第11讲 名词性从句的5个高频考点与2种解题方法
备考指导 名词性从句是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点，通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。解决名词性从句类题目通常使用的方法有：看是否是考查固定句型中固定用法，是否可以运用分析句式结构与句子成分来判断，是否可以运用句子中的某些特定的动词来判断。
一、名词性从句中的5个高频知识点
1．只能用whether不能用if的4种情况
(1)引导主语从句且位于句首
(2)引导表语从句
(3)从句为介词的宾语
(4)后紧跟不定式
2．有些动词带宾语从句时需要在从句前加it
如：hate，like，take，owe，have，see to，depend on，rely on等，除此之外， take it for granted中的it是位于动词而不是从句之前。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths full of food.我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。
3．不能省略that的宾语从句
(1)it作形式主语时
(2)宾语从句较长时
(3)主句的状语置于主句句尾、宾语从句之前
I realized at once that I had dialed the wrong number.
我立即认识到了我打的号码错了。
(4)宾语从句中的状语或状语从句置于从句句首时
He told us that if we would all come to help out the whole situation would be looking up.他告诉我们如果我们能够全部来帮忙整个局势会好转。
(5)主句谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时
He found，however，that this was not true.
然而，他发现这不是真的。
(6)一个动词有两个宾语从句，第一个可以省略，但是第二个不能省略
4．主语为名词reason时，表语从句的引导词用that不能用why
5．如果指人的引导词具有双重身份，则用whoever
也就是说引导词既是从句的主语也是主句的主语，这时候应该用whoever，因为whoever相当于anyone who，he who等。
Whoever doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man.
不到长城非好汉。(whoever既是主句的主语也是从句的主语)
I will give the prize to whoever comes out first.
谁是第一我就把奖给谁。(whoever既是to的宾语，还是从句的主语)
二、2种方法帮助你解决名词性从句的相关题目
方法1 位置判断法
根据名词性从句的句子特点及其所处的位置，判断出属于哪一种从句，从而确定连词的种类，也有助于对句子的理解。
What he said astonished us.他所说的话使我们很惊奇。(从句在主语位置，为主语从句)
Everything depends on whether you have enough money.一切都看你是否有足够多的钱。(从句在介词后，为介词的宾语，为宾语从句)
The question is where we’ll go this Sunday.问题是我们这周日去哪儿。(从句在is后，为表语从句)
He expressed the hope that he would come to China again.他表达了再来中国的愿望。(从句在抽象名词后，对名词解释说明，为同位语从句)
典例展示1 (2015·全国卷Ⅱ)After looking at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing.________
答案 where→that或去掉where
解析 found后为宾语从句，引导词不作句子成分只起连接作用，应用that引导，而且that可省略。故where改为that或去掉where。
典例展示2 (2014·四川高考)If you notice that when someone is missing or hurt, tell your teacher immediately.________
答案 去掉when
解析 notice之后为that引导的宾语从句，when属于多余词。故去掉when。
典例展示3 It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
答案 whether
解析 句意：那个旧公交车站是否应该被一家现代化宾馆所取代仍在讨论中。“It”作形式主语， “________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not”作真正的主语。根据句意及题干中的“or not”可知答案为whether，“whether...or not”在名词性从句中意为“是否”。
方法2 句子成分分析法
看从句缺不缺成分，不缺就用that，whether/if，缺成分就用wh类连接词(包括how，because等)。
典例展示1 (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to that I live.________
答案 that→where
解析 close to之后为介词to的宾语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，应用where。故that改为where。
典例展示2 (2016·全国卷Ⅱ)My classmates and I are talking about how to do during the holiday.________
答案 how→what
解析 do后缺宾语，故把how改为what。
典例展示3 (2014·广东高考) I didn’t understand ________ this would happen and my credit card had already been charged for the reservation.
答案 why
解析 “我”不知道/不明白________会发生这样的事情。不明白的一定是原因。故答案为why。
跟踪训练
考点突破
Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空
1．________ did this job must be rewarded.
