第14讲 运用分析法和还原法解决难以掌握的特殊句式
备考指导 特殊句式是历年高考中考查的一个考点，通常是以单项填空、语法填空和短文改错的形式进行考查。书面表达中的高分句式通常是某些特殊句式，例如强调句、倒装句、省略句等。解决特殊句式类题目通常使用的方法有：看是否是考查固定句型中固定用法，是否可以运用分析句式结构与句子成分来判断，是否可以运用句子的语境和语义来判断，是否可以通过运用还原法来做出正确的判断。
一、需要特别关注的高考热点
1．倒装结构中的4个重要句型
(1)感叹句
What an interesting book it is!
How interesting a book it is!
多有趣的一本书啊！
How time flies!
光阴似箭！
(2)The more...，the more...
The harder you study，the better you will learn.
你学习越刻苦，你学得就越好。
在这个句型中，第一个句子相当于条件句，第二个句子是主句，所以可以改为：If you study harder，you will learn better.
(3)however，whatever引导的让步状语从句
However difficult the problem may be，you must work it out this evening.
不管这个问题有多么难，今晚你必须做出来。
Whatever reasons you have，you should carry out your promise.
无论你有什么理由，你都应该遵守你的诺言。
(4)as和though引导的让步状语从句
Strange as/though it seems，it is true.
尽管看上去很奇怪，但是是真的。
Search as/though they would here and there，they could find nothing in the room.
尽管到处寻找，但是他们在房间里找不到任何东西。
Boy as he is，he knows a lot.
尽管他是个小孩，他知道的却很多。
2．强调句型中的6个重点句式
(1)强调句型的疑问句
在强调句中，无论被强调部分是什么句子成分，变为一般疑问句时，都须将主句改为疑问语序，即将“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分”改为“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”或“疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”结构。
Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?
When was it that she changed her mind?
(2)在对not...until结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的not移至until之前，构成：It is/was not until...that...。注意that从句中的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。
I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.＝It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
(3)如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。
He asked me who it was that took his umbrella by mistake.
(4)强调句型结构中的反意疑问句式。
在强调句型结构中，其反意疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。
It is Mary not you who wants to ask me about that matter，isn’t it?
(5)强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。
在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构“强调句型与定语从句”。
It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.
(6)强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。
当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和连词“that”原句仍然完整；而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/before”，原句不完整。
It was at 14：28 that the terrible earthquake broke out.(强调句型)
It was 14：28 when the terrible earthquake broke out.(状语从句)
3．省略句型中的特别关注点
单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like，love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，则要保留be，have，have been。
I asked him to see the film，but he didn’t want to.
—Will you please look after my house when I’m away?
—I’m glad to.
—Are you a sailor?
—No.But I used to be.
Your work hasn’t been handed in，but it ought to have been.
—He hasn’t finished it yet?
—Well，he ought to have.
4．there be句型的非谓语形式
I’ve never dreamed of there being a picture on the wall.
我从未想到墙上会有幅画。
I expect there to be many chances for her to get a job.
我希望她有很多机会找到工作。
There being ice on the road，I told the driver to slow down.
路上有冰，我让司机减速慢行。
There having been no water for two days，the travelers were all very thirsty.
因为两天没有水了，所有游客都非常渴了。
二、解决特殊句式题目的3种方法
方法1 还原法
一般说来，对于一些特殊的句型，我们可以把它还原为正常的句型，如把倒装句还原为陈述句等等。
典例展示1 Only when Lily walked into the office ________ she realised that she had left the contract at home.
答案 did
解析 “only＋状语从句”置于句首时，主句需用部分倒装。根据从句中的had left可知，主句应用一般过去时，故填助动词did。
典例展示2 —Is everyone here?
—Not yet...Look，there ________ (come) the rest of our guests!
答案 come
解析 本句中there放在句首，句子采用了倒装句式，谓语动词的单复数应该根据句子的主语the rest of our guests来判断。又由上句可知应用一般现在时，故填come。
方法2 结构分析法
在一些试题中要注意区别一些特殊的句型，如倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句等。
典例展示1 It was when we were returning home ________ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.
