山东省泰安市肥城市第三中学高中英语 Unit 1 Women of achievement语法学案 新人教版必修4
教学内容
Learning aims:
To master some sentence patterns
To msater the usage of 主谓一致
Learning key points: To master some sentence patterns
Learning difficult points:
To msater the usage of主谓一致
【学案使用说明】在提前预习的前提下完成
学习指导即时感悟
【回顾复习】
Check the home work (have a dictation of the language points)
【自主 合作 探究】
一.概念:
主谓一致是指:
1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。
2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。
3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,
二.相关知识点精讲
1.并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:
Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。
注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:
The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。
The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.
A. is B. was C. are D. were
2. 主谓一致中的就近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:
There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk.
There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class
2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:
Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。
Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。
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3.谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:
The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。
He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。
4. 谓语需用单数的情况
1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:
Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。
There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。
2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:
The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。
3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:
Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。
Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。
5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:
All is right. 一切顺利。
All are present. 人都到齐了。
2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如:
His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。
His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。
但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如:
Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗?
3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:
A number of +名词复数+复数动词。
The number of +名词复数+单数动词。
A number of books have lent out.
The majority of the students like English.
6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况
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1)用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:
Most of his money is spent on books.
Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.
2)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:
Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。
More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。
【当堂达标】
1. The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons.
A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, were
2. E-mail, as well as telephones, ________ an important part in daily communication.
A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. play
3. ______ of the land in that district ______ covered with trees and grass.
A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, areC. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are 4. Ten minutes ______ a long time for one who waits.
A. seem B. seems C. seemed D. are seemed
5. Eric is the only one of the boys who _____ a driving license.
A. has B. have C. is having D. are having’
6. Joy and Sorrow _____ next-door neighbours.
A. is B. are C. were D. be
7. In my opinion, some of the news _____ unbelievable.
A. are B. is C. has been D. have been
8. When ______ the United Nations founded?
A. is B. are C. was D. were
9. Every possible means _____ .
A. has tried B. has been tried C. was tried D. were tried
10. What she says and does _____ nothing to do with me.
A. was B. were C. has D. have
11. There _____ a dictionary and several books on the desk.
A. are B. must C. have been D. is
12. Nobody ______ seen the film. It’s a pity.
A. but Tom and Jack have B. except Tom and Jack have
C. but my friends has D. but I have
13. No teacher and no student ______.
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A. are admitted B. is admitted C. are admitting D. is admitting
14. All but one ______ here just now.
A. is B. was C. has been D. were
15. When and where to build the new factory _____ yet.
A. is not decided B. are not decidedC. has not decided D. have not decided
16. The writer and singer ______ here.
A. is B. are C. were D. do
17. As I have a meeting at four, ten minutes _____ all that I can spare to talk with you.
A. are B. was C. is D. were
18. In those days John with his classmates _____ kept busy preparing for the exam.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
19. —— ____ your clothes?
——No, mine _____ hanging over there.
A. Is it, is B. Are these, are C. Is it, are D. Are these, is
20. The Smith’s family, which ____ rather a large one, ____ very fond of their old houses.
A. were, were B. was, was C. were, was D. was, were
【反思提升】
【拓展延伸】
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