初中英语语法专题讲座——代词
【复习要点】
代词是代替名词的词或者起名词作用的短语和句子的词。英语中代词有人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词、不定代词。
一、人称代词：
1.人称代词的形式：英语中有以下这些人称代词：
人 称
单 数
复 数
主 格
宾 格
主 格
宾 格
第一人称
I
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
she
it
him
her
it
they
them
通 称
one
ones
说明：
⑴. 人称代词有主格和宾格之分，主格在句中一般用作主语、表语等，宾格在句中用作动词的宾语和介词的宾语。
⑵. 人称代词单数he, she 和it的复数形式都是they，宾格形式也相同，为them。
⑶. 第三人称的人称代词分阳性he / him，阴性she / her 和中性it /it，复数只有一个they / them，不分性别。
2.人称代词的基本用法：
⑴. 主格人称代词用作主语或表语，例如：If he writes to you, you must write back. 如果他给你写信，你必须回复。（用作主语）It wasn’t she who broke the window. 打破窗子的不是她。（用作表语）
在口语中，人称代词如果作表语，通常用宾格形式。例如：Who is it? It’s me (us). 是谁呀？是我（我们）。
⑵. 宾格人称代词用作宾语（动词宾语和介词宾语）。例如：Tell her to call me tomorrow, please. 请叫她明天给我打电话。（用作动词宾语）I don’t want to put them under the table. 我不想把它们放在桌底下。（用作介词宾语）
人称代词独立使用时也用宾格形式，例如：I’d like to go back in here. — Me too. 我想回到这里来。—我也想。
以下两句中的人称代词用主格和宾格都可以，用主格被认为较正式，用宾格为口语说法。例如：My sister is two years older than I (am) / me. 我姐姐比我大两岁。You are as tall as he (is) / him. 你跟他个子一样高。
在使用人称代词时要注意的几点：
⑴. she 可以用来代表国家、船只、大地、月亮等，例如：China will always do what she has promised to do. 中国从来是说话算话的。The Titanic was on her first voyage when she sank. 泰坦尼克巨轮是在首航途中沉没的。
⑵ . 注意人称代词并列式的顺序：单数人称代词一般是2.3.1的顺序；复数人称代词顺序一般是1.2.3。例如：
You and I are good friends. 你和我是好朋友。（出于礼貌）Tom and I left home early this morning. 汤姆和我今天一大早就离开了家。（出于礼貌）You and he must be there at seven o’clock. 你和他必须7点钟到达那里。（you较近，he较远）You, he and I will be put in the same class. 你、我、他将被分在同一个班。
注意:：若把责任担,第一人称最当先,(即若做错事时,把第一人称放在最前面.)
Who broke the window? _______and _______.谁打破的窗户？我和迈克。
3.it的用法总结：
⑴、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情： 一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情、没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可作主语，也可以作宾语。
①．指动物和植物。如：—Oh，that's Lucy's hat．噢，那是露茜的帽子。 —It looks like a cat！它看上去像只猫！ Where's tea grown？It's grown in the southeast of China．什么地方种植茶？中国东南部种植茶。
②．指代一些无生命的东西。如： Is it your watch？这是你的手表吗？Look at the rain！It's heavy，isn't it？看这雨！雨很大，对吗？
③．代替上文提到过的整个事情。如：Well，you mustn't play on the road．It's dangerous．哦，你不能在公路上玩。这太危险了！It was hard work，but they really enjoyed it．摘苹果是艰苦活，可他们都乐意去干（它）。
⑵、用于指代人：
①．指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。如：—Who was it？是谁（打来的电话）？—Was it Susan？（打电话的）是苏珊吗？ —Yes，it was．是的，我是。（根据上下句，“it was”也可不译出来。）—Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？—It's me．是我。
②．指说话者心目中的那个人。如：—Is it your sister，Kate？（那旧照片上的 baby）是你姐姐凯特吧？
—No！不是。 —Is it your brother？是你哥哥吧？—No！不是。—I know—it's you！我知道了，（那）是你。
③．指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时，也可用it来指人。如:The child smiled when it saw its mother．这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。I don't know who it is．我不知道他是谁。
注意：看到这样的句子（或听到这样的话）时，要想一想，不要一看到it就把它译成“它”。）
④．在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。如：—Who's that？那人是谁？—Is it Kate？是凯特吗？—Yes，I think you're right．It's Kate．是的，我想你说对了，是凯特。
⑶、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等：
①．表示时间。如：—What time is it？几点钟？ —It's ten．十点钟。It's summer in Australia now．现在澳大利亚是夏天。
特别注意it用于表示时间时还常见于以下两个句型中：
A: It's time（for sb．）to do sth．／It's time for sth．译为“是（某人）该干……的时间了”、“到……的时候了”。如：It's time for supper／to have supper．是吃晚饭的时候了。I think it's time for us to start the lesson now．我想现在是我们开始上课的时候了。
