第12讲 定语从句的4个易错点以及解题的3种方法
备考指导 定语从句是历年高考中考查的最多的一个考点，通常是以单项填空、语法填空、短文改错和书面表达的形式进行考查。解决定语从句类题目通常使用的方法有：看是否是考查固定句型中固定用法，是否可以运用分析句式结构与句子成分来判断，是否可以运用句子中的某些特定的动词来判断，是否可以通过运用还原法来做出正确的判断。
一、定语从句的4个易错点
易错点1 as与which在定语从句中的区别
正确判断找出先行词，看是否有“such”“the same”等词的修饰，是否翻译为“正如……”。
典例展示1 A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.
答案 as
解析 关系代词指整个一句话A lot of language learning is happening in the first year of life。as用在句首，which用在句末，正确答案应该是as。
典例展示2 We recommend that our human beings treat the nature with the same care ________ we give to our eyes.
答案 as
解析 先行词有the same修饰，其后定语从句则用that或as引导。that表示同一个物，as表示同类中的一个。根据题意可知应用as。
易错点2 关系词在句中的作用判断失误
定语从句中先行词为case, point, position, situation等词时，一定要确定它们在定语从句中所作的成分，如作状语，用关系副词where；作主/宾语时，用that或which。
典例展示1 Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ________ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law.
答案 where
解析 句意：在本章的后一部分，将给读者介绍一些案例，在这些案例中，消费者的投诉已经使法律做出了修改。根据句意判定cases为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作状语，相当于in these cases, in which＝where，即先行词在从句中作状语。
典例展示2 Remember that there is still one point ________ we must make clear at
the conference tomorrow.
答案 that
解析 句意：记住还有一点是我们必须在明天会议上弄清楚的。先行词为point，代入定语从句中作make的宾语(make the point clear)，故用关系代词that。
易错点3 定语从句与强调句的判断
在定语从句与强调句的结合中，“先行词＋定语从句”多为强调句中的被强调部分。第一空的设置多是对定语从句的考查，第二空多为强调句型。
典例展示1 It was in the small house ________ was built with stones by his father ________ he spent his childhood.
答案 which；that
解析 句意：他是在他父亲用石头建造的那座小房子里度过了他的童年。前一空中which引导定语从句，修饰前面的house；后一空是强调句型。判断句子是否为强调句，只要将强调句型中的It is/was，that/who去掉句子意思完整，这就是强调句型。
典例展示2 It is few people，________ have come to ask for the position，________ I think are fit for the job.
答案 who；that
解析 第一空考查非限制性定语从句的关系词，people是先行词，在定语从句中作主语，用who引导。第二空考查强调句型中的that。
易错点4 由分隔问题而导致的错误
正确分析句子结构，翻译句子含义，是做好此种题目的关键。
典例展示1 The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
答案 when
解析 句意：仅靠体力能谋生的时代一去不复返了。先行词为days，将其带入空格后的定语从句中可知该先行词作状语，表时间，相当于in which，故用关系副词when。
典例展示2 Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.
答案 when
解析 句意：我很少有这样的机会：抽出一天的时间陪孩子。根据句意可知，本题考查定语从句中的关系词。先行词为occasions，意为“机会”。由于空格后的句子不缺少成分，故
应填关系副词when，在定语从句中作状语，相当于on which。二、解决定语从句的3种方法
方法1 先行词还原法
如果认为是定语从句，大家可以把前面的名词直接还原到从句中，如果此句意思通顺，则为定语从句。
典例展示1 (2016·四川高考)The dishes what I cooked were Mom’s favorite.________
答案 what→that/which或去掉what
解析 分析句子结构可知，dishes后面为定语从句，从句中缺少cooked的宾语，故可以使用that/which或省略。应把what改为that/which或去掉what。
典例展示2 (2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid－1980s, ________ I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.