2．His writing is so confusing that it’s difficult to make out ________ he is trying to express.
3．Our teachers always tell us to believe in ________ we do and who we are if we want to succeed.
4．Twenty students want to attend the class that aims to teach ________ to read fast.
5．When the news came ________ the war broke out，he decided to serve in the army.
6．Modern science has given clear evidence ________ smoking can lead to many diseases.
7．I’d like to start my own business—that’s ________ I’d do if I had the money.
8．It is still under discussion ________ the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not.
9．The reason why he didn’t go to school was ________ he fell ill.
10．He came late. That was ________ he got up late.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill our spare time. Finally, we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.________
2．As time went on, I realized what ridiculous I had been at that time.________
3．Now I am writing to tell you that my city has done to reduce traffic jams in the last few years.________
4．I had thought if perhaps the woman would blame the man. Beyond my expectations, the woman answered with a smile.________
5．Fortunately, I had a mobile phone with me, so I called the police and told them that had been found.________
6．That college students are mainly concerned about is employment and their dream to have well－paid jobs where they can live their lives to the fullest.________
7．There is no doubt if English has become a universal language nowadays.________
8．That you should learn is how to write down the most important words, not the whole sentence. Remember that you need information, not sentences.________
9. Everything depends on if you agree with us.________
10. He is wondering when can finish this difficult job.________
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
Meet the amazing Eliot Schrefer，and see why we’re big fans!
Scope：Why do you write stories about animals?
Eliot：I’ve always been excited by animal stories.When I was young，I liked reading about animals because they seemed like they needed help，and they were also voiceless.
Scope：Where did you get the idea for Animal Distress Calls?
Eliot：Many years ago，I had a friend who worked as a doctor at the Bronx Zoo.One evening he invited me to see the zoo after hours.Wandering that quiet，dark zoo was haunting.I was imagining adventures with big wild animals，but only the wolves were awake.Then he took me into the clinic，where I met a sick bird.That nighttime visit clearly had a big impact on this story.
Scope：Why did you leave Josie’s fate ambiguous in the story Animal Distress Calls?
Eliot：So many of us have known a creature，human or nonhuman，who’s been suffering.Sometimes everything gets better，and sometimes it doesn’t.That doesn’t change the important，compassionate(有同情心的) act of caring.I didn’t want the story to become about the outcome of Josie’s illness.I wanted it to be about the sympathy Josie and Julia share for each other.
Scope：Have you had a personal experience with an animal that changed you?
Eliot：I had a moment during research for my ape novels when I was staying at a bonobo sanctuary (倭黑猩猩保护区) in Congo.I’d have breakfast with Oshwe，a young bonobo who was too little to eat with the rest of the group.Sitting with him for a few hours each morning，I helped make sure that he finished his meal and got the nutrition he needed—but it also felt like a gift he was giving me.Oh，I remember thinking，you’re spending this precious morning time with me!
1．According to the text，Eliot Schrefer is famous ________．
A．as an animal doctor
B．as a volunteer taking care of animals
C．for his social bond with animals
D．for his amazing animal stories
2．While visiting the Bronx Zoo，Eliot Schrefer was surprised by ________ .
A．the active wolves
B．the quiet atmosphere
C．his friend’s behaviour
D．the violent wild animals
3．Eliot Schrefer left Josie’s fate ambiguous because ________．
A．he thought it was not important
B．he wanted readers to make a guess
C．he wanted to attract readers’ attention
D．he would make it clear in his next story
4．What was Eliot Schrefer’s attitude towards Oshwe?
A．Proud. B．Frightened.
C．Appreciative. D．Disappointed.
Ⅱ.完形填空
Reading and writing __1__ is a very personal experience.Poets use language as a way of __2__ their feelings，whether positive ones of love，happiness and hope，or negative feelings like __3__ and fear.Poems can describe the beauty of nature，a person，a dream or a memorable event.Most __4__ have tried writing poetry at some time，for example at school.For children，it is a good way to explore language and have __5__ with words as well as to express themselves.
