Unit 12 Life is full of the unexpected
词句精讲精练
【词汇精讲】
1. by the end of
by the end of意为“到……末为止”，其后只能接时间，可用于将来时或过去完成时。例如：
We’re going to finish it by the end of this week.
到本周末，我们将完成这项工作。
【拓展】
(1) at the end of意为“在……末端，在……尽头”，可以表示时间，也可以表示地点。例如：
at the end of January在一月底 （表示时间）
at the end of the street在街道末端（表示地点）
(2) in the end意为“最后，终于”，相当于at last，finally，其后不能接of短语。例如：
Our team beat theirs in the end. 最后，我们队战胜了他们队。
2. disappear
disappear 是动词，意为“消失，消散”。其反义词是appear, 意为“出现”。例如：
Don’t disappear again. 不要再突然消失了。
Some animals are disappearing because of hunting.
一些动物因滥捕而濒临灭绝。
A woman appeared at the end of the street.
一位妇女出现在街道的尽头。
3. go off
go off 意为“发出响声”。例如：
My alarm clock didn’t go off. 我的闹钟没有响。
The alarm went off. 警铃骤然响起。
【拓展】
（1）go off 还有“离开，出发”等意。例如：
Do go off the main road, or you’ll be lost.
不要离开大路，否则会迷路的。
（2）go off 还表示“变质”。例如：
This milk has gone off. 牛奶变坏了。
4. take off
take off意为“起飞”。例如：
When will the plane take off? 飞机什么时候起飞？
【拓展】
(1) take off还可作“脱下”讲，反义词组为put on，意为“穿上”。例如：
Put on your clothes. Don’t take them off. 把衣服穿上，别脱下。
(2) 常见的含有take的词组：
take turns轮流 take away拿走 take out拿出，取出
take over接手，接管 take notes 做笔记 take care当心，注意
take care of 照顾 take photos 照相 take it easy别紧张
5. oversleep
oversleep 意为“睡过头”，它的过去式和过去分词都是overslept。例如：
I overslept and missed the school bus. 我睡过了头，没赶上学校班车。
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【拓展】
某些词前缀over，表示“超过, 优越, 过度等”。
overage 过老的
overtime 超出时间的
overwork 过度工作
overdo 做得过分
I think the work is overdone. 我觉得这工作做过头了。
She overdressed herself today. 她今天打扮过头了。
6. leave
leave作动词，意为“离开(某处)”，常与for连用，后接要去的地方。leave的过去式和过去分词都是left。例如：
He is leaving for Beijing next week. 他下周打算离开去北京。
Mr. Smith left the room at two o’clock. 史密斯先生两点离开房间。
【拓展】
（1）leave还意为“离开(某人)的身边;离弃”。例如：
Her husband has left her. 她的丈夫把她遗弃了。
（2）动词短语leave something at/in ＋表示地点的名词，意为“把某物忘在某地”。例如：
I left my key at home. 我把钥匙忘在家里了。
Tom left his English book at school, so he didn’t do his homework.
汤姆把英语书落在学校了，所以没有做英语作业。
（3) leave还意为“听任,使处于某种状态”。例如：
He left the windows open. 他让窗子开着。
【辨析】
leave和forget
leave和forget两者都是动词，都含有“忘记” 的意思。表示把某物“落在某地方”用leave，如果无具体地点，则用forget。例如：
He said that he had left his book in the classroom.
他说他把书落在教室里了。
I never forget her. 我永远也忘不了她。
7. show up
show up动词短语，意为“出席，露面”。例如：
Most of people invited didn’t show up. 被邀请的人大部分还未到。
To my surprise, she failed to show up. 令我吃惊的是，她未能出席。
【拓展】
show的常用短语：
（1）show sb. around 带某人参观 例如：
I’ll show you around so that you can meet everyone.
我会带你到各处看看,好让你和大家见见面。
（2）show off 炫耀 例如：
Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.
那些男孩们老向女孩卖弄他们的运动技巧。
（3）show sb. sth. 把某物展示给某人看 例如：
My friend showed me a picture book.
我的朋友出示我一本漂亮的图册。
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（4）on show 陈列，展出 例如：
The photographs are on show at the museum until October.