答案 that
解析 去掉It was及设空处后，句意及句子结构依然完整，由此可判断该句为强调句式，其结构为：“It is/was ＋ 被强调部分 ＋ that ＋ 其他”。本句被强调部分为时间状语从句when we were returning home。故填that。
典例展示2 John’s success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work ________ has made him what he is today.
答案 that
解析 题干为强调句型，被强调部分为years of hard work，故填that。
方法3 固定句型判断法
在平时的学习中，要掌握各种句型，注意积累一些经典的句型，把它们运用到日常写作中，以达到真正掌握的目的。
典例展示 —English has a large vocabulary，hasn’t it?
—Yes.________ (know) more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate.
答案 Know
解析 根据题干中的and和will就可以判断答案是A。“祈使句＋and/or＋主语＋will...”结构，祈使句表示条件，相当于一个条件句，有时祈使句可用名词短语替代。
跟踪训练
考点突破
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．It was not the word you said ________ angered Mr.Zhang, but how you said it.
2．Only after Mary read her composition the second time ________ she notice the spelling mistake.
3．—How is the man injured in the accident?
—The doctor said if ________ (treat) in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.
4．It was not until she lost her job ________ she realized how important it is that one should study all the time.
5．I may take a long lunch break tomorrow. If ________， I can go to the hairdresser’s then.
6．Absurd ________ it might sound, everyone present was amused by his adventure story in Africa.
7．On the top of the hill ________ (stand) a temple where the old man once lived.
8．________ fun it is to take a rest after a long run!
9．Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while ________ (train) him.
10．He said, “What a beautiful day! ________ I wish I could go back to sleep! But now I have to go out and find some food.”
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．It also help me understand the proverb “Practice makes perfect”．________
2．Eating snacks are a bad habit and is also a waste of money.________
3．You are the most considerate person who know exactly what I need in our class.________
4．There are green grass and colorful flowers everywhere.________
5．What you have gained are the result of your hard work.________
6. I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want.________
7．The old machine must be checked before used.________
8．She rarely speaks to you in English, doesn’t she？________
9．They had to cross the busy street, hadn’t they？________
10．Only by shouting were he able to make himself heard.________
能力提升
阅读理解
A
If you are an experienced manager with strong leadership skills who is looking for a challenging new career opportunity，join the Sbarro team today!
Job Responsibilities
As a Restaurant General Manager，you will supervise (监督) all matters connected with cooking in the kitchen，and build sales and profits for your store.As a Restaurant General Manager，you will take ownership of (全心地投入) all aspects of your restaurant.
Your specific duties as a Restaurant General Manager will include：
•Making staff schedules and supervising payroll (工资单)
•Hiring，developing，evaluating and coaching staff members
•Developing relationships with all employees
Job Requirements
High energy，honesty and a strong work principle are important as a Restaurant General Manager’s work is not single，ranging from growing sales to sweeping the floor.
•3～5 years of management experience as a kitchen manager in a leadership role in a service industry；previous restaurant experience preferred
•Enjoying service industry
•Ability to keep a strong team
•Proficiency (熟练) with computer (particularly Microsoft Excel)
•Education—Minimum High School；College degree a plus
Benefits
As a Restaurant General Manager，you will be given four weeks of training in food preparation，financials，ordering，scheduling，operation of restaurant equipment and computer programs.Base salary is 5，000 per month.We value your hard work and will reward you with a competitive salary package which includes base salary，monthly performance bonuses and other benefits.Your benefits package as a Restaurant General Manager will include：
•Life insurance
•Shortterm/Longterm disability insurance
•Meal discount
•Paid vacation
For further information，please visit the website www.careerbuilder.com.
1．What can we know about the Restaurant General Manager according to the passage?
A．He doesn’t know staff’s salaries.
B．His work is flexible.
C．He should coach his staff once a week.
D．He must develop relationships with all employers.
2．If you want to be the Restaurant General Manager，you must ________．
A．have a college degree
B．have restaurant experience
C．have great interest in service industry
D．have a certificate in Computer Science
3．Sbarro Restaurant provides training for a new General Manager to____________．
A．help do the daily work well
B．help improve personal quality
C．help build selfconfidence in the leadership role
D．help develop creativity in restaurant operations
4．Once hired by Sbarro Restaurant as a Restaurant General Manager，you will ________．
A．enjoy meals for free
B．own four weeks of vacation each year
C．have to receive training for about a month
D．get bonuses much more than your base salary
B
Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling.Recycling in the home is very important of course.However，being forced to recycle often means we already have more material than we need.We are dealing with the results of that overconsumption in the greenest
way possible，but it would be far better if we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.
