冠 词
【要点提示】
冠词与名词的搭配如下：
冠词
可数名词单数
可数名词复数
不可数名词
a(n)
book
/
/
the
book
books
bread
不用冠词
/
books
bread
一、不定冠词a和an（a用在辅音音素之前，an用于元音音素之前）
1. 表示“一个人或事物”，但不像one侧重数的概念，有时可不译出。如：There is an apple.
2. 泛指某类人或事物。如：A sheep eats grass.
3. 表示首次提到的人或事物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：A girl is waiting for you outside.
4. 表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。如：Take the medicine three times a day.
【巧记】
不定冠词有a / an , 单数名词前面站，开头读音若是元，要把an来挑选，辅音开头就用a, 仔细辨别莫用错。
二、定冠词the
1. 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。如：I like the clothes.
2. 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。如：Open the door, please.
3. 上文提到过的人或事物。如：
Yesterday Tom’s father bought him a new computer. The computer cost him 3,500 yuan.
4. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。如：The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.
5. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。如：January is the first month of a year.
6. 用在方位名词和西洋乐器名词前。如：
He lives in the south of the city.
My sister plays the piano very well.
7. 用在某些形容词前，表示某一类人或事物。如：
The nurse is kind to the sick.
8. 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。如：
the Great Wall, in the morning
9. 用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”或“某某夫妇”。如：the Whites, the Browns
【巧记】
特指双方熟悉，上文已经提及，世上独一无二，方位名词乐器，某些专有名词，外加复数姓氏，序数词最高级，习惯用语特殊记。
三、不用冠词的情况
1. 某些抽象名词和物质名词前。如：Fish can’t live without water.
2. 名词前有不定代词或形容词性物主代词修饰时。如：I have some questions to ask you.
3. 复数名词表示一类人或事物时。如：Students should study hard.
4. 称呼语以及表示头衔和职务的名词前。如：
I don’t feel well today, Mum.
5. 三餐、球类运动、学科和节日名词前。如：He often plays football after supper.
6. 星期、月份、季节前一般不用冠词。如：on Monday, in October, in spring
7. 某些固定短语中。如：at night, by air, from morning till night
【巧记】
下列情况不用冠，名词之前代词限；复数名词表泛指，球类学科及三餐；抽象名词不可数，星期月份季节前；交通手段和节日，习语称谓及头衔。
【冠词专练】
Ⅰ. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
( )1. On _______day when he was eighteen, he joined________ army.
A. a, a B. an, the C. the, the D. the, 不填
( )2. ________Great Wall is famous in________ world.
A. 不填, the B. 不填, a C. The, the D. The, 不填
( )3. __________young must look after_____________ old.
A. The, a B. The, the C. A, a D. A, the
( )4. There’s _________“h” in the word “hour”.
A. a B. the C. an D. 不填
( )5. The Changjiang River is _________ longest river in _________ China.
A. the, 不填 B. 不填, 不填 C. the, the D. the, a
( )6. ___________number of students have gone to Shanghai.
A. 不填 B. The C. A D. An
( )7. London is __________capital of__________ England.
A. a, the B. a, a C. the, the D. the, 不填
( )8. —May I open __________bag, sir?
—Of course, but it’s full of__________ dirty clothes.
A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; 不填 D. a; 不填
( )9. As the bridge is broken, people have to cross the river by__________ boat.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
( )10. Sam sells ___________ pictures every day, and all ___________pictures in his shop are very cheap.
A. 不填, the B. 不填, 不填 C. the,不填 D. the, the
Ⅱ. 请根据句意填入适当的冠词，不需要的地方划 “/”。
1. _____________ Greens are on ______________visit to a beautiful city in China.
2. After school I usually play_________ piano for about _________ hour.
3. Henry’s father died in _____________ autumn of 1999.
4. ___________woman over there is ___________popular teacher in our school.
5. ___________ old lady with white hair spoke___________ English well at ___________meeting.
Ⅲ. 请在下面短文的空白处填入适当的冠词。
On (1)_______________ cold morning, I went into (2)_____________ big sports shop because I wanted (3)_________________ sports bag.
(4)_________________ assistant came up to me, and I told him what I wanted. (5)_________________ assistant brought me three different bags. I chose (6) _______________smallest one and paid for it.
(7)__________ assistant put (8) ___________ bag in (9)__________ large plastic bag for me and then I left (10) _____________ shop.
参考答案
冠词专练
Ⅰ. 1-5 CCBCA 6-10 CDADA
Ⅱ. 1. The, a 2. the, an 3. the 4. The, a
5. The, / , the
Ⅲ. 1. a 2. a 3. a 4. An 5. The 6. the 7. The
8. the 9. a 10. the
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