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真题研练41
Task 1：阅读下列材料，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(2016·浙江，A)“Did you hear what happened to Adam last Friday？”Lindsey whispers to Tori.
With her eyes shining，Tori brags，“You bet I did.Sean told me two days ago.”
Who are Lindsey and Tori talking about？It just happens to be yours truly，Adam Freedman.I can tell you that what they are saying is (a) not nice and (b) not even true.Still，Lindsey and Tori aren't very different from most students here at Linton High School，including me.Many of our conversations are gossip(闲话)．I have noticed three effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of satisfaction，and it can cause social pressures in a group.
An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret.The more embarrassing or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as harmless，but cruel lies can cause pain.
If we know that gossip can be harmful，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us.Sharing the latest rumor(传言)can make a person feel important because he or she knows something that others don't.Similarly，hearing the latest rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.”In other words，