答案 when
解析 分析句子结构可知，空格处所在的句子是定语从句。定语从句修饰前面的“the mid－1980s”，且从句缺少时间状语，故用when引导该定语从句。
方法2 四步分析法
正确选择引导定语从句的关系词是学习定语从句的难点，大家可以使用“四步分析法”来正确解答试题。一看指人还是物；二看介词在何处；三看句中作何用；四看是否性特殊。
典例展示1 In the playground I saw a boy ________ I thought was your brother.
答案 who
解析 I thought是插入语，因此定语从句缺主语，先行词为a boy。句意：在操场上，我看到一个男孩，我觉得是你的弟弟。故填who。
典例展示2 There are many people think that wealth is better than health.________
答案 people后加who
解析 many people后为定语从句，缺少引导词。故people后加who。
方法3 固定搭配法
在解答定语从句时还要注意一些固定短语，这样就需要确定关系词前的介词等。
典例展示1 I bought the same dress ________ she is wearing.
答案 as
解析 先行词被the same修饰，定语从句缺少宾语，故用as引导。
典例展示2 James，for ________ money is now no problem, has run another business in his hometown.
答案 whom
解析 句意：对他来说钱不是问题，詹姆斯在家乡又做了另外一个生意。定语从句的先行词是James，whom指代先行词作for的宾语。
跟踪训练
考点突破
Ⅰ.用适当的关系代/副词填空
1．She showed the visitors around the museum，the construction of ________ had taken more than three years.
2．Between the two parts of the concert is an interval，________ the audience can buy ice cream.
3．Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator，________ it will keep for two or three weeks.
4．English is a language shared by several diverse cultures，each of ________ uses it somewhat differently.
5．A bank is the place ________ they lend you an umbrella in fair weather and ask for it back when it begins to rain.
6．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other.
7．The school shop，________ customers are mainly students，is closed for the holidays.
8．The days are gone ________ physical strength was all you needed to make a living.
9．I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend，________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
10．Julie was good at German，French and Russian，all of ________ she spoke fluently.
11．I have three foreign teachers, two of ________ are from Canada.
12．This is the only way ________ we can find at present.
13．The house in ________ I used to live has become a shoe shop.
14．Can you work out a way__________we can solve this problem.
15．I didn’t know the reason ________ he came late.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1. I work in a business when almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.________
2．He is waiting for a bus by that he can go to Beijing.________
3．There were two buildings，the larger which stands nearly a hundred metres high.________
4．I have many friends，of who some are businessmen.________
5．Australia is the only country which is also a continent.________
6．The little girl, whom was not little anymore, left home and went into the world.________
7．When you get stressed, one of the first things which happen is that blood pressure rises.________
8．Mrs. White is a teacher with rich teaching experience, from which much can be learned. ________
9．The old woman often told her grandson the past days that she worked hard to make a living.________
10．After graduation she reaches a point in her career which she needs to decide what to do and she can do what she enjoys.________
能力提升
Ⅰ.阅读理解
A
Cars and airplanes changed life in the 20th century.New changes in transportation are going to make life very different in the 21st century，too.Trains and planes will be faster and more comfortable.Planes will also be bigger.
NEW AIRPLANES
Today the biggest planes carry about 400 passengers.Soon airlines will build larger planes.These new large planes will carry 600～800 passengers.Now highspeed planes travel from London to New York in 3 hours.They carry only 100 passengers.New
highspeed planes will be bigger and faster.They will fly from London to New York in only 1.5 hours and they will carry 300 people.A ticket on these fast planes will be very expensive.So most people will not take them.
HIGHSPEED TRAINS
Many people will take new，highspeed trains instead of planes.Today most trains can go 80 miles per hour (130 km/h)．Japan’s bullet train can go 150 mph (240 km/h)．The most watched ShanghaiNanjing highspeed intercity(城市间的) railway opened on July 1，which is covering 301 km from Shanghai Hongqiao to Nanjing.The train runs at 300 to 350 km per hour.New highspeed trains will go more than 300 mph (480 km/h)，twice faster than the bullet train.Germany，Switzerland and Japan will be the first countries to use these new highspeed trains.Other countries plan to have the new train，too.In the future，the trains we have today may not be used at all.
