第8讲 5个必考点与4种解题方法拨开情态动词的迷雾
备考指导 情态动词是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点，通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。解决情态动词类题目通常使用的方法是通过语境与语义来判断。
一、需要特别记忆的5个必考点
1．情态动词表猜测时，肯定句一般用must(语气十分肯定)和may(语气不大肯定)，疑问句一般用can，否定句一般用can’t(语气肯定)和may not(语气不大肯定)。
Who can it be，do you know?
你知道可能是谁吗？
It can’t be Mr.Wang.
不可能是王先生。
2．如果表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事，这时多用must。
It can’t help；he must do that.没办法，他非要做不可。
Smoking is not allowed here，but if you must，you’d better go to the smoking area.
这里不许吸烟，但是如果你非要吸的话，你最好去吸烟区。
3．表示习惯性动作或某种倾向，“总是，惯于”，通常用于第三人称，这时通常用will。
Fish will die out of water.
鱼离开水将会死亡。
However hard he tried，the door wouldn’t open.
不管他如何努力，门就是打不开。
4．shall用于第三人称，表示征求对方意见或请求；用于第二、三人称表示命令、威胁、允诺、强制等。
You shall do as your father says.
你应该照父亲说的做。
Shall he come in？让他进来吗？
5．“情态动词＋have done”的用法
(1)must have done sth.表示对过去已经发生的事情的有把握的推测，意思是“想必、准是、一定做了某事”，只用在肯定句中。
It must have rained last night，for the ground is wet.
昨天晚上肯定下雨了，因为地是湿的。
(2)can(could) have done sth.表示对过去发生的动作的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。
He can’t have forgotten it.
他肯定还没有忘记那件事。
(3)needn’t have done sth.表示已完成不需要完成的动作。
You needn’t have waken me up.I don’t have to go to work today.
你本不必叫醒我，我今天不必去上班。
(4)didn’t need to do sth.表示没有必要做而实际上也没有做某事。
I didn’t need to clean the windows.My brother did it.
不需要我擦窗户，我弟弟擦的。
(5)may/might have done sth.表示对过去已发生的动作的推测，意为“也许/或许已经……”。
I’m not sure.He might have said so at the conference.
我不确定。他或许已在会议上说了。
(6)should have done sth.表示本来应该做某事而实际上未做。
You should have told him about it.
你本应该告诉他那件事。
二、4招帮你解决情态动词相关的题目
方法1 意义判断法
所谓意义判断法就是分析语境并确定应填情态动词的含义。因此熟练掌握每个情态动词的意义和用法是做题的前提。
典例展示 I ________ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
答案 needn’t
解析 needn’t意为“不必”。句意：我不必担心我的周末——我总是没等到周末就把计划安排好了。
方法2 句型判断法
有些情态动词需要用在特定的句型中，如may表示推测时，往往用在肯定或否定句中；must表
示推测只能用于肯定句中。运用此法就是通过分析所给句子的句型特点，选用具有特定句型特点的情态动词。
典例展示 You mustn’t have told him the news; he knew it already.________
答案 mustn’t→ needn’t
解析 本句意为“你本来不必要告诉他这条消息的，因为他早就知道了。”表示“不必”用needn’t，而mustn’t意为“千万不，不允许”。
方法3 语气判断法
情态动词主要表示说话人的语气、情感或态度，所以在解答此类试题时，一定要注意说话者的语气(这也是解题的难点)，这就要求正确理解句子，从说话者的角度去考虑问题，结合具体的语境来分析和判断，最后确定所需情态动词是否符合特定的情感需要。
典例展示 —May I take this book out of the reading room?
—No，you ________．You read it in here.
答案 mustn’t
解析 表示禁止，“一定不，不准许”。
方法4 人称判断法
有些情态动词在表达某个意义时，要与特定的人称连用，这为我们选择正确答案提供了方向。
典例展示 It has been announced that candidates ________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
答案 shall
解析 shall用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺、威胁等意思。
跟踪训练
考点突破
Ⅰ.用适当的情态动词填空
1．They ________ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed.
2．If you ________ smoke，please go outside.
3．—I don’t really like James.Why did you invite him?
—Don’t worry.He ________ not come.He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.
4．I ________ worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.
5．It ________ be the postman at the door.It’s only six o’clock.
6．—I left my handbag on the train，but luckily someone gave it to a railway
official.
—How unbelievable to get it back！I mean，someone ________ have stolen it.
7．—How’s your new babysitter?
—We ________ not ask for a better one.All our kids love her so much.
8．—Shall I inform him of the change of the schedule right now?
—I am afraid you ________，in case he comes late for the meeting.
9．The police still haven’t found the lost child，but they’re doing all they ________．
10．If you ________ go，at least wait until the storm is over.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．If you need go，at least wait until the storm is over.________
2．She could sang very well when she was a girl.________
3．You’d better to wear rubbers, for it’s raining outside.________
4．I would rather to work than play.________
5．I asked him whether he needs go there.________
6．Something is wrong with my computer and it need repairing.________
7．I can have lent you the money. Why didn’t you ask me？________
8．She should able to give us a good answer.________
9．Judging from what you say, he ought succeed.________
10．Such a gentleman could do that.________
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Spending time outdoors in our country’s National Park system can bring you closer to nature.Sometimes，it can bring the nature closer to you than you ever expected.It isn’t uncommon for Park visitors to happen upon baby animals，seemingly helpless and defenseless against all of the great outdoors.