B: It is ／has been ＋时间段＋since ＋一般过去时。译为“自从……以来已过了……（时间）”。此结构可以与另一种句型进行同义句转换。如：It has been two weeks since we met last．＝ Two weeks has passed since we met last．自从我们上次相遇以来，两个星期过去了。It's three years since he came here．＝It has been three years since he came here．＝He has been here for three years．他到这里已经三年了。
②．表示距离。如：It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school．从我家到学校步行得花半小时时间。 —Where's the farm，Li Lei？Is it far？李雷，农场在哪里？远吗？—No，it's quite near．不，（距）离这很近。
③．表示自然现象。如：Sometimes it snows and the land is all white．有时下雪，大地一片白。It is very quiet here at the moment．眼下这儿很安静。
⑷、用作形式主语：
英语中常常见到某个句子以it开头，it与其后面的动词不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句等相呼应，以表达一个完整的意义。这是一种习惯表达法，这样的句式可避免句子显得头重脚轻。
①．It＋is／was＋形容词＋（for／of sb．）＋动词不定式短语。对于这个句型中究竟用 for还是用of，一般遵循这样的规则：如果形容词仅仅是描述事物的形容词，如：difficult， easy，hard，important，dangerous等用for；如果形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的，如：kind，good，nice，clever等则用of。例如：
It is interesting to play with snow in winter．冬季里玩雪是很有趣的。It's important for us to keep the water clean．保持水质清洁对我们来说是很重要的。It's very kind of you to say so．你这样说真是太好了。
注意：这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，如feel等。如：It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early．早睡早起是好习惯。It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．乘宇宙飞船飞往月球一定很有趣。It feels strange to have a twin sister．有个孪生姐妹感觉很奇怪。
②．It＋is／was＋形容词＋从句。如：It is certain that he will come．他一定会来。It's true that he may fall behind the other students．他真的可能落后于其他同学。It is strange that he should say so．他居然这么说，真是奇怪。
③．It ＋is ／was ＋one's turn（duty，pleasure） ＋to do sth．意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。如：It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow．明天轮到你值日了。
④．It takes（sb．）some time to do sth．意为“（某人）花……时间做某事”。如: It took me a week to finish reading the book．我花了一周时间看完这本书。
⑤．It is said (reported， learned....) that ... 据说（据报道，据悉．．．）如: It is said that he has come to Beijing.
⑥．It seems ／seemed ＋从句。译为“看起来好像……”，此结构可以转换成“seem ＋动词不定式”形式。如：It seems that he is ill．＝He seems to be ill．看起来他好像病了。
⑦. It is the first (second ...) time that ... “是第一（二）…次…”。（that从句一般用完成时）如：It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here.
⑸、用作形式宾语：
当句子的真正宾语是动词不定式、动名词或从句时，为避免句子头重脚轻，须将其放在宾语补足语之后，改用先行词it占据其原来的位置。it用作形式宾语的句型为：主语＋谓语＋it＋宾语补足语＋动词不定式／动名词／从句。该句型中宾语补足语可由形容词、名词等充当。如：He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well．他发现学好一门外语是不容易的。We think it no good reading in bed．我们认为躺在床上看书无益处。I think it necessary that we have the meeting．我认为开这个会是必要的。
⑹、强调句型：“It is + 被强调部分 + that ...”使用该句型有以下几点请注意：
① 强调句的谓语is或was永远用单数. It was yesterday that I met your father in the street．
②不管被强调部分是哪种状语，只能用that连接，不得使用where、when等连词. It was in the street that I met your father yesterday．
③被强调部分为人时，可用who(主格或宾格)和whom(宾格)代替that，用that也行。It was your father that/whom /who I met in the street yesterday．It was I that/who met your father in the street yesterday．
④强调句中 也要注意主谓一致、人称一致和否定转移的问题。
It is they who are our friends．It was not until ten o'clock that we got home last night．
⑤注意不要混淆强调句和其他从句。It is was…that…为强调句标志，去掉后仍可组成一个完整的句子，只是没被强调, 而其他从句一般不具备这一特征。
比较：
1) It was ten o'clock when we got home last night．我们昨晚到家时已十点了。
2) It was at ten o'clock that we got home last night．我们昨晚是在十点到家的。