But teachers and psychologists have found another use for poetry as a form of therapy(治疗) to help people with problems.__6__ are benefits for people of all different backgrounds and ages.Writing poetry can help people deal with __7__ in their lives—death or feelings of sadness，drug or alcohol problems or serious illness.By writing down your feelings，__8__ can learn to understand yourself better and give yourself a voice if you feel you are being ignored.A poem might be a way of telling someone something when you do not feel able to talk about it __9__．And just because people are __10__ or having difficulties in their lives，it doesn’t mean they have lost their sense of humour.Poems __11__ as therapy can be funny too，as laughter is also considered to be very good medicine.
Students at a special school in Dudley，in England，read and write poems __12__．Their
reason for writing poems is not just to __13__ creative.All of them have problems.Some of them have longterm __14__ conditions，such as cancer，while others have personality disorders or psychological problems.By writing poems students are growing __15__ selfconfidence.The poems provide a channel through __16__ they can communicate with the world，and express their feelings.They __17__ help them to recognize and explore their problems and to develop a positive attitude to life.
But the poems are helping __18__ people，too.The school has collected some of the students’ poems and published them in a book which is __19__ to raise funds for a local hospital.The book has proved very popular，giving students __20__ sense of achievement.
1．A.poem B．the poems
C．poet D．poetry
2．A.expressing B．expression
C．expresses D．expressed
3．A.excitement B．anger
C．darkness D．joy
4．A.people B．students
C．writers D．teachers
5．A.game B．fun
C．smile D．food
6．A.There B．It
C．This D．That
7．A.branches B．changes
C．exercises D．lines
8．A.I B．they C．she D．you
9．A.shoulder to shoulder B．face to face
C．hand in hand D．eye to eye
10．A.hungry B．ill
C．thirsty D．happy
11．A.said B．spoken
C．seen D．written
12．A.some time B．everyday
C．every day D．sometime
13．A./ B．is
C．be D．are
14．A.salty B．scientific
C．natural D．medical
15．A.in B．on
C．from D．at
16．A.who B．which
C．that D．when
17．A.either B．too
C．yet D．also
18．A.another B．the other
C．other D．the others
19．A.sells B．sell
C．being sold D．being selling
20．A.a B．an
C．/ D．the
Ⅲ.语法填空
Three years had passed and things were even worse than before. One can hardly imagine 1.________ the poor people suffered. Most of the workers lost their jobs and in order to provide for their families they sold everything 2.________ they had in their houses. They could neither get food nor clothing. Many of them fell ill and died.
Then they began to understand 3.________ the factory owners were their enemies. But they believed that 4.________ the government knew 5.________ hard their conditions were, they would give them some help. In a meeting they decided 6.________ they should send some of their men to London to tell the government of the truth. Jackson was chosen to be one of them to go to the capital. He felt proud 7.________ he could do something for his friends.
A few days later, when Jackson came back from London and was asked to tell about 8.________ had happened there, he replied in a low voice, “I will never forget 9.________ we workers were treated there. I will never forgive those who refused to hear us. Friends, let us do all we can to struggle against the capitalists and the government 10.________ supports them.”
第11讲 名词性从句的5个高频考点与2种解题方法
考点突破
Ⅱ.1.Whoever 2.what 3.what 4.how 5.that
6．that 7.what 8.whether 9.that 10.because
Ⅱ.1.that→what 2.what→how 3.that→all/what 4.if→that或去掉if 5.that→what 6.That→What
7．if→that 8.That→What 9.if→whether
10．can前加he
能力提升
Ⅰ.1.D
2．B
3．A
4．C
Ⅱ.1.D
2．A
3．B
4．A
5．B
6．A
7．B
8．D
9．B
10．B
11．D
12．C
13．C
14．D
15．A
16．B
17．D
18．C
19．C
20．A
Ⅲ.1.how 2.that 3.that 4.if 5.how 6.that
7．that 8.what 9.how 10.which/that
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