;参考;谈到;涉及;指的是
阅读下列句子,写出
refer to
的汉语意思。
①
The rule
refers
only
to
special cases.( )
②
He never
referred to
his sisters in his letters.( )
③
If you don
’
t know the spelling of a word
,
you should
refer to
a dictionary.( )
涉及,指的是
谈到,提到
查阅,参考
(1)refer to...as...
把
……
当作
……
;称
……
为
……
refer...to...
把
……
提交给
……
(
以求获得帮助
)
(2)reference
n
.
言及;提及;参考;查阅
④
The scientist
referred to
the discovery
as
the most exciting new development in this field.
这位科学家提到这一发现时,说这是这个领域中最令人兴奋的新发展。
⑤
If he gives any more trouble
,
you ________ him___ me.
如果他再找麻烦,叫他来找我。
refer
to
[
名师点津
]
在表示
“
查阅
”
之意时,
refer to
后多接参考资料
(
词典、书籍等
)
;
look up
多接查询的内容。
⑥
Please ________ the dictionary.
请查阅词典。
⑦
Please ________ the word in the dictionary.
请用词典查一下这个单词。
refer to
look up
谓语动词与主语必须在人称和数上保持一致,这叫主谓一致。主谓一致的应用主要有以下几种情况:
主谓一致
一、名词作主语
主 语
谓语动词
可数名词单数或不可数名词
单数
可数名词复数
复数
只表示复数意义的集体名词
people
,
police
,
cattle
等
复数
family
,
class
,
group
,
population
等集体名词
强调整体
单数
强调成员
复数
只作不可数名词用的集体名词
clothing
,
equipment
等
单数
单复数同形的名词
根据其表达的单复数意义而定
Tom
has
eggs and milk for breakfast.
汤姆早餐吃鸡蛋,喝牛奶。
The children
are
very fond of playing farm games.
孩子们非常喜欢玩农场游戏。
The police
have
caught the criminal.
警方已经逮捕了那个罪犯。
My family
is
very large.
我的家庭很大。
(
强调整体
)
His family
are
waiting for him.
他的家人在等他。
(
强调成员
)
The equipment of our factory
is
all imported from Britain.
我们厂的设备都是从英国进口的。
Each means
has
been tried to solve the problem
,
but none is effective.
为解决这个问题,每种方法都试过了,但没有一种是有效的。
注意:
goods
,
clothes
,
earnings
,
remains
等作主语时,谓语动词用复数。
二、数量概念词作主语
主语
谓语动词
表示单位数量,指时间、金钱、距离、长度、重量等的复数名词短语
单数
the rest/majority(of)
及分数、百分数等
根据所指代或修饰的名词而定
a number of
+可数名词复数
复数
the number of
+可数名词复数
单数
a quantity of/quantities of
根据
quantity
的形式而定
more than one/many a
+可数名词单数
单数
one of
+可数名词复数
单数
Five minutes
isn
’
t
enough to finish this test.
要完成这项测试,
5
分钟是不够的。
About 10% of the pupils
were
absent that day.
那天大约有
10%
的学生缺席。
A number of new houses
have
been built there.
那儿已建了许多新房子。
Great quantities of fish
are
caught in the deep sea.
在深海处抓了很多鱼。
三、不定代词作主语
主语
谓语动词
either
,
each(of)
,
anyone
,
somebody
,
everything
,
no one
等
单数
both
/few/
many/several(of)
等
复数
all/some/most(of)
指代或修饰可数名词复数
复数
指代或修饰不可数名词
单数
none (of)
指代或修饰可数名词复数
单、复数均可
指代或修饰不可数名词
单数
All that can be done
has
been done.
一切能做的都已经被做了。
None of them
is/are
aware of the danger.
他们中没有人意识到危险。
注意:
(1)neither
单独作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数均可。
(2)
“
either/neither of
+可数名词复数
”
作主语时,谓语动词用单、复数均可;
either
,
neither
作限定词与可数名词单数连用时,谓语动词用单数。
四、并列结构作主语
主语
谓语动词
由“
both...and...”
连接
复数
由“
either... or...”“neither...nor...”“or”“not only...but also”“not...but”
连接
就近一致
each/every/no
+
n
. and each/every/no
+
n
.
单数
注意:
and
连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、物、概念或由两个部件配成的物品时,谓语动词用单数。
No student and no teacher
wants
to go there.
没有学生和老师想去那里。
Either you or one of your friends
is
to attend the ceremony that is due next Monday.
你或者你的一位朋友要出席定于下周一的典礼。
五、其他情况
主语
谓语动词
主语后有
with
,
like
,
along/together, with
,
as well as
类短语
与主语一致
there be
句式中
就近一致
不定式、动名词
通常为单数
主语从句
通常为单数
定语从句中关系代词作主语
与先行词一致
The mother along with her two children
goes
to the park every weekend.
母亲与她的两个孩子每个周末都去公园。
There is an apple and some oranges on the table.
桌子上有一个苹果和一些橘子。
To prevent the air from being polluted
is
what we
’
re now researching.
防止空气污染是我们正在研究的课题。
Whether they will hold a party or not
has
not been decided.
他们还没有决定是否开派对。
Mr.Smith
,
who is now downstairs
,
is
asking to see you.
史密斯先生要见你,他现在就在楼下。
注意:
(1)
多个不定式、动名词作主语表示不同概念时,谓语动词用复数。
(2)what
引导主语从句时,谓语动词根据从句所指的内容而定。
Unit 1
Exercise
2
谢谢观看!