注意：第一句不是强调句，when不可改为that,因为去掉it was和that后，只能组成“We got home ten o'clock last night．”这样一个不完整的句子；第二句是强调句，that不可改为when．
二、物主代词：
物主代词实际上是人称代词的所有格形式。根据其句法作用，物主代词可以分为形容词性和名词性两种。形容词性物主代词一定要后接名词。如：This is my book. 这是我的书。名词性物主代词可以独立使用，无需后接名词。如：This book is mine. 这本书是我的。物主代词的形式请见下表：
人 称
单 数
复 数
形容词性
名词性
形容词性
名词性
第一人称
my
mine
our
ours
第二人称
your
yours
your
yours
第三人称
his her its
his hers its
their
theirs
通 称
one's
1. 形容词性物主代词的基本用法:
形容词性的物主代词作定语放在名词前，不能单独使用。例如：My name is John Green. 我叫约翰·格林。Excuse me, is this your car? 对不起，这是您的车吗？His parents are in England. 他的父母在英国。They wash their faces every day. 他们每天都洗脸。（本句中的their无须译出）
2. 名词性物主代词的基本用法:
⑴.名词性物主代词在句中独立使用，即不后接名词，名词性的物主代词常与of 连用。其句法作用相当于一个名词。
例如：Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。（用作主语，一般用于正式文体）
I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours? 我忘了带词典，我可以用一下你的吗？（用作动词的宾语）
He wasn’t in my room. He might be in his. 他（刚才）不在我的房间。他可能在自己的房间。（用作介词的宾语）
Whose book is this? — It’s hers. 这是谁的书？——是她的。（用作表语）
Jack is a friend of mine. 杰克是我的一个朋友。（用于双重所有格）
⑵.名词性物主代词用作主语时，谓语动词的数应随所指者的数而定。
例如：Is this pencil yours or hers? It’s mine. Hers is in her bag. (Hers = Her pencil) 这支铅笔是你的还是她的？是我的。她的铅笔在她包里。
注意：1）名词性的物主代词=形容词性的物主代词+ 名词
例如：This isn’t _______ bag , _______ is here.这不是我的包，我的在这。
2)形容词性的物主代词与own 连用时,后面可跟名词也可不跟名词.
My own house = a house of my own
三、反身代词:
反身代词是人称代词的强调形式，不定人称代词one也有反身代词的形式。
人 称
单 数
复 数
第一人称
myself
ourselves
第二人称
yourself
yourselves
第三人称
himself
herself
itself
themselves
通 称
oneself
说明：反身代词有单数和复数之分，单数用词尾-self表示，复数用词尾-selves表示。
1.常见反身代词短语：look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顾自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自学enjoy oneself/have a good time玩得高兴，过得愉快help oneself to sth请自用……（随便吃/喝些……）hurt oneself摔伤自己say to oneself自言自语 lose oneself in 沉浸于，陶醉于……之中leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下Make yourself at home 请随便／不要拘束 (all) by oneself单独地
2.使用反身代词时要注意的几点：
⑴.反身代词本身不能单独作主语，例如：（错）Myself drove the car. （对）I myself drove the car.我自己开车。
但在and, or, nor连接的并列主语中，第二个主语可用反身代词，特别是用myself 作主语时。例如：Charles and myself saw it. 查尔斯和我自己看到了那东西。
⑵.反身代词没有所有格形式，可以用“物主代词 + own”来表示其所有格的含义。例如：I’d like to have my own car.我想有一部自己的车。Please retell the story, using your own words.请用你自己的话来复述这篇故事。
四、不定代词:
不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词叫做不定代词。常用不定代词有：some，any，all，none，both，either，either，each，every，other，another，much，many，few，little，one等。下面列举部分不定代词的用法比较：
1.some, any：
⑴ some通常用于肯定句。例如：
① 用作形容词：There are some people in the room. 房间里有一些人。
I want some bread and some eggs. 我想要一些面包和几只鸡蛋。
② 用作代词：Some of our friends can’t come. 我们有几个朋友不能来。Some are healthy and some aren’t. 有些人健康，而有些人则不然。
⑵ any通常用于否定句、一般疑问句和条件句。例如：① 用作形容词：There isn’t any water left. 一点水都没剩下。Do you know any French? 你懂法语吗？If you need any help, just let me know. 如果你需要帮助，就尽管说。
② 用作代词：I can’t give you any. 我什么也不能给你。Did you see any of the teachers? 你有没有见到几位老师？If there is any left, please give me some. 假如还有剩的，就请给我几个。
⑶ 如果一般疑问句用来表示邀请、请求，或是期待对方的肯定回答，就要用some。例如：Would you like some milk in your tea? 你要不要在茶里加点牛奶？Isn’t these some meat in the fridge? 冰箱里难道没有肉吗？
2. all, both; any, either：
⑴ all表示“（三者或更多者）都……”，both表示“（两者）都……”。例如： All these problems must be solved. 所有这些问题都必须解决。Both her parents are doctors. 她的父母都是医生。
both… and 用作连词，意思是“既……又；不但……而且”，相当于not only… but also。例如：Both you and I were wrong. 你和我都错了。He can speak both English and French. 他既会讲英语，又会讲法语。
