Unit 1 Section A Grammar Focus-3c.pptx

Section A Grammar Focus-3c Objectives To practice the usage of anyone, someone, everyone, anything, something, everything and nothing. To learn new words: myself , yourself, hen, pig , seem, bored, someone, diary… To sum up t he simple past tense. Where did you go on your vacation? Did you go to the zoo? Were there any…? What else did you do? … Let’s talk! Where did you go on vacation? I went to New York City . Did you go out with anyone ? No, no one was here. Everyone was on vacation. Did you buy anything special? Yes, I bought something for my father. How was the food? No, I bought nothing . Did everyone have a good time? Oh, yes. Everything was excellent. Grammar Focus 1. 你去了什么地方去度假？ ______ _____ you go on ________? 2. 我去了纽约市。 I _____ ____ New York City. 3. 你和别的什么人一起去的吗？ ______ ______ go out with _______? vacation Where did went to Did you anyone 认真读并观察 Grammar focus 内容，完成下列句子并试着总结一般过去时态的用法。 4. 不，没有别人在这儿。每个人都在度假。 No. ____ _____ was here. ________ was on ________. 5. 你买了什么特别的东西了吗？ _____ you buy ________ _______? 6. 是的，我为我爸爸买了些东西。 Yes, I _______ _________ for my father. 7. 不，我没有买什么东西。 No, I _______ _________. No one Everyone vacation anything special Did bought something bought nothing 8. 吃的怎么样？ ____ ____ the food? 9. 所有的东西尝起来都很好。 __________ _______ really good. 10. 每个人都玩得很开心吗？ _____ ________ have a good time? 11. 哦，是的。一切都很棒。 Oh, yes. ____________ was excellent. How was Everything tasted Did everyone Everything The simple past tense 一般过去时 1. 定义 : 1) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态 ， 常和表示过去的 时间状语 ( 如 yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago...) 连用； 2) 也 表示过去经常或反复发生的动作 ，常和表示 频度的 时间状语 ( 如 often, always…) 连用。 一般过去时 有哪些时间状语可以用来描述过去？ 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语或从句连用 。 a ）时间状语 ago （ two hours ago （一段时间 +ago ） yesterday （句子开头或结尾） the day before yesterday last week, last (year, night, month…) 具体时间（ 如 Jan. fourth ) just now at the age of one day long ago once upon a time （很久以前） and so on this morning long long ago Sentences I did my homework yesterday. I play ed soccer last Sunday . I clean ed my room last week. I went to the beach three years ago. I play ed tennis with my friends last weekend. I went to the movies three days ago. 注 ：“过去”的概念并不是只指如“ yesterday, last week,… ”等，实际上“ 与现在对立的过去 ”，亦即“ 非现在的以前 ”，哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”，只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立，就必须使用一般过去时来表达。在谈到已死去的人的情况时，多用过去时。  e.g. He was here only  a few minutes ago . 仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。 I came home  just now . 我刚回到家。  I got up very early  this morning . 今天早晨我起床很早。 He was late for school again  today . 今天他又迟到了。 a ）动词变化规则 规则变化 : 1. 直接加 ed ： work— work ed look—look ed play—play ed 　　 2. 以 e 结尾的单词，直接加 d ： live —live d hope—hope d use——use d 3. 以辅音字母 +y 结尾的，变 y 为 i 加 ed ： study—— stud ied carry——carr ied worry——worr ied 4. 以元音字母 +y 结尾的，直接加 ed ： enjoy ——enjoy ed play——play ed 　　 5. 以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音 字母 +ed ： stop—— stop ped plan——plan ned 　 规则动词过去式词尾 -ed 的读音 读音规则 读 音 例 词 在浊辅音和元音后面 /d/ moved /mu:vd/ 在浊辅音和元音后面 /t/ passed /pa:st/ 在清辅音后面 /id/ needed /’ni:did/ am, is— was are— were go— went do— did have— had come— came take— took say— said eat— ate see— saw get— got put— put sleep— slept give— gave write— wrote read— read b ） 动词不规则变化 /red/ buy— bought sit— sat run— ran swim — swam make— made feel— felt hear— heard grow— grew tell— told know— knew find— found begin— began bring — brought stand— stood spend— spent catch— caught teach— taught 动词不规则变化 基本结构 ： 　 be 动词的过去 式 Present Past am was is was are were 单数 复数 I was we were you were (一個人) you were (不只一人) she was they were he was it was 肯定句：主语 +was (were) + 其它 .      e.g. I was late yesterday.  昨天我迟到了。    否定句：主语 +was (were) +not+ 其它 .      e.g. We weren’t late yesterday.  我们昨天没迟到。 Be  动词的一般过去时态构成： 疑问句： Was (Were) + 主语 + 其它 ?       e.g.  Were you ill yesterday?  你昨天病了吗？   肯定回答：   Yes, I was.  是的，我病了。     否定句：   No, I wasn’t.  不，我没病。  特殊疑问句： 特殊疑问词 +was (were) + 主语 + 其它 ?     e.g. When were you born?  你是什么时候出生的？ A : How your vacation , Lin? B: It pretty good. A: How the beach es ? B: They great. A: How the weather ? B: It hot and wet. A: How the people ? B: They un friendly. A:How the store s ? B: They expensive . was was were were was was were were were were Be— am/is(was) are(were) Be 填空 肯定句 要使用动词的 过去式 ， 否定句和疑问句 要使用助动词 do 和  does  的过去式   did 。   肯定句：主语 + 动词过去式 + 其它 .      e.g. I went home at nine o’clock yesterday. 我昨天九点钟回的家。   否定句：主语 +didn’t + 动词原形 + 其它 .      e.g. I didn’t go home yesterday.  我昨天没回家。 实义动词的一般过去时态    疑问句： Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其它 .     e.g.  Did you go home yesterday?  你昨天回家了吗？ 肯定回答： Yes, I did.  是的，我回了。  否定回答： No, I didn’t.  不，我没回家。 一般过去式的构成形式 肯定式 疑问式 否定式 I worked Did I work I did not work He /She/It worked Did he /she/it work He /She/It did not work We worked Did we work We did not work You worked Did you work You did not work They worked Did they work They did not work 动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事； be 用 was 或用 were , have, has 变 had ； 谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志； 一般动词加 - ed ，若是特殊得硬记。 否定句很简单，主语之后 didn’t 添； 疑问句也不难， did 放在主语前； 如果谓语之前有 did ，谓语动词需还原； 动词若是 was, were, 否定就把 not 添。 易 记 歌 谣 Last summer, I ______to the beach with my parents. My vacation _____pretty good . I ____there by bus _____my bus trip______ relaxing. The beach ______ very beautiful . It _______sunny. I _________ beach volleyball and ______swimming. The people ______ friendly and the food was ________. I __________my vacation very much and I _________to go there again. went was went and was was was were delicious enjoyed hope played went Write about your vacation and give a report. 某人 某事 任何人 任何事 没有人 没有东西 每人 一切 someone anyone no one everyone somebody anybody nobody everybody something anything nothing everything 复合不定代词小结： 1. some, any, no, every 与 -one, -thing ， -body 可以 组成复合不定代词，他们分别是： 2. 复合不定代词用法 ( 1) some 系列的 不定代词和 some 一样主要用于 肯 定 句 ； any 系列 的不定代词和 any 一样主要用于 否 定 或疑问句 。如： There is ___________ wrong with my bike. 我的自行车出毛病了。 I can’t see _______in the classroom. 在教室里我没看见任何人。 something anyone 不过，在表示 请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中 常用 some 系列的词 。 eg. Would you like ___________to drink? 你想要一些喝的东西吗？ 在表达“ 任何 ”这一含义的肯定句中也要用 any 系列的词 。 eg. I think__________ can do it. 我认为任何人都会做。 anyone something (2) 修饰复合不定代词 something, anyone 等的 adj,adv,to do 不定式等 要放在不定代词的后面。如： Did you meet __________________? 你遇见有趣的人了吗？ I have ________ to do today. 我今天没什么事可做。 There’s __________________ in the newspaper today. 今天的报纸里有一些重要的内容。 anyone interesting nothing something important (4) no 系列的不定代词可与 not...any 系列 的不定代词替换。 eg. I bought nothing.= I______buy ___________. 我什么也没买。 didn't anything (3) 这些不定代词作主语时看作单数，谓语动词用 单数形式。 eg. Everyone ______ on vacation last weekends. 上周末 所有的人都在度假。 was Linda: Did you do___________ fun on your vacation, Alice? Alice: Yes, I did. I went to Sanya. Linda: How did you like it? Alice: Well, it was my first time there, so ___________ was really interesting. Fill in the blanks with the words in the box and practice the conversation. anything everything 3a anyone something anything everything nothing Linda: Did you go with__________? Alice: Yes, I did. I went with my sister. Linda: Did you go shopping? Alice: Of course! I bought__________ for my parents , but _________for myself. Linda: Why didn ’ t you buy__________ for yourself? Alice: I didn ’ t really see ____________I liked. anyone something nothing anything anything Dear Bill, How was your vacation? Did you do ________ interesting? Did________ in the family go with you? I went to a friend’s farm in the countryside with my family. __________was great. anything everything nothing everyone no one Fill in the blanks in the e-mail message with the words in the box. anything everyone Everything 3b We fed some hens and saw some baby pigs. They were so cute! The only problem was that there was __________ much to do in the evening but read. Still __________ seemed to be bored. Bye for now! Mark nothing no one Did you… Everyone Someone(write the classmates’ name ) No one eat a nything at a restaurant? read anything interesting? visit anyone in your family? buy anything? keep a diary? Ask your group questions about their last vacation. Then tell the class your results. In our group, everyone ate something at a restaurant ... 3c 2.anyone, someone, everyone, no one, anything, something, everything ， nothing 等复合不定代词 的用法。 Summary 1. 一般过去时态的构成、用法， 动词过去式的构成规则。 1.get — 2.say — 3.have — 4.be— 5.tell — 6.think — 7.write — 8.drive — 9.run — 10.read — I. 写出下列单词的过去式。 got said had was, were told thought wrote drove ran read Exercises 11. see— 12. stand — 13. put — 14. eat — 15. buy — 16. drink — 17. sleep — 18. come — 19. play — 20. study — 21. listen — saw stood put ate bought drank slept came played studied listened II. 用所给动词的适当形式填空。 We ______ (live) in Japan last year. Jack________ (stop) the car last Sunday. Tom _______ (clean) his room and ________ (study) for the Chinese test last weekend. 4.What ______ you ______(do) last night? 5.On Sunday morning I _______ (play) tennis. lived stopped cleaned studied did do played III. 句型转换。   Lucy did her homework at home.  （改否定句）     2. He found some meat in the fridge( 冰箱 ). （变一般疑问句 )     3. She stayed there  for a week . （画线部分提问）    Lucy didn’t do her homework at home. Did he find any meat in the fridge?  How long did she stay there?   4. She went to the beach last Sunday. ( 变一般疑问句 ) 5.They stayed at home on vacation.( 就画线部分提问 ) Did she go to the beach last Sunday? Where did they stay on vacation? 6. The weather was hot and humid. ( 变否定句 ) 7. Nancy went to the cinema last night. ( 改为同义句 ) 8. The people in New York were friendly . ( 就画线部分提问 ) The weather wasn’t hot or humid. Nancy went to see a film last night. How were the people in New York? Ⅳ. 汉 译英。 1. 最近每个人都很忙。 2.— 你假期做什么有趣的事了吗？ — 是的。 我去北京了。 Everyone is very busy these days. —Did you do anything fun on your vacation? —Yes, I did. I went to Beijing. 3. 你假期过得怎么样？ How was your vacation? 4. 晚上没有什么事可做，只好看书。 There was nothing much to do in the evening but reading. 5. 我给我父母买了一些礼物，却没给自己买。 I bought some gifts for my parents, but nothing for myself. 中考链接 Learning is a lifelong journey because we can learn _______ every day. A. nothing new B . new something C. something new “每天学习新的东西”，肯定句用 something ，修饰语放在不定代词后面。 C Almost ______ in our group has been to the 2nd Digital China Summit. It’s fantastic. A. someone B . everyone C . anyone “ 我们 组几乎每个人都去过第二届数字中国建筑峰会”，肯定句用 everyone 。 B Homework 1. Write about your vacation in your exercise book. 2. Preview the next part.