The total amount of packaging increased by 12% between 1999 and 2005.It now makes up a third of a typical household’s waste in the UK.In many supermarkets nowadays food items are packaged twice with plastic and cardboard.
Too much packaging is doing serious damage to the environment.The UK，for example，is running out of it for carrying this unnecessary waste.If such packaging is burnt，it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect.Recycling helps，but the process itself uses energy.The solution is not to produce such items in the first place.Food waste is a serious problem，too.Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need.However，a few of them are coming round to the idea that this cannot continue，encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags，for example.
But this is not just about supermarkets.It is about all of us.We have learned to associate packaging with quality.We have learned to think that something unpackaged is of poor quality.This is especially true of food.But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products，which often have far more packaging than necessary.
There are signs of hope.As more of us recycle，we are beginning to realise just how much unnecessary material we are collecting.We need to face the wastefulness of our consumer culture，but we have a mountain to climb.
5．What does the underlined phrase “overconsumption” refer to?
A．Using too much packaging.
B．Recycling too many wastes.
C．Making more products than necessary.
D．Having more material than is needed.
6．The author uses figures in Paragraph 2 to show ________.
A．the tendency of cutting household waste
B．the increase of packaging recycling
C．the rapid growth of supermarkets
D．the fact of packaging overuse
7．What can be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．Unpackaged products are of bad quality.
B．Supermarkets care more about packaging.
C．It is improper to judge quality by packaging.
D．Other products are better packaged than food.
8．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Fighting wastefulness is difficult.
B．Needless material is mostly recycled.
C．People like collecting recyclable wastes.
D．The author is proud of their consumer culture.
C
Hundreds of years ago，a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland.The Scots，a brave people，love their country. They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland.But there were too many of the Romans.It looked as if the Romans would win.
One night，the leader of the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill.“We will rest here tonight，my men，”he said，“Tomorrow we will fight one more battle.We must win，or we will die.”
They were all very tired.So they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep.There were four guards on duty，but they were very tired，too，and one by one，they fell asleep.
The Romans were not asleep.Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill.Slowly they went up the hill.Closer they came to the sleeping Scots.They were almost at the top.A few minutes more the war would be over.Suddenly，one of them put his foot on a thistle(蓟)．He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots.In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle.The fighting was hard，but it did not last long.The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland.
The thistle is not a beautiful plant.It has sharp needles all over it.Few people liked it.But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower.
9．Hundreds of years ago，the Romans ________．
A．came from the north through England to make war on Scotland
B．came to the north Scotland from England to make war on Scotland
C．came from the north of England to fight the Scots
D．came to the north from the south of Britain to fight the Scots
10．At the shout of a Roman soldier，all the Scots who were asleep at the hill ________．
A．began to fight the Romans hard
B．stood up without putting on their shoes and began to fight
C．woke and rose immediately，ready to fight
D．put their feet into their shoes at once and were ready to fight
11．The result of the war is that ________．
A．the Romans killed all the Scots
B．the Scots were defeated
C．the Scots were driven out of Scotland
D．the Scots defeated the Romans
12．The Scots made thistle their national flower because thistle ________．
A．is lovely，though not beautiful
B．gave them happiness
C．is a kind of useful plant
D．helped the Scots in wiping out the Romans
第14讲 运用分析法和还原法解决难以掌握的特殊句式
考点突破
Ⅰ.1.that 2.did 3.treated 4.that 5.so 6.as/though 7.stands 8.What 9.training 10.How
Ⅱ.1.help→helps 2.are→is 3.know→knows 4.are→is 5.are→is 6.want后加to 7.used前加being 8.doesn’t→does 9.hadn’t→didn’t 10.were→was
能力提升
1．B
2．C
3．A
4．C
5．D
6．D
7．C
8．A
9．B
10．C
11．D
12．D
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