both… and的反义词是neither… nor。请比较：Both he and his brother are at home. 他和他弟弟都在家。
Neither he nor his brother is at home. 他和弟弟都不在家。
⑵ any表示“（三者或更多者中）任何一个，无论哪一个”，either表示“（两者中）任何一个，随便哪一个”。它们都用于肯定句中，通常与单数可数名词连用。例如：You can borrow any book on the shelf. 书架上的任何一本书你都可以借Choose either book, not both. 两本书中你任选一本，而不可两本都选。
3. neither, none, no one：
⑴ neither表示“（两者）都不的；（两者中）没有一个”。例如：Neither of the twins likes dark green. 这对孪生儿谁也不喜欢深绿色。
⑵ none和no one都表示“（三者或更多者中）谁也不；一个也不”，但用法上稍有不同。no one与nobody同义，只用来指人，其后一般不跟of短语。例如：Everyone is here; no one is away. 大家都在这里，一个人也不少。I found no one in the room. 我发现房间里空无一人。
none既可指人又可指物，通常后接of短语。None用作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可。例如：None of us want(s) to go, but we have to. 我们谁也不想去，但又不得不去。I have read none of his books. 他的书我一本也没读过。
4. another, other(s), the other(s)
⑴ another既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如：I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。
⑵ other为泛指，用作形容词时意思是“其他的；别的”。例如： Have you got any other questions? 你（们）还有什么问题吗？I have many other things to do. 我有许多别的事要做。
other用作代词时通常用复数形式others，意思是“其他人，别人；其他物”。例如：You should be kind to others. 你对他人要亲切。Some people like milk; others do not. 有的人喜欢牛奶，有的人不喜欢。
⑶ the other为特指，指两个人或物中的一个。后接复数名词the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。例如：Now open the other eye. 现在请睁开另一只眼睛。I found one shoe but I can’t see the other one. 我找到了一只鞋，但另一只鞋没看到。Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home.两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。
5. each, every：
⑴ each可指两个或两个以上中间的每一个，而every只可指三个或三个以上中间的每一个，不能指两个中每一个。例如：Each student studies in his or her own way. 每一个学生都以自己的方式学习。There is a fruit shop on each/either side of the street. (= … on both sides of the street.) 街的两边各有一家水果店。We want every child to be happy. (every child = all the children) 我们希望所有的孩子都幸福。
⑵ each可作代词和形容词，而every只能用作形容词，如可以说each of these dictionaries或each one of these dictionaries, 但不能说every of these dictionaries, 该用every one of these dictionaries。
注意：Each of us has a map．/ We each have a map．我们每人都有一张地图。
6. (a) few, (a) little：这四个词的含义见下表：
否定意义
肯定意义
用于可数名词
few 没几个；几乎没有
a few 有几个；有一些
用于不可数名词
little 没多少；几乎没有
a little 有一点；有一些
⑴ few, a few用法举例：
① 用作形容词：He has very few friends here. 他在这里几乎没有朋友。He asked us a few questions.他问了我
们几个问题。
② 用作代词：Few of the children noticed the time passing. 孩子当中很少有人注意到时间在流逝。There are only a few left in the bag. 口袋里只剩下几个了。
③ quite/not a few用于口语，意思是“相当多的”。例如：Quite a few (people) went to the game.不少人都去看比赛了。
⑵ little, a little用法举例：
① 用作形容词：We had little rain all summer this year. 今年夏天雨水很少。I need a little more time to finish this. 要做完这件事我还需要一些时间。
② 用作代词：He knows a little about China. 他对中国略有了解。
③ a little / a bit还可以用作副词，意思是“稍微，稍稍”，常与比较级连用。例如：The coat is a little too short for me. 这件外衣我穿有一点短了。Can’t you walk a little faster? 你不能走快一点吗？
⑶a little，a bit区别：
① 两者都可放在形容词之前用作程度状语，表示“有点”。例如：He is a bit /a little tired. 他有点儿累了。These boxes are a bit /a little heavy. 这些箱子重了点。
② a little可直接用于不可数名词前作定语，但 a bit 却不能，它用于不可数名词之前时应先接介词 of。如：
He may need a bit of / a little help. 他也许需要点帮助。He knows a bit of / a little French. 他懂一点点法语。
③ not a little, not a bit:
not a bit= not at all意思是“一点儿也不”例如：Do you mind if i smoke here? Not a bit. Do, please.
