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真题研练36
Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(2016·全国Ⅰ，D)The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups.Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，uneasiness，or worry.Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do.Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what may be implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection.
Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority.
Nurses and other caregivers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing.Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily.A nurse who understands the healing(治愈) value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures.
【语篇解读】 这是一篇议论文。不同的文化对于沉默有着不同的解读。有的认为沉默意味着深思熟虑或脑海中一片空白；有的认为沉默就是执拗；也有的把沉默当成理解他人的必备谈话技巧而倍加珍视。
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1．What does the author say about silence in conversations?
A．It implies anger. B．It promotes friendship.
C．It is culturespecific. D．It is contentbased.
答案 C [推理判断题。由第一段中的thoughtful，empty，stubbornness，extremely uncomfortable，necessity等关键词可以看出，不同文化对于沉默的解读是有很大差异的，意即它与特定的文化有关。因此答案为C。]
2．Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought?
A．The Chinese. B．The French.
C．The Mexicans. D．The Russians.
答案 A [推理判断题。题干中的“as a call for careful thought”与第二段末句“a call for reflection”相对应，reflection意思是“审慎的思考”，再联系本段首句可知答案为A。]
3．What does the author advise nurses to do about silence?
A．Let it continue as the patient pleases.
B．Break it while treating patients.
C．Evaluate its harm to patients.
D．Make use of its healing effects.
答案 D [推理判断题。第四段讲述护理人员对于病人沉默的处理技巧。由末句可知答案只能选D。]
4．What may be the best title for the text?
A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold
答案 B [标题归纳题。全文自始至终都是围绕沉默而展开，论述其在不同文化中的含义及影响。因此答案为B。值得注意的是，D项(言语是银，沉默是金)迷惑性较大，但用它作标题，过于片面，不能概括全文。]
Task 2：词汇积累
1．stubborn adj.顽固的；倔强的
stubbornness n．倔强；顽强
2．attempt vt.试图，企图n.企图，努力
3．reflection n．反射；反映；反影 be lost in reflection 沉思
on/upon reflection 仔细想，反省
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4．authority n．权威；权能；权威者
have it on good authority 有可靠的根据
5．rather than (与其……)不如(好)；而不是
Task 3：语法填空
The meaning of silence __1__ (vary) among cultural groups.Silences may be __2__ (thought)，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say.__3__ silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，or worry.Silence may __4__ (view) by some cultural groups as extremely __5__ (comfortable)；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap (间隙) with conversation.Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view __6__ as necessary for understanding a person's needs.
答案 1.varies 2.thoughtful 3.A 4.be viewed 5．uncomfortable 6.it
Task 4：短文改错(下面文字有五处错误，请改正)
Other cultures may use silence other ways，particularly when with conflicts among people in relationships of people with different amounts of power.For example，Russian，French，and Spanish persons may use the silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion.However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than to be rude to that person by arguing with him or her.
Task 5：攻克长难句(分析句子结构，尝试翻译成汉语)
Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what maybe implied(暗示) is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing.
分析：这是一个很复杂的主从复合句。when a person from...是时间状语从句；what maybe implied(暗示)为主语从句；that the person wants...是表语从句；what has been said...是表语从句中的宾语从句。
译文：因此，当一个来自这些文化之一的人在讲话时突然停止了，可能那个人是在继续(讲话)之前暗示听众去思考他之前说了什么。
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