Unit 3
A taste of English humour
Period 2
Learning about Language
◎
particularly
adv.
特殊地;特别地
①
Traffic is bad
,
particularly
in the city center.
交通状况很差,尤其是在市区。
词汇
1
Children
particularly
would burst into laughter at his behaviour.
尤其是孩子们看到他的表演会大笑不止。
②
I ____________________ my clothes while my wife minds what I wear.
我不怎么讲究着装,我的妻子却很在乎我穿什么。
③
Peter was lying on the sofa doing nothing ____________.
彼得躺在沙发上,无所事事。
particular
adj
.
特殊的;特别的
n
.细节,细目
in particular(
=
particularly)
特别地;尤其地
be particular about/over...
对
……
挑剔
am not particular about
in particular
◎
occasion
n.
时刻;机会;原因;场合
写出下列句中
occasion
的汉语意义
①
On special
occasions
,
we need to wear uniforms.( )
②
Send you my best wishes on this happy
occasion
.( )
词汇
2
On one
occasion
in a restaurant he ordered a steak tartare.
有一次他在餐馆叫了一份生食鞑靼牛排。
场合
时刻
(1)on one occasion
有一次;曾经
on occasion(s)
有时;间或
on this
/that occasion
这
/
那次
have occasion to do sth.
有理由做某事
(2)occasional
adj
.
偶尔的;偶然的
occasionally
ad
v
.
偶然地;有时
③
He has been known
on occasion
to lose his temper.
大家都知道他有时会发脾气。
④
I have
had
no
occasion to visit
him recently.
我最近无缘去拜访他。
⑤
Have you ever met with the occasion __________ you are mistaken?
你是否遇到过被人误解的时候?
where
[
名师点津
]
occasion
作定语从句的先行词,如果表示时间,意为
“
时刻;机会
”
,关系副词用
when
;如果表示地点,意为
“
场合
”
,关系副词用
where
。
⑥
Occasions are quite rare __________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
我和我的孩子们有时间一起待上一天的时候很少。
when
一、动词
ing
形式作表语
1
.表示主语的内容,可以转换到句首作主语。
Teaching English is my job.
=
(My job is teaching English.)
我的工作是教英语。
动词
ing
形式作表语、定语和宾语补足语
2
.表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态
(
动词
ing
形式相当于一个形容词
)
。常用来作表语的现在分词有
astonishing
,
amusing
,
confusing
,
disappointing
,
boring
,
encouraging
,
inspiring
,
moving
,
tiring
,
interesting
,
surprising
等。
The problem is quite puzzling.
这个问题很令人困惑。
二、动词
ing
形式作定语
1
.单个的动词
ing
形式可以作前置定语。
(1)
说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。
a reading room
=
a room which is used for reading
阅览室
running shoes
=
shoes for running
跑鞋
a working method
=
a method for working
工作方法
(2)
表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态,在意思上接近一个定语从句,可以表示正在进行的动作,也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。
developing countries
=
countries that are developing
发展中国家
an ordinary
looking house
=
a house that looks ordinary
看起来很普通的房子
a puzzling problem
=
a problem that puzzles somebody
困扰人的问题
2
.作定语的动词
ing
形式如果是一个短语,则应放在被修饰词的后面,作后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。
They lived in a house
facing south
(
=
________________)
.
他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
Do you know the boy
playing basketball
(
=
______________________
)?
你认识在打篮球的那个男孩吗?
which faced south
who is playing basketball
温馨提示:
动词
ing
形式的完成式一般只用来作状语,不作定语。例如:
The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.(
×
)
The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon. (
√
)
被地震毁坏的庙宇很快就要被重建了。
三、动词
ing
形式作宾语补足语
1
.动词
ing
形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面,表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作,强调一个过程或一种状态。
When we returned
,
we found a stranger standing in front of the house.
我们回来的时候,发现一个陌生人站在房子前。
2
.当主句转换为被动结构时,原来作宾语补足语的动词
ing
形式便转换为主语补足语。
They found the film very exciting.
=
The film was found very exciting.
他们觉得这部影片很精彩。
3
.能用动词
ing
形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:
(1)
表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词
(
常见的有
see
,
hear
,
feel
,
smell
,
find
,
notice
,
observe
,
look at
,
listen to
等
)
+
sb.
+
doing sth.(
作宾语补足语
)
I felt somebody standing behind me.
我感觉有人站在我后面。
(2)
表示指使意义的使役动词
(
常见的有
have
,
let
,
keep
,
get
,
leave
等
)
+
sb./sth.
+
doing sth.(
作宾语补足语
)
We kept the fire burning all night long.
我们让火整夜燃烧着。
I won
’
t have any of you cheating in the exam.
我不允许你们任何人考试作弊。
温馨提示:
动词不定式、动词
ing
形式和动词
ed
形式都可以在句子中作定语或作宾语补足语,使用时,它们的区别如下:
①
动词不定式往往表示将来的动作或动作的全过程。
②
动词
ing
形式表示一个正在进行的主动性动作。
③
动词
ed
形式往往表示一个被动的或已经完成的动作。
例如:
a bridge to be built(
一座将要建的桥
)
the falling leaves(
正在飘落的树叶
)
the fallen leaves(
落叶
)
We saw him running through the street.
我们看到他正在大街上跑。
(
正在进行
)
We noticed the assistant take away the chair.
我们注意到这个助手把椅子拿走了。
(
指拿走椅子的全过程
)
Unit
3
Exercise
2
谢谢观看!