2010届高三英语复习题（2）

三、阅读理解： (A) Annealing 　　Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly, if metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping(浸) it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle(脆)—that is, it will break easily. Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not breaks as easily. It is possible to make metal as hard or as soft as is wished, by annealing it. The metal is heated, and allowed to cool slowly for a certain length of time. The longer the heated metal takes to cool slowly, the softer it becomes. Annealing can also be used on other material, such as glass.1. Annealing can make metal ____　　A. hard and tough(韧)　　　B. hard but brittle　　C. soft but tough　　　　　D. soft and brittle　　解析：此题属词句意义理解题。文章第一句“Annealing is a way of making metal sofer”。第三句“Metal that has been annealed is soft but does not break as easily”．其中“does not break as easily”的意思就是“tough”．因此C项符合要求。A和D两面中均有一方面与上文不符。B中两方面均不符。因此都被排除。C为正确答案。 　　答案:C2. Why do people put hot metal in water?　　A. To make it hard.　　　　B. To make it soft.　　C. To make it cool.　　　　D. To make it brittle　　解析：本题属推断归纳题。文中第一句：”if metal is heated and then cooled very quickly, for example by dipping it in water, it will be very hard but also very brittle”.意思是说如果把金属加热，然后迅速放到水里冷却，也就会变得非常硬，但也变得脆。“bald”是工艺的主观目的。“brittle”是伴随的客观结果。因此选A而不选D,B项与题目不符:C项是手段不是目的。因此，都可被排除。A为正确答案。　　答案:A3. In annealing, the required hardness of a metal depends on 　______　　A. the quantity of water used　　B. the temperature of the metal　　C. the softness of the metal　　D. the timing of the operation　　解析:此题属概括归纳题。timing是时间的选择。本答案的依据是5和6两句，“The metal is heated，… length of time．”“The longer…the softer it becomes．”，“。cool”的时间是可以控制的，时间越长就越“soft”，即硬度就越低。由此我们可得出结论：在退火过程中，金属的硬度是受到冷却的时间长短影响的。文章中没有提到退火时使用的水的数量，没有提到金属的温度，也没有提及金属的软度。因此这三答案均被排除。D为正确答案。　　答案:D4. As suggested by the text, how can glass be made less brittle?　　A. It can be heated and then cooled quickly.　　B. It can be cooled and then heated slowly.　　C. It can be heated and then cooled slowly.　　D. It can be cooled and then heated quickly.　　解析:此题属推理判断题。文中最后一句说“Annealing can also be used on other materials ,such as glass.”很明显退火这工艺同样可用于象玻璃一类的其他材料。文中我们已知“annealing”就是先“heat”后“。cool slowly”．由此推断C是正确的。A项中“Cooled quickly”不符合上述工艺要求。B和C工艺程序都不对。因此，A、B、D三项被排除。C为正确答案. 答案:C阅读理解的第二篇短文。标题Annealing属于生词，但没有注出。很明显，命题人想要考生自己通过阅读来猜测其词义是什么。实际上就是一个变相的词义猜测题。如果考生通过阅读全文能猜出其词义为“退火”，那么，后面的几个测试题便不难作出了。 (B) 　　In the 19th century England people liked to go to the seaside. In those days, ladies wore long bathing dresses, and men wore bathing suits. Women did not walk about on the beach in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine. A bathing machine was used for changing in, and for taking the bather down to the sea. It cost 2 pence to hire a machine and an attendant (f~ ~). When she had paid, the bather climbed up the back steps and got into the bathing machine. Then she changed into her bathing dress. When she had changed , the machine was pulled down to the sea. The bathing machine stopped in the water and the bather went down the front steps into the water. If she did not want to get into the sea, the attendant pulled her in.1. Who used the bathing machine?　　A. Women bathers.　　B. Both men and women bathers.　　C. Bathers who couldn’t swim. 　　D. Bathers who couldn’t walk.　　解析:是细节理解题。短文第三、四两句这样交代：Women did not walk about on the beach in their bathing dresses. They hired a bathing machine.（妇女们不穿她们浴用连衣裙在沙滩上步行。他们租用一台洗浴机。）从此可知使用洗浴机的人就是洗浴的妇女。故A是正确的答案。　　答案:A2. A bathing machine was mainly used for　　A. giving the bather a pleasure ride on the beach　　B. giving the bather some exercise before getting into the water　　C. protecting the bather from catching cold from the sea wind　　D. protecting the bather from being seen in bathing dress out of water　　解析:仍是细节理解题。文章第五句说上A bathing machine was used for changing in…（洗浴机被用来更换服装……）显然，在这个机器里更衣是为使洗澡人在下水之前不被人看见了。　　