主谓一致
【要点提示】
所谓主谓一致，主要是指主语和谓语动词在“人称”和“数”上的一致，其基本原则有三个：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和邻近原则。下面就初中阶段需要掌握的重点内容作一归纳。
1. 主语是单数，即使后面跟with， except， as well as等引导的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。例如：
Mr Green with two students is standing outside the classroom.
2. each以及由every, some, any, no等构成的不定代词在句中作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。例如：
Each of the children has an apple.
Everything begins to grow fast in spring.
3. 动词不定式（短语）、v-ing形式（短语）等在句中作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：
To do is much more difficult than to say.
Climbing hills is his hobby.
4. 表示时间、金钱、长度等的短语作主语表示整体时，谓语动词常用单数形式。例如：
Three years has already passed.
5. “one of + 复数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。例如：
One of the students was hurt in the accident.
6. family， class， police等集体名词作主语表示整体概念时，谓语动词用单数形式；若表示具体成员时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
His family is moving next month.
His family enjoy watching the football match.
★但是people一词在表示“人”时，总是表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Look! Three American people are playing with the dog.
7. 由and连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式；但如果表示的是一种事物或一个概念时，谓语动词则用单数形式。例如：
His mother and his sister are good at dancing.
The teacher and writer is the twins’ father.
8. “some / all / half / most / the rest / 分数等 + of + 名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of 后的名词或代词的数。例如：
Half of the milk was polluted.
The rest of the doctors are all from Canada.
9. what, who 等疑问代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。但是，如果说话人确信回答中要用复数主语（尤其是问句中的某些词语表明答句中要用复数主语时），则可用动词的复数形式。例如：
What’s in the box?
Who have not received their postcards?
10. “... pair(s) / kind(s) / sort(s)等 + of + 名词”
作主语时，谓语动词常与pair(s) / kind(s) / sort(s)等保持一致。例如：
This kind of book is interesting.
These kinds of books are sold well.
11. “none / neither / either + of + 复数名词 / 代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单、复数形式均可。例如：
Neither of them are / is welcome.
12. either ... or ... / neither ... nor ... / ... or ... / not only ... but also ...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词一般和与之靠近的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即采用邻近原则。there be句型中的谓语动词的数也常采用该原则。例如：
Either you or he has to stay at home.
Has Lucy or you called me?
★但是both ... and ...连接并列主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。例如：
Both he and she are good at English.
【专项练习】
Ⅰ. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。
( )1. —Do you live alone, Mr Chen?
—Yes, __________ of my children lives with me.
A. neither B. both C. all D. nothing
( )2. To me, fifty yuan __________ enough.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
( )3. Two thirds of the birds in the forest __________ killed by people last year.
A. were B. was
C. has been D. had been
( )4. Tom with other boys __________ to watch the game.
A. want B. wants
C. had wanted D. have wanted
( )5. Doing eye exercises every day __________ good for your eyes.
A. are B. is C. has D. have
( )6. His family __________ all very kind and friendly.
His family__________ a happy one.
A. are; is B. is; is C. are; are D. is; are
( )7. One of the books __________ written by a policeman.
A. was B. are
C. were D. be
( )8. Either you or he __________ the chance to drive to Beijing.
A. is B. are C. have D. has
( )9. — __________ this pair of shoes your father’s?
—No. They __________ my brother’s.
A. Are; is B. Are; are
C. Is; are D. Is; is
( )10. —__________ someone coming this evening?
—I’m not sure.
A. Was B. Is C. Are D. Were
Ⅱ. 下列各句带下划线部分中有一处错误，请找出并改正。
1. The number of the students are 50. ________________
2. Physics seem easy for him. ________________
3. Are there anything interesting in today’s newspaper? ______________
4. Most of the water are clean in the countryside. _________________
5. Both Tom and I was students at that time. _____________________
参考答案
主谓一致专项练习
Ⅰ. 1-5 ACABB 6-10 AADCB
Ⅱ. 1. are→is 2. seem→seems 3. Are→Is 4. are→is
5. was→were
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