Animals such as bears and cougars(美洲狮) may look harmless and lovely if they are found as babies；it is never a good idea to get too close to them，even if they look abandoned，because their mother may not be far away and will attack to protect her
offspring.In cases like these，the only option is to contact a local park ranger(管理员)，or contact the US Fish and Wildlife Service at 1800344WILD，so they can direct the proper authorities to help the babies.
During the spring，wildlife groups are overwhelmed with the public calling about orphaned baby deer；the fawns(小鹿) were “rescued” by wellmeaning people，but usually the fawns didn’t need any help at all.Mother deer will leave their fawn to find food，and the fawn will instinctively lie down and try to blend into its surroundings.If you spot a tiny fawn in the underbrush，please don’t disturb it.If it is removed，the mother won’t be able to find it，and the fawn’s chance of being able to live a natural life in the outdoors is diminished.
Unless they are very young，foxes，wolves，raccoons，and coyotes can be dangerous even as young.If babies of this type are found alone in a National Park，it is advisable to find a park ranger for assistance.In most instances，unless you are trained in wildlife or zoological skills，assistance is the best option；not only for your safety，but for the wellbeing of the orphaned or lost animal.Never attempt to save an injured adult animal by yourself，and never try to get a baby animal away from its mother.
1．We should not approach baby bears and cougars because ________．
A．they are afraid of humans
B．they don’t need human’s help
C．their mothers may attack us
D．they are not abandoned
2．What do we know about the wellmeaning people who rescued the fawns?
A．They did something helpful.
B．They didn’t help the fawns at all.
C．They handled the animals properly.
D．They should have called the authorities earlier.
3．What should we do if we find a fawn in the wild?
A．Leave it where it is.
B．Bring it to the authorities.
C．Contact the US Fish and Wildlife Service.
D．Try to find its mother.
4．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．Baby animals present no threat to humans.
B．Common people can save an injured animal themselves.
C．We should leave an injured adult animal alone.
D．An injured animal may hurt people.
B
Earthquakes are common in nature，making sounds below Earth’s surface thousands of times every day.But major earthquakes are less common.Here are some things to do to prepare for an earthquake and what to do once the ground starts shaking.
Safety Tips
·Have an earthquake readiness plan.
·Consult a professional to learn how to make your home sturdier，such as fixing bookcases to the wall，using strong locks on cupboards，and fixing the water heater to the wall firmly.
·Locate a place in each room of the house that you can go to in case of an earthquake.It should be a spot where nothing is likely to fall on you.
·Keep a supply of canned food，an uptodate first aid box，3 gallons(11.4 liters) of water per person，dust masks and goggles(护目镜)，and a working batteryoperated radio and flashlights.
·Know how to turn off your gas and water mains.
If Shaking Begins
·Drop down; take cover under a desk or table and hold on.
·Stay indoors until the shaking stops and you’re sure it’s safe to exit.
·Stay away from bookcases or furniture that can fall on you.
·Stay away from windows.In a highrise building，expect the fire alarms and sprinklers(洒水车) to go off during a quake.
·If you are in bed，hold on and stay there，protecting your head with a pillow.
·If you are outdoors，find a clear spot away from buildings，trees，and power
lines.Drop to the ground.
·If you are in a car，slow down and drive to a clear place.Stay in the car until the shaking stops.
5．If the ground is shaking，one is advised to stay ________．
A．in the study full of bookshelves
B．in the kitchen with a bottle of gas
C．in the bedroom with two beds
D．in the dining room with cupboards
6．What should people do while at home if shaking begins?
A．Stand up and call for help immediately.
B．Try getting out as soon as they can.
C．Wait for the possible chance patiently.
D．Hide themselves behind the furniture.
7．The passage is probably taken from ________．
A．a news report B．a story book
C．a common notice D．a science magazine
Ⅱ.语法填空
Lucy is an outgoing lady. She 1.________ play many kinds of musical instruments. Actually, she 2.________ play the piano when she was 8 years old. Lucy also keeps taking exercise every day. She says that she 3.________ do some sports because she 4.________ keep slim. “You 5.________ get fat soon if you don’t take exercise every day.” She usually says to her friends.
As for her, an elegant lady 6.________ try to keep fit. However, last week, she found that she 7.________ put on weight and she was worried and decided to lose weight.
And these days she is always thinking that she 8.________ succeed soon if she tries all her best. However, she is always lack of time because she 9.________ take care of her children.
One night after supper, she walked quickly in order to go dancing at the Tomorrow Park and she was late. On her way, she thought that the dancing 10.________(begin), and the coach 11.________(teach) or shown many new moves. She was afraid that her
friends 12.________(leave) before she got there. She was regretful then.
She 13.________(have) supper earlier, or she 14.________(take) a taxi, and indeed she 15.________(take) a bath in advance. When she reached the park finally, she found nobody was there. She remembered suddenly that it had been reported on the radio that there would be a heavy rain that night.
第8讲 5个必考点与4种解题方法拨开情态动词的迷雾
考点突破
Ⅰ.1.should 2.must 3.might 4.needn’t 5.can’t
6．might 7.could 8.must 9.can 10.must
Ⅱ.1.need→must 2.sang→sing 3.去掉to 4.去掉to 5.needs→need 6.need→needs 7.can→could
8．在able前加be 9.在ought后加to 10.could→should
能力提升
Ⅰ.1.C
2．B
3．A
4．D
5．C
6．C
7．D
Ⅱ.1.can 2.could 3.has to 4.must 5.shall
6．should 7.might 8.may 9.ought to 10.must have begun 11.could have taught 12.might have left 13.should have had 14.could have taken 15.needn’t have taken
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