1．Planes will travel ________ faster in the future than now.
A．half B．twice
C．three times D．four times
2．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Japan’s bullet train is the fastest train in the world.
B．The ShanghaiNanjing highspeed train runs faster than Japan’s bullet train.
C．Trains will become smaller in the future.
D．Trains will run faster than planes.
3．Which of the following words can’t be used to describe the future trains and planes?
A．Fast. B．Comfortable.
C．Big. D．Cheap.
4．What’s the passage mainly about?
A．Predictions about the future trains and planes.
B．Planes which will be faster and more comfortable than trains.
C．Trains which will take the place of planes.
D．Planes and trains which will become the main means of transport in the
future.
B
A new study of 8，000 young people in the Journal of Health and Social Behavior shows that although love can make adults live healthily and happily，it is a bad thing for young people.Puppy love(早恋)may bring stress for young people and can lead to depression(忧郁症)．The study shows that girls become more depressed than boys，and younger girls are the worst of all.
The possible reason for the connection between love and higher risk of depression for girls is “loss of self”．According to the study，even though boys would say “lose themselves in a romantic relationship”，this “loss of self” is much more likely to lead to depression when it happens to girls.Young girls who have romantic relationships usually like hiding their feelings and opinions.They won’t tell that to their parents.
Dr.Marianm Kaufman，an expert on young people problems，says 15% to 20% young people will have depression during their growing.Trying romance often causes the depression.She advises kids not to jump into romance too early.During growing up，it is important for young people to build strong friendships and a strong sense of self.She also suggests the parents should encourage their kids to keep close to their friends，attend more interesting school activities and spend enough time with family.
Parents should watch for signs of depression—eating or mood changes—and if they see signs from their daughters or sons，they need to give help.The good news is that the connection between romance and depression seems to become weak with age.Love will always make us feel young，but only maturity(成熟)gives us a chance to avoid its bad side effects.
5．What’s the main idea of the passage?
A．Parents should forbid their children’s love.
B．Puppy love may bring young people depression.
C．Romance is a twoedged sword for adults.
D．Romance is good for young people.
6．Which of the following is more likely to have depression?
A．Young people who have a strong sense of selfishness.
B．Young boys whose parents watch for their behavior.
C．Young girls who always hide their feelings and opinions.
D．Careless parents whose children are deep in love.
7．What can be inferred from the passage?
A．The older a woman is，the less likely she seems to lose herself in romance.
B．Early love makes young people keep close to their friends and parents.
C．Parents should help their children to be aware of the signs of depression.
D．Lacking love can lead young people to grow up more quickly.
Ⅱ.语法填空
Computer programmer David Jones, 1.________ earns ￡35，000 a year designing new computer games, yet cannot find a bank 2.________ is ready to let him have a credit card(信用卡)．Instead, he has been told to wait until he is 18，3.________ he is old enough to get the rights. The 16－year－old boy works for a small firm in Liverpool, 4.________ the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job. But David’s biggest headache now is 5.________ to do with his money. David got his job with the Liverpool－based company four months ago. “I got the job 6.________ the people 7.________ run the firm knew I had written some programs already，”he said. “I had been studying computing 8.________ was not part of our studies at school in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew 9.________ I want to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, anyway.” David added: “I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement is a possibility. You never know 10.________ the market might disappear.”
第12讲 定语从句的4个易错点以及解题的3种方法
考点突破
Ⅰ.1.which 2.when 3.where 4.which 5.where 6.which 7.where 8.when 9.where 10.which 11.whom 12.that 13.which 14.that/in which
15．why
Ⅱ.1.when→where 2.that→which 3.which前加of
4．who→whom 5.which→that 6.whom→who
7．which→that 8.which→whom 9.that→when
10．which→where
能力提升
Ⅰ.1.B
2．B
3．D
4．A
5．B
6．C
7．A
Ⅱ.1.who 2.that 3.when 4.where 5.what
6．because 7.who 8.which 9.what 10.when
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