照片在博物馆展出到十月。
8. keep
（1) keep用作及物动词，意为“保存；保留；保守”。例如：
Could you keep these letters for me, please?
你能替我保存这些信吗？
I’ll keep a seat for you. 我给你留个座位。
Can you keep a secret? 你能保守秘密吗？
（2) keep用作连系动词,后常接表语形容词，意为“保持处于某种状态”。 例如：
You must look after yourself and keep healthy.
你必须照顾好自己，保持身体健康。
She knew she must keep calm. 她知道她必须保持镇静。
（3）keep的常用句型：
1) keep doing sth. 意为 “继续干某事”，表示不间断地持续干某事，后须接延续性的动词。例如：
He kept working all day, because he wanted to finish the work on time.
他整天都在不停地工作，因为他想准时完成工作。
2）keep on doing sth. 意为“持续做某事”。 例如：
The pupil kept on asking me the same question.
这个学生不断地问我同一个问题。例如：
3) keep...from doing sth.意为“阻止/防止……做某事”。例如：
The heavy snow kept us from going out.
大雪阻止了我们出去。
【词汇精练】
I. 根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。
1. Set your alarm clock, and you won’t o_______.
2. When I got to school, I r _________I had left my backpack at home.
3. U__________, by the time I got there, the bus had already left.
4. L__________, my friend Tom and his dad came by in his dad’s car and they gave me a ride.
5. Sally i_________ me to her birthday party. It’s at her house on Saturday.
6. In 1938, a radio program a________ that aliens from Mars had landed on the earth.
7. Life is full of the u__________.
8. He was going to meet me earlier but he didn’t s______ up when I got there.
9. Jim d_________ and nobody heard of him.
10. I’m really e___________ to be laughed in public.
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1.I ______（stay）up last night and I am really ________now. ( exhaust )
2. I ______ (wait) for the bus when she called me.
3. I felt _______in that _______joke. ( embarrass )
4. Scientists have to read the________ information in science books.(late)
5. Do you know that your bike is _______ (break)?
6. Don’t ______ (foolish) anyone in your class, because none of them are fools.
7. My mother asked me to go the front door and check if it is _______ (lock).
8. She told me she _______(be) to Sanya.
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III. 选用同义词填空。
(1）用leave或forget的正确形式填空。
1. I _________ his address.
2. I _________ his address on the desk yesterday.
3. She mustn’t ________ the letter on the table.
4. He _______ telling her about it.
5. Would you like to _______ a message for him?
(2) 用whole或all填空。
6. The teacher said, “Forty is a ______ number.”
7. Her ______ homework was finished with the help of the teacher.
8. ______ her homework was finished with the help of the teacher.
9. He spent ______ the day doing the work.
10. He spent the ______day doing the work.
IV. 用方框内所给单词的适当形式完成句子。
realize, show up, close to, on time, break down, by the time
1. He was standing _______ the door.
2. I was waiting for the school bus but it didn’t come. Then I it was Saturday.
3. He was going to meet me earlier but he didn’t .
4. I started walking, but I knew I could not get to the factory_________.
5. On my way to work, my car________, so I had to ask for a ride.
6.________I got there, they had finished the work.
【参考答案】
I. 根据句意及首字母提示补全句子。
1. oversleep 2. realized/remembered 3. Unfortunately/Unluckily 4.Luckily 5. invites
6. announced 7. unexpected 8. show 9. disappeared 10. embarrassed
II. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. stayed, exhausted 2.was waiting 3. embarrassed, embarrassing
4. latest 5. broken 6.fool 7. locked 8.had been
III. 选用同义词填空。
1. forget 2. left 3. leave 4. forgot/forgets 5. leave
6. whole 7. whole 8. All 9. all 10. whole
IV. 用方框内所给单词的适当形式完成短文。
1. close to 2. realized 3. show up 4.on time 5.broke down 6.By the time
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【句式精讲】
1.Life is full of the unexpected.
be full of意为“充满”，相当于be filled with。例如：
The glass is full of water.=The glass is filled with water.
杯子里装满了水。
The classroom is full of different boys and girls.