not a little= very(much)意思是"非常"、"很"、"许多"。例如：I am so sorry to give you not a little trouble. 真抱歉给你添了这么多麻烦。It’s not a little hot today.今天非常热。
7. it, one, ones, that, those的区别用法：
⑴.替代泛指的单数名词，通常用one。替代泛指的复数名词，通常用ones。如：I lost my old camera; this is a new one. 我的旧相机丢了，这是一架新的。Did you get a ticket? Yes，I managed to get one.你搞到票了吗?是的，我设法搞到了一张。Green apples often taste better than red ones. 青苹果往往比红苹果好吃。
⑵.替代特指的单数名词，可用 it， that， the one。替代特指的复数名词，通常用the ones。如：Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.别买那价钱贵的苹果，买那便宜的。
⑶.it，that，the one区别：
① one只能代替可数名词，复数形式ones；而that 代替不可数名词也可代替可数名词，复数形式those。例如：There are a lot of apples in the basket, please pick out the rotten ones. The weather in Beijing is colder than that in shanghai. Our rules are quite from those of other organizations
② it与 that 的区别是：表示同一事物时，用it；表示同类事物时，用 that 或 the one。例如：The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it.这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。（it 在此指前面提到的 the weather）
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。（that 在此指代的天气与前面提到的天气为同类
③ 替代事物时，三者均可用；替代人时，只能用 the one。如：Who is her husband?—The one by the window.
哪位是她的丈夫？窗户边的那一位。
注意：当要替代性别不明的婴儿时可用 it。
④ one的定语除了前置的形容词、指示代词this ,that 外，还有后置的形容词、从句或短语；而that不能有前置修饰语,一般是后置的短语、分词或定语从句。例如：This bag is too small. Please give me a bigger one. This school is the one that we visited last week. The air in the countryside is fresher than that in cities. The population of China is much larger than that of Japan. 中国人口比日本人口多得多。
8. none，no one，nothing，nobody的区别用法：
⑴ no one =nobody:：① 不与of连用；② 谓语动词用单数；③ 只能指人，但不具体指什么人；④一般用来回答who,及含 anyone, anybody引起的疑问句。如：No one like a person with bad manners. Is there anyone in the room? No one.
Who is in the room? No one.
⑵ none:：① 可与of连用；② 谓语动词用单或复数；③指人或物；④ 一般用来回答how many +n, how much +n及含any + n引起的疑问句。例如：None of us have/has seen him. How many students are there in the room? None.
Is there any water in the thermos? None. How much money do you have on you? None.
⑶ nothing:：① 指物；② 谓语用单数；③ 一般用来回答含anything的一般问句及what引起的特殊问句。例如：What is in the box? Nothing. Is there anything in the sky? Nothing. Can you see anything without glasses? Nothing.
五、指示代词:
指示代词有this，that，these，those四个，其区别是：
1.近指代词和远指代词 this（包括其复数形式 these），是近指代词。指时间或空间上 较近的人及事物。that（包括其复数形式 those），是远指代词。指时间或空间上较远的人及事物。例如：This is Mr. Smith and that is Mr. Black. 这位是史密斯先生，那位是布莱克先生。These are pears and those are apples. 这些是梨，那些是苹果。
2. that those 常用来代替前面出现的人或物,以避免重复. that代替可数名词的单数或不可数名词. those 代替复数名词. The weather in Shanghai is not so cold as that in Beijing. 上海的天气没像北京那么冷。The radios made in Tianjin are as good as those made in Shanghai. 天津产的收音机和上海产的收音机一样好。
The weather in Guangdong is hotter than _____ in Qinghai. 答案：B
The books in that shop are cheaper than ______in this shop. 答案：D
A. this B. that C. one D. those
3. 把某人介绍给第三者时，常使用“This is...”这一句型，其中this不能换成he或she。例如：Jim, this is my teacher, Mr. Black.吉姆，这是我的老师，布莱克先生。
4. 打电话，向对方介绍自己时要用“This is...”。询问或确认对方是哪一位时，可以说“Who's that? ”你是谁？或 “Is that...？是……吗？”。例如：This is Kate. Who's that? 我是凯特，你是谁？This is Jim. 我是吉姆。
总之，打电话时习惯用this指代自己，用 that 指代对方。
5. this ,that 可代替句子或句子的一个部分,that代替前面提到的句子而this代替下面提到的句子. He had a bad cold, That is why he didn’t come.
