一、概说 名词性从句，即指性质相当于名词的从句，它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。从高考的考查的实际情况来看，名词性从句考得最多的是宾语从句，其次是主语从句，再次是表语从句，而同位语从句则很少考查。 二、名词性从句的一般引导词 1. 连接词 that 只起连接作用，没有任何意思，也不充当句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略，但引导其他名词性从句时通常不省略。如： I hope (that) you enjoy your holiday. 希望你假期过得好。 That he likes you is very obvious. 很显然他喜欢你。 2. 连接词 whether 也不充当句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引导宾语从句时，可换成 if，但引导其他名词性从句时不能换成 if。 He asked whether [if] I would show him the way. 他问我是否可以给他带路。 Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. 是否对我们有害还要看一看。(引导主语从句，不能用 if 代替 whether) 3. 连接代词 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。如： That’s why she wanted to leave. 这就是她想离开的原因。 When we arrive doesn't matter. 什么时候到没有关系。 Tell me which one you like best. 告诉我你最喜欢哪一个。 4. 连接副词 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意义，在从句中作状语。如： The question is how we should carry out the plan. 问题是怎样执行这个计划。 When she’ll be back depends much on the weather. 她什么时候回来在很大程度上要看天气。 Why he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 他为什么这样做将永远是一个谜。 三、名词性从句的重要引导词 1. what 用于引导名词性从句是一个十分重要的引导词，它可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句，但不用于引导同位语从句。它引导的名词性从句有两个意思是：一是表示“什么”，带有疑问意味；二是表示“…所…的”，相当于一个先行词后接一个关系代词。如： I don’t know what you want. 我不知道你想要什么。 I don’t know what you want is this. 我不知道你所想要的是这个。 2. what 引导名词性从句时可用作限定词，其后修饰名词。如： I gave him what books I had. 我把我所有的书都给他了。 He gave me what money he had about him. 他把身边带有的钱全给了我。 注：what 后的名词可以是复数名词或不可数名词，但通常不能是单数可数名词，并且后接不可数名词时，有时可有little修饰，两者的区别是：what+不可数名词=所有的都，what little+不可数名词=虽少但全部。如： What friends she has are out of the country. 她有的那些朋友全在国外。 We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。 3. whoever, whatever, whichever 等也可引导名词性从句，其意分别为“所…的一切事或东西”、“任何…的人”、““…的任可人或物”等。如： Whoever wants the book may have it. 任何人要这书都可拿去。 I’ll do whatever I can to help him. 我们将尽我们所能来挽救他。 Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。 注意以下受汉语意思影响而弄错的句子： 任何人来都欢迎。 误：Who comes will be welcome. / Anyone comes will be welcome. 正：Whoever comes will be welcome. / Anyone who comes will be welcome. 另外，它们也可引导让步状语从句，其意为“无论…”、“不管…”，其意相当于 no matter who [what, which]。如： Whatever happens, you must be calm. 不管发生什么情况，你都必须镇静。(whatever = no matter what) He won't eat you, whoever he is. 不管他是谁，他也不能把你吃掉。(whoever = no matter who) 注：whoever 既用作主格也用作宾语；作宾语时不宜用 whomever，因为在现代英语中 whomever 这个已几乎废弃不用。 4. why 与 because 的用法区别。两者均可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调的原因。如： I had a cold. That’s why I didn't come. 我感冒了，因此我没来。 I didn’t come. That’s because I had a cold. 我没有来，那是因为我感冒了。 五、名词性从句的语序 名词性从句的词序与陈述句语序相同，尤其注意那些由连接代词who(m), whose, which, what 和连接副词 when, where, why 等引导的名词性从句，不要受它们在特殊疑问句中用法的影响而误用疑问句词序。如： Why was she crying? 她为什么在哭？ I don’t know why he was crying. 我不知道她为什么哭。 六、名词性从句的时态问题 1. 当主句的谓语动词是过去式时，宾语从句若不是一个客观事实或真理，其谓语动词也必须用某种过去时态。如： She said that she didn't want to know. 她说她不想知道。 I asked her whether she would agree. 我问她是否会同意。 2. when, if 这两个词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导状语从句。当它们引导名词性从句且表示将来意义时，要直接使用将来时态；但当它们引导状语从句且表示将来意义时，则必须用一般现在时表示将来意义。如： I don’t know when he will come, but when he comes, I’ll call you. 我不知道他什么时候，但当他来的时候，我会打电话给你。 句中第一个when 引导的是宾语从句，故用将来时态表示将来意义；第二个when 引导的是时间状语从句，故用一般现在时表示将来意义。