教室里挤满了不同的男孩女孩。
2. And by the time I got up, my brother had already gotten in the shower.
（1）by the time的意思是“到……时间为止”，强调时间的截止，引导时间状语从句。By the time＋过去的时间，主句一般用过去完成时，表示在从句谓语动作前已经完成。例如：
By the time I got there, the bus had already left.
不晚于我到那里时，公共汽车已经开走了。
（2）当时间状语为by the end of last month/year/week时，主句也用过去完成时。例如：
By the end of last month we had learned 20 English songs.
到上一个月我们已经学习了20首英语歌曲。
【拓展】
（1）过去完成时的概念：
过去完成时表示一个动作或者状态在过去某一个时间或者动作之前已经完成或结束，也可以说是“过去的过去”。它的结构是：had＋动词的过去分词，had用于各种人称和数，即had没有人称和数的变化。
（2）过去完成时的否定和疑问句式：
过去完成时的否定句是在had的后面直接加not；过去完成时的一般疑问句是直接把had移到句首。它的肯定回答是：Yes, I had. 否定回答是：No, I hadn’t. 例如：
He hadn’t finished his homework before I came back.
在我回来之前，他没有完成作业。
—Had you finished your homework by the time your mother came back?
到你妈妈回来的时候，你完成你的家庭作业了吗？
—Yes，I had. 是的，完成了。
3. What happened to Dave on April Fool’s Day?
（1）happen是不及物动词，意思是“发生”，和动词短语take place是同义词。它们共同特点是： 都是不及物动词，没有被动语态形式；都是非延续性动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。它们的不同点是：happen是表示偶然性的、出乎意料之外的事情发生；take place表示必然性的发生或者计划、策划好的事情发生。例如：
What happened to you on the road yesterday?
昨天晚上你在路上发生什么事情？
Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.
自1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
(2) happen构成的动词短语有：happen to somebody 表示“(某事)发生在某人的身上”。happen to do something＝do something by accident 表示“偶然做某事”的意思。例如：
An accident happened to him after drinking too much.
他喝醉酒之后发生了一场事故。
I happened to meet your mother yesterday.
昨天我偶然遇见你的妈妈。
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4. Welles made it sound so real that hundreds of people believed the story …
so...that意思是“如此……以至于……”，中间用形容词或者副词，so修饰词形容词或副词，形容词后一般没有名词，that的后面是表示结果的状语从句。而同义短语such...that的中间有名词，such修饰此名词。例如：
Our teacher is so kind that all of us like him.
我们的老师是如此好心以至于我们都喜欢他。
He runs so fast that nobody in my class can catch up with him.
他跑得那么快，我们班没有人能追上他。
It is such an interesting film that all of us like it.
它是一部如此有兴趣的电影以至于我们都喜欢它。
He had such long arms that he could almost touch his knees.
他的胳膊很长，几乎就能够到他的膝盖。
【注意】
如果名词前的形容词是表示数量的few、little、many、much仍要用so修饰。例如：
There are so many people in the room that we could not get in.
房间里那么多的人，我们都进不去。
【拓展】
so that意思是“以便于、为了”，引导表示目的的状语从句。例如：
We got up early this morning so that we can catch the first bus.
我们今天早上起床很早是为了能赶上第一班公共汽车。
5. As I was waiting in line with other office workers, I heard…
as是连词，意为“当……时候”，引导时间状语从句，强调两个动作同时发生；或某事发生的过程中另一件事发生；或某事一发生，另一件事立即发生。例如：
We walked into the garden as the music stopped.
音乐声一停，我们就走进了花园。
【拓展】
as的用法颇多，现将所学的其他用法归纳如下：
(1) as作连词：
1) “像……一样、如……”，常用于比较状语从句或方式状语从句。例如：
I can’t run as fast as I used to. 我跑得不如过去那样快。
You must do everything as I do. 你必须按照我做的那样去做每件事。
2) “因为，既然”，引导原因状语从句。例如：
As we are both tired, let’s stop to have a rest.
既然我们都累了，让我们停下来休息会吧。
3) “正如，照……方法”，常引导非限制性定语从句。例如：
As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 众所周知，地球绕着太阳转。
(2) as作介词，意为“好像；作为、当作”。例如：
I work in Beijing as a guider 我在北京当导游。
【句式精练】
I. 根据汉语提示，用过去完成时，完成句子。
1.By ten yesterday evening,__________________（她完成了写作).
2.Before you borrowed the book, _______________________(你曾经读过它吗)?
3.She asked if ______________________________(刘先生已经离开).
4.__________________________(天已经停止下雨) when I woke up this morning.
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5. By the time I got back to school, _________________________（电话已经响了）.
6. When I got home,_______________________(我意识到我把我的钥匙落在车里了).
7. By the time I got home, _______________________(她已经睡了).
8. By the evening_________________________(消息已传遍全球).
II. 按要求完成下列句子。
1. The League was founded in Guangzhou in 1922．(对划线部分提问)
________ _______ ________ _______ the League________?
2. Kate looked after the baby well yesterday evening．(变为被动语态)
The baby________ _______ _______ well by Kate yesterday evening．
3. His sister had already read some books before she went to school. (改为否定句)
His sister ______ _____ _____ books ______ before she went to the school.
4. He has already had breakfast. (改为一般疑问句)
______he had breakfast________?
5. The story was very interesting. I could never forget it. (合并为一句)
The story was ________interesting__________ I could never forget it.
6. She said, “I have read the book.”(改为含宾语从句的复合句))
She said that _______ read the book.
7. She was too excited about the game. She stayed up very late. (合并为一句)
She was_________ _________ about the game __________she stayed up very late.
8. Has she visited the Great wall? I didn’t know. (改为含宾语从句的复合句)
I didn’t know ________she_________ _________the Great Wall.
III. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. 昨天他让我搭便车去长城。
He ______ _______ _______ _______in his car to the Great Wall.
2.不久我意识到自己犯了一个严重的错误。
I soon _______that I _______ _______a serious mistake.
3. 这本书是用简单的英语写成的，连初学者都能看懂。
The book is written ________ ________ _______ _______that beginners can understand it.
4. 我原以为他年纪大爬不到山顶，但最后他还是爬上去了。
I thought he would be______ _______ _______ get to the top of the mountain, but he _______ _______at last.
5. 他说他明天准时来，但他绝对做不到。
He says he’ll come______ _______, but he’ll never _______ it.
6. 他既不说英语，也不说法语。他说汉语。
He speaks _______English _______ French. He speaks Chinese.
7. 当我正在找那封信的时候，经理走进了办公室。
As I ________ _______ _______ the letter, the manager walked into the office.
8.昨天凯特的闹钟没有响。
Kate’s alarm clock didn’t________ ________ yesterday.
9. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。
______ New York ______ London have traffic problems.
IV. 补全对话。
根据对话内容，将方框内符合对话语境的句子抄写在对话空白处，使对话恢复完整，选项中有两项是多余的。
A: Where did you go last weekend?
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B: 1 .
A: But you told me you wouldn’t go there. You said it was dirty. 2
B: Er, you know, I didn’t want to go there first. But most of my friends went, so I went with them.
A: I see. 3
B: I told the old people something interesting around us.
A: 4
B: I had fun and felt happy.
A: 5 Next time, I’ll go with you.
That’s great.
How did you feel?
Who did you go with?
What did you do there?
Thank you.
I went to the old people’s home.
Why did you go there then?
【参考答案】
I. 根据汉语提示，用过去完成时，完成句子。
1. she had finished writing
2. had you ever read it
3. Mr. Liu had already left
4. It had already stopped raining
5. the bell had rang
6. I realized I had left my keys in the car
7. she had already gone to bed
8. the news had spread through the world
II. 按要求完成下列句子。
1. When and where was; founded 2. was 1ooked after 3. hadn’t read any, yet
4. Has, yet 5. so, that 6. she had 7.so excited，that 8. if/whether；had visited
III. 根据汉语提示，完成句子。
1. gave me a ride 2. realized, had made 3. in such easy English 4. too old to, made it
5. on time, make 6. neither, nor 7. was looking for 8.go off 9.Both，and
IV. 补全对话。
1. I went to the old people’s home.
2. Why did you go there then?
3. What did you do there?
4. How did you feel?
5. That’s great.
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