答案:D3. In the 19th century people who used the bathing machine usually did the following things. Which is the right order for doing them?　　a. Changing into bathing clothes　　b. Getting out of the bathing machine 　　c. Paying 2 pence　　d. Getting into the bathing machine 　　e. Being taken down the beach　　f. Getting into the water　　A. e,d,a,b,f,c　　B. c,d,a,e,b,f　　C. c,d,e,a,b,f　　D. d,a,e,b,f,c　　解析:仍是细节理解题，只是要与整篇文章所提供的活动顺序联系起来，其活动的顺序正是第3题检测的内容：付钱、租车、换衣、去沙滩、出洗浴机、下水。所以B项是正确的答案。 　　答案:B第四篇短文，是介绍英国民间风俗的文章：十九世纪英国妇女游泳的情况。 ( C ) 　　JINTAN,JTANGSU:The 20 students 18 boys and 2 girls — had a thousand reasons to be proud of themselves. They had just climbed their way to the top rung(阶梯) out of 4 million students taking part in the Fifth National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest (竞赛)Tuesday evening.　　The 20 gold medal winners are all primary and middle school students under the age of 14.　　‘Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. It is just unbelievable! ‘said a teacher from Guangdong province.　　Named after China’ s most famous mathematician, Hua Luogeng, the contest started in 1986, one year after his death. In less than 10 years, it has been recognized by the State Education Commission (国家)as the country’s biggest and best contest of its kind.1. This news story is mainly about .　　A. when the contest started　　B. how the contest got its name　　C. the 20 pupils who have won gold medals in the contest　　D. the 5th National Hua Luogeng Gold Cup Mathematics Contest　　解析:是归纳概括题。A、B两项只是具体事实,C项虽提到了20个获奖者，但也不包括文章内容的全部，只有D项能概括全文主旨大意。 答案:D2. This news story most probably appeared in a news paper in .　　A.1995　　B. 1987　　C. 1986　　D. 1997　　解析：属于细节理解题。从最后一段加the contest started in 1986…（竞赛始于1986年），再看 in less than 10 years, it has been recognized… （在不到10年时间里，它已被承认为……）可以断定C项（1986）是正确选项。　　答案:A3 Ii can be inferred from the text that the teacher from Guangdong province .　　A. felt proud of the gold medal winners　　B. wondered if the students were honest　　C. thought that the problems were too difficult for the 　students　　D. believed that the twenty winners could go to study at university　　解析:是一个推理判断题。考查学生对作者写作态度的推测。文章提到一个广东省教师说”Many of the problems are of college level and these pupils can figure them out. it is just unbelievable! “said a teacher from Guangdong province.（大多数题目都是大学水平而中小学生也能做出来，真是难以置信）这些话语充满赞叹之情，当然应选A。　　答案:A4 The underlined phrase ‘figure out’ in the text means .　　A .guess　　B. add up　　C. work out　　D. study　　解析:为词句理解题：猜测figure (them) out的词义。如果弄清了them是代表 many of the problems，那么，做出数学题就可用 work out．故C项正确。 　　答案:C 　　阅读理解的第一篇短文。这是一篇新闻报导：全国中小学华罗庚数学金杯赛的情况。 (D) 　　When you want to see if a library has the book you want, you can use the catalogue(目录) in the Library. Most catalogues of books in a library take the form of small cards kept in boxes. One way of arranging (排列) the cards is in ABC order by the family names of the writers.　　Catalogue cards usually give the following important information: (1 )the name of the writer, (2)the shelf-n k(架号) ,that is ,the Dewev number which helps people to find where the books are, (3) the title of the book, (4)the year of publication and the publisher, and (5)the number of pages in the book.1．if you know the title of a book and want to find out if it is in the catalogue, what else do you need to know?　　A. The shelf-mark.　　B. The name of the writer.　　C. The Dewey number.　　D. The year of publication. 　　解析：本题考查对细节的理解能力。短文第三句交代了图书馆的目录卡片的一种排列方法就是以作者姓氏字母顺序排列。那么，在得知书名之后，要查找该书，当然要知道该书作者的姓氏名称。故B为正确答案。 　　答案：B2. Which of the following is the kind of catalogue card described in the text?　　A. 428.65 Brooks,J.and Grundy,P.Writing for Study PurposesCambridge University I ‘ns~(1954) 78pp　　B. 783.25 The best bookfor writing practicePractical Writing (1965) 213pp　　C.315.08 Reading Skills Beijing University Press (1990) 160pp　　D.921 .87 Smith, J Practical ReachingThe People’s Publishing House (1989)　　解析:本题考查的是对篇章结构所有内容的综合理解能力。文中提到在目录卡上印有的全部内容：1）架号，2）作者的姓名，3）图书的题目．4）出版单位．5）图书的页效。不掌握这几个要点．就不可能得出卡片A是正确的答案　　阅读理解的第二篇。这是一篇应用文：去图书馆查图书目录。文章不长．题目也不多．但实用性很强。 四、短文改错：