六、疑问代词:
Who
whom
whose
which
what
谁（主格）
谁（宾格）
谁的
哪个，哪些
什么
疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句，它们在句中充当主语，表语，宾语，定语
当疑问代词作介词宾语时，可以将介词提前到句首。
1、Who和what
Who问姓名或与回答人的关系，前面可以用物主代词。What“是做什么的”问职业，前面用”a/ an”
Who is the girl? She is my sister.
What is the girl? She is a singer.
2、which 和what
Which指“哪个，哪些”有选择的范围。what没有范围供选择。
What newspaper do you want? 你要什么报纸？
Which do you like best of the three? 三个当中你最喜欢哪一个？
【考题分析】
1． Miss Brown will teach ________ English next term.
A. us B. we C. our D. ours
分析: teach 是及物动词后面带宾语，因此应该用代词的宾格。答案:B
2．______ are League members.
A. He and me B. I and he C. He and I D. Me and he
分析: 从句子结构来看空格处应填主语所以要填主格，按英语的习惯在并列主语中，I总是放在最后。答案:C
3．We are in a hurry, so we can’t look after ________.
A. they B. their C. theirs D. them
分析:look after 是一个短语动词，其中的after是介词，需要接宾格形式。另外，我们也可以把look after看作是一个及物动词，其后面也应该接宾格形式。答案:D
4．“Look at that bike,” he said to his brother. “Isn’t it one of ______?”
A. our’s B. ours’ C. ours D. our
分析:在“one of + ?”结构中要用名词性物主代词，根据前文，它相当于“a bike of ours”。答案:C
5. Would you please give _____? A him it B it him C to him it D it to him
分析:英语中，当直接宾语（人）与间接宾语（物）都用人称代词时，一定要先讲间接宾语（物）后讲直接宾语（人），而且要在直接宾语（人）前加上介词“to”。 所以本题答案应该选“D”。
6. She always thinks of ____ more than ____.
A others, her B the others, she C others, herself D the others, herself
分析:在英语中，“别人”属于“泛指”，应译为“others”。后半句是介词“of”的宾语。由于这里的“她”与主语的“她”是属于同一个人，因此不能用人称代词宾格作宾语，要用反身代词作宾语才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
7. Some people like watching the sports news, ____ prefer TV series.
A the others B the other C others D another
分析:在英语中，“一些……，另一些……”有两种译法：“Some …, the others …”是属于“非此即彼”的两部分情况，而“Some …, others …”是指有第三部分的情况存在。本题意为“一部分人喜欢看体育消息，而另一部分人比较欣赏电视剧”，显然还有其他人喜欢其他的内容，所以本题答案应该选“C”。
8. The light in the room was too poor for _____ to see it clearly.
A everyone B someone C anyone D none
分析:英语中，“too … to”意为“太……而不能”，具有否定的含义。因此，“for sb.”中应该选运用在否定句中的“anyone”才对。所以本题答案应该选“C”。
9.____the fuel here is from foreign countries, so we must make full use of it.
A Some B Much C The most of D Most of
分析:带有定冠词“the”的名词前，应该用代词词组：“some of”（意为“其中一些”）、“much of”（意为“其中许多”）、“most of”（意为“其中大多数”）……等。“the most of”（意为“其中最多的”）在本句中的译法欠妥，所以本题答案应该选:D。
10. Can you call on my mother on Saturday or Sunday? I’m afraid _ day is possible
A either B each C both D neither
分析:意为“两者都不”、“none”或“no one”意为“三者以上都不”、“either”意为“两者之一”、“one”意为“三者以上之一”、“between”意为“两者之间”、“among”意为“三者以上之间”。根据本题句意，答句应该是说“我恐怕没有一天能行”， 所以本题答案应该选“D”。
