Unit 2
Working the land
Period 2
Learning about Language
◎
confuse
vt.
使迷惑;使为难
①
They asked so many questions that they
confused
me.
他们问了许多问题,都把我弄糊涂了。
词汇
1
It is important to explain this again or we will
confuse
the students.
把这个再解释一遍很重要,否则我们就会使学生感到迷惑。
(1)confuse A with/ and B
把
A
与
B
混淆
be confused about
对
……
感到困惑
be confused by
被
……
搞糊涂了
be confused that...
对
……
感到困惑
(2)confused
adj
.
困惑的,烦恼的
confusing
adj
.
令人困惑的
confusion
n
.混乱;困惑
②
Be careful not to ________ quantity ________ quality.
注意不要把数量与质量混淆了。
③
If you
’
re
confused about
anything
,
phone my office.
如果你有感到困惑的问题,给我办公室打电话。
④
Their questions were _________.
他们的问题令人困惑。
⑤
There was some
confusion
as to whether we had won or lost.
不清楚我们究竟是赢了还是输了。
confuse
with/and
confusing
The
confused
look on her face suggested she was
confused
about the
confusing
instructions.
她困惑的表情表明她对那些令人困惑的说明感到困惑。
①
I believe you will
regret
leaving Paris.
我相信你会为离开巴黎而后悔的。
词汇
2
His father says that he has never
regretted
sending his son to study abroad.
他父亲说他不后悔将他儿子送往国外学习。
②
I
regretted having left
the work unfinished.
我后悔没有把这份工作做完。
③
We _____________ you that you have lost the chance.
我们很遗憾地通知你,你已经失去了这次机会。
④
________________
,
he didn
’
t go with them.
非常遗憾,他没有同他们一起去。
⑤
He told me __________that he could not come to the party.
他很抱歉地对我说他不能来参加这个聚会了。
regret to inform
Much to his regret
with regret
一、动词
ing
形式作主语
1
.动词
ing
形式作主语时,常表示经常性、习惯性的动作,谓语动词用单数。
Reading
aloud is a good way in learning English.
朗读是学习英语的一个好方法。
Seeing
is believing.
眼见为实。
动词
ing
形式作主语和宾语
2
.动名词放在句末,用
it
作形式主语,而把真正主语放在句末。常见句型有:
It is
/was no good/
use doing sth.
做
……
没有好处
/
用处。
It is a waste of time/money doing sth.
做某事是浪费时间
/
金钱。
It is/was worthwhile doing sth.
做
……
是值得的。
It is no good
waiting
for other people to make decisions for you.
等别人替你做决定是没有用的。
It is no use
crying
over spilt milk.
覆水难收。
It is a waste of time
talking
about such useless things.
谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。
3
.在
There is no
结构中,通常用动词
ing
形式。常见句型有:
There is no point/sense (in)doing sth.
做
……
没有意义
/
没有道理。
There is no pleasure doing sth.
做
……
没有乐趣。
There is no point in
persuading
him any longer.He won
’
t change his mind.
再劝说他也没有意义,他不会改变主意。
二、动词
ing
形式作宾语
1
.可接动名词作宾语的常见动词可用下面的口诀记住:
避免错过少延期
(avoid
,
miss
,
postpone)
建议完成多练习
(advise
,
finish
,
practise)
喜欢想象禁不住
(enjoy
,
imagine
,
can
’
t help)
承认否定与嫉妒
(admit
,
deny
,
envy)
逃避冒险莫原谅
(escape
,
risk
,
excuse)
忍受保持不介意
(stand
,
keep
,
mind)
We were lucky to escape
being punished
.
我们很幸运,没有受罚。
I tried to avoid
making
the same mistake.
我尽力避免犯同样的错误。
I can
’
t stand
being treated
like that.
我受不了被那样对待。
She couldn
’
t help crying when she heard the bad news.
当她听到坏消息时忍不住哭了起来。
2
.英语中有一些动词短语也常跟动词
ing
形式作宾语。
常见的跟动词
ing
形式作宾语的动词短语有
insist on
,
object to
,
be good at
,
lead to
,
put off
,
give up
,
look forward to
,
feel like
,
devote to
,
get used to
,
pay attention to
等。
He insisted on
doing
it in his own way.
他坚持要按照自己的方法做。
The old couple have got used to
living
in the countryside.
这对老夫妇已习惯生活在乡下了。
3
.在有些动词的后面,如:
start
,
begin
,
continue
等,既可接动名词也可接不定式作宾语,两者意义区别不大。
They continued
working
/to work as if nothing had happened.
他们继续工作,似乎什么也没发生过。
I remembered
to mail
the letter but forgot
to buy
the stamp.
我记得要去寄信可忘了买邮票了。
Missing
the train means
waiting
for another hour.
误了这班火车就意味着再等一个小时。
He stopped
talking
when the bell rang.
铃响的时候,他停止了讲话。
While working
,
he stopped
to talk
with Tom at times.
工作的时候,他不时地停下来和汤姆谈话。
三、动词
ing
形式的否定形式
动词
ing
形式的否定形式通常是在其前加
not
,带有逻辑主语时
not
应放在动词
ing
形式之前。
You have no excuse for
not going
.
你没有理由不去。
He was punished for
not having done
his homework.
他因未完成作业而受到惩罚。
I
’
m sorry for
not having kept
my promise.
对不起,我没有兑现我的承诺。
四、动词
ing
形式的复合结构
动词
ing
形式的复合结构的构成方式为:名词所有格
/
形容词性物主代词+动词
ing
形式。此结构多在句
中作主语或宾语等,其中名词所有格
/
形容词性物主代词是动词
ing
形式的逻辑主语。当该复合结构作宾语时,名词所有格可用普通格代替,形容词性物主代词可用代词宾格代替,但作主语时不可以。
Do you mind my/me
coming
late for the film?
我看电影迟到你介意吗?
Mary
’
s being late
for class made her teacher very angry.
玛丽上课迟到让她的老师非常生气。
Her
coming
to help encouraged all of us.
她来帮忙鼓舞了我们。
五、动词
ing
形式的时态
在时态上,动词
ing
有一般式
(doing)
和完成式
(having done)
两种形式。当动词
ing
形式表示的动作发生的时间不明确,或与谓语动作同时发生,或发生在谓语动作之后时,用动词
ing
形式的一般式;当动词
ing
表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前时,常用其完成式。
I enjoy
playing
football.(playing
表示的时间概念不明确
)
He
’
s been used to
going
to bed late.(going to bed
与
has been used to
同时发生
)
I
’
m sorry for
not having kept
my promise.(not having kept my promise
发生在
I
’
m sorry
之前
)
需要特别注意的是,有时候通过上下文可以明显地看出动词
ing
动作和谓语动作的先后时间关系,或者在一些动词
(
如
remember
,
forget
,
regret)
和动词短语
(
如
excuse sb.for
,
thank sb.for)
中,尽管动词
ing
表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前,我们也常用其一般式来代替完成式,或者两种形式通用。
Thank you very much for having helped me a lot.
=
Thank you very much for
helping
me a lot.
谢谢你帮了我这么多忙。
六、动词
ing
形式的语态
在语态上,动词
ing
形式有主动式
(doing
,
having done)
和被动式
(being done, having been done)
。主动式表示主动意义,被动式表示被动意义。
He insisted on
sending
her to hospital.
他坚持要把她送到医院去。
He insisted on
being sent
to work in the countryside.
他坚持要被派到乡下工作。
Unit
2
Exercise
2
谢谢观看!