练习与检测1. _____ we need more practice is quite clear. A. When B. What C. That D. /2. _____ I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business. A. If B. Whether C. Even if D. No matter when3. _____ knows the truth about it will tell you. A. Who that B. That C. Whoever D. That who4. _____ he is doing seems quite difficult. A. How B. That C. Which D. What5. _____ certain that his invention will lead to the development of production. A. That’s B. This is C. It’s D. What’s6. _____ that there is another good harvest this year. A. It says B. It is said C. It was said D. He was said7. _____ that she has received a doctor’s degree. A. It’s a splendid news B. This is a splendid news C. It’s splendid news D. This is splendid news8. It is strange _____. A. that no one should like this book B. that no one liked this book C. that why no one likes this book D. why no one likes this book9. It is suggested that the experiment _____ under low temperature. A. makes B. is make C. should be made D. will be made10. _____ still needs to be discussed. A. How is the plan to be carried out B. How the plan is to be carried out C. Why is the plan carried out D. Why the plan carried out11. _____ is unknown to us all. A. Where did she put it B. Where she put it C. That where she put it D. In which she put it12. _____ nothing to do with us. A. What he did is B. What he has done is C. What did he do has D. What he has done has13. That’s _____ the Party called on us to do. A. what B. that C. how D. why14. She looked _____ she were ten years younger. A. that B. like C. as D. as though15. The reason I have to go is _____ if I don’t. A. that she will be disappointed B. because she will be disappointed C. on account of her being disappointed D. that she will be disappointing16. It was _____ he worked hard that he succeeded. A. because B. since C. as D. for17. It seemed that the girl _____. A. had lost important something B. had lost something important C. lost important things D. lost something important18. The fact _____ he is an advanced worker is well known. A. what B. which C. that D. why19. The fact _____ in the past few years proves that our Party’s policy is correct. A. that great achievement was made B. which great achievements were made C. what have been made D. that great achievements have been made20. I have no idea _____. A. what does the word “infinity” mean B. what the word “infinity” means C. what the meaning of the word “infinity” D. what the word “infinity” mean21. His suggestion _____ to see the art exhibition interested every one of us. A. that we go B. which we should go C. that we would go D. when we should go22. I’ll certainly tell the Emperor _____ pleased I am with it. A. how B. what C. who D. whom23. I wonder _____ he asked such a silly question in public. A. how B. what C. that D. why24. _____ do you think will teach us maths next term? A. Whom B. Who C. What D. That25. I will give this dictionary to _____ wants to have it. A. whomever B. whoever C. whom D. whatever
26. Do _____ you think is right _____ difficulties you may have. A. what/however B. that/what C. whatever/whoever D. what/whatever27. Are you sure _____? A. whether she is honest B. that she is honesty C. she is honest D. is she honest28. He was interested in _____ he had seen at the exhibition. A. which B. that C. all what D. all that29. He often thinks of _____ he can do more for the four modernizations. A. what B. how C. that D. which30. Take _____ much you want and _____ you want to. A. however/when B. whenever/how C. however/whoever D. however/whenever
练习与检测答案1—5 CBCDC 6—10 BCACB 11—15 BDADA 16—20 ABCDB21—25 AADBB 26—30 DCDBD
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