11. There are three bathrooms in the house. One is upstairs, ___ two are downstairs.
A other B the other C others D the others
分析:在英语中，“另两个”的译法有多种：“the other two”、“the others”、“the rest”。由于本句中讲到三间浴室，“另两间”的说法应该是“确指”的，因此，必须有定冠词“the”。又由于后句已经写了“two”，因此这里要选作形容词用的“other”。 所以本题答案应该选:B
12. The dishes on Table One are much fewer than _____ on Table Two.
A that B those C dishes D /
分析:要注意所比较的两个对象具有对称性：这句是“the dishes on Table One”（一桌上的菜）和“the dishes on Table Two”（二桌上的菜）作比较，因此后半句中的“菜”字不能省略。“that”与“those”是比较级句中的专用代词。由于该句中所比较的对象是复数，因此，要用“those”来代替前面的名词。所以本题答案应该选:B
13. There are more people in this room than _____ in that one.
A that B those C people D /
分析:要注意在“There is …”或“There are …”的比较级句型中，习惯上不用上题所讲到的专用代词。所以本题答案应该选:D
14. She took her dog with __ and talked to ___. There was nobody else next to her.
A. herself, her B. her, herself C. her, her D. herself, herself
分析:take sth with sb意思是“随身带”，指代很明确，不需要强调。但是，后半句如果用her，则可能理解为她与别人谈话，与第二句的意思不符。此时只能用反身代词herself表示“自言自语”。答案: B
15. Yesterday I saw ______ enjoy _____ at the party.
A. her, hers B. they, them C. she, herself D. them, themselves
分析:根据句意，第一空要填人称代词宾格，第二空要填反身代词，正好构成enjoy themselves（玩得愉快）答案:D
16. She began to learn French all by herself last year. She began to _____ _____ French last year.
分析:learn French all by herself意思是“自学法语”，另一种说法是teach herself French。答案:teach herself
17. Which sweater do you prefer, the yellow one or the pink one? _____. I like a light blue one. A. Either B. Both C. Any D. Neither
分析:本题最后一句是做题的关键。最后一句表示要light blue one，说明在问句中提到的yellow one和pink one都是不要的。答案 D
18. Lisa made ______ mistake in her math exam.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
分析:本题中，mistake是可数名词，初看题目似乎没有一个选项是可选的。但是，如果我们选择B，那么，a little mistake（一个小错误）的意思就非常清楚了，其中的a little不是“一些”的意思。请比较以下两个短语的意思：a little water 一些水（a little修饰water）a little girl 一个小女孩 答案:B
【巩固练习】
一、根据句意用适当的人称代词、物主代词或反身代词填空：
1. Mary works in a book store. likes work very much.
2. Nobody taught . She learned it all by .
3. Please help to the fruit, my friends!
4. John and I are in the same school. go to school together.
5. Everybody likes that sport, do ?
6. She is a friend of . We got to know each other two years ago.
7. This little boy is not old enough to dress .
8. Her sister makes all own dresses.
9. I have many friends. Some of are good at English.
10. May I use bike? is being repairing.
11. —Have you finished your homework?
— Yes, I finished _____ just now.
12. Everybody is here except Ann and____ friend Jane. ____ are in the library now.
13. The poor boy cut ________ when ________ was peeling an apple.
14. ________ is important to protect our environment.
15. I’d like to do the cooking ______ because I enjoy ______ own cooking.
二、用所给代词的适当形式填空
1. This is not my pencil-box. _______（I）is in the bag.
2. Trees are planted in ______（ we ）country every year， which makes our
country more and more beautiful.
3. —Is that bike Miss Gao’s？
—Yes，it is ______（she）
4. Help ______（you）to some fruit，Jack.
5. —Who taught your brother to surf？
—Nobody. He learnt all by _______（he）。
6. Their English teacher is from America，but ______（we）is from England.
7. Mary’s answer is different from ________（I）。
8. —My watch keeps good time. What about _______（you）？
—Mine？ Oh，two minutes slow.
9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with ______（he）？
10. Did you enjoy _______（you），Mary and Kate？
三、选择填空:
1. Who’s singing over there? ____ is Sandy’s sister.
A. That B. It C. She D. This
2. ________ will spend the summer holiday in Hawaii.
A. She, you and I B. You, she and I C. I, you and she D. Her, me and you
3. Between you and _____, he is not a real friend.
A. me B. I C. he D. his
4. My uncle bought a new bike for ______.
A. theirs B.they C. me D. I
5. Mr. Smith often praises ___ for his progress in studies.
A. he B. him C. I D. me
6. —Here’s a postcard for you, Jim!
— Oh, _____ is from my friend, Mary.
A. he B. it C. she D. it’s
7. Don’t shake the young tree. ___ leaves are falling off. You should look after ___.
A. It, it’s B. It’s, it C. Its, it D. It, it
8. Little Baby knows that he should not take the things that do not belong to ____.
A. he B. his C. her D. him
9. Did you enjoy ______ last night, Lucy and Lily?
A. yourselves B. yourself C. you D. your time
10. Among those lovely toys, the brown toy dog was given by ________.
A. he B. his C. him D. he’s
11. — Hi, Judy. — Hi, Jason. Come in. Make ______ at home.
A. yourself B. us C. yourselves D. you
12. Mum often warns the boy ____ swim _____ in the sea because it’s dangerous.
A. don’t, alone B. not, by himself C. not to, by himself D. not to, lonely
13. Her parents _____ school teachers.
A. all are B. are all C. are both D. both are
14. Yesterday I saw ____ enjoy ____ in the park.
A. her, hers B. they, them C. She, herself D. them, themselves
15. It was not good for the mother to leave her little son all by ______.
A. yourself B. himself C. herself D. itself
16. Have you seen the three apples on the table? You can take ______ of them.
A. the one B. something C. anything D. any
17. The boys thought ___ easy to win the football match and they deserved to lose.
A. this B. that C. / D. it
18. Your sweater is different from ______, so I want ______, too.
A. mine, it B. mine, one C. my, one D. my, it
19. These trousers don’t fit me. ______ are too long and ______ are too short.
A. Some, others B. Some, the others C. These, those D. These, the other
20. There are __ ways of doing that. Why not try ___?
A. some, one B. another, it C. other, another D. no, the other
21. ______ is three plus four? — ______ seven.
A. How many, They are B. What number, It’s
C. How much, They are D. What, It is
22. We all know James Herriot was a famous doctor for animals, but __of us remember when he was born.
A. few B. a few C. little D. a little
23. Wherever you live, you should do ______ around your neighborhood.
A. anything possible B. impossible something
C. something possible D. impossible anything
24. How many bananas do you have in your basket? — ______.
A. Neither B. No one C. Nothing D. None
25. China is larger than ______ country in Asia.
A. any B. any other C. all the D. some
四、选词填空：
A. another, other, others, the other, the others
1. I only found Jim and Tom there. Where are ?
2. Of these three girls one comes from China and two come from Japan.
3. This sweater is a little too big for me. Can I try on ?
4. Some like black tea, prefer green tea.
5. I don’t like these colors. Show me some , please.
6. Have you any books on this subject?
7. Saying is one thing and doing is .
8. It is always hard to tell the twins one from .
B. few, a few, little, a little
1. There is a little bird in the tree, but only ______ people saw it.
2. Could I have words with you, Miss White?
3. We don’t like him, because he does for other people.
4. He has friends here and he seldom goes out on weekend.
5. She read and wrote even less.
6. There is only water in the pot.
7. Quite of them have been to the Great Wall.
8. Tell me about your illness.
C. neither, none, either
1. I know of the two students.
2. I only know these writers by name, and I have read of their books.
3. He doesn’t agree with of his parents on many things.
4. I tried on two dresses, but fitted me well.
D. one, the one, ones, one’s
1. These shirts are too small. I want to have some bigger .
2. Which boy is your son? — in a red cap.
3. The first question is you have thought of before.
4. You are of the lucky .
5. has to do best.
6. I have only one small flower on my desk and she has three big .
参考答案：
一、
1. She, her 2. her, herself 3. yourselves 4. We 5. they 6. mine 7. himself 8. her
9. them 10. your, Mine 11. it 12. her, They 13. himself, he 14. It 15. myself, my
二、
1.Mine 2.our 3.hers 4.yourself 5.himself 6.ours 7.mine 8.yours 9.him 10.yourselves
三、
1—5 BBACB 6—10 BCDAC 11—15 ACCDB 16—20 DDBBA 21—25 DACDB
四、
A.
1. the others 2.the other 3. another 4. others 5. others 6. other 7. another 8. the other
B.
1. a few 2. a few 3. little 4. few 5. little 6. a little 7. a few 8. a little
C.
1. neither 2. none 3. either 4. neither D.1. ones 2.The one 3. the one 4. one, ones
5. One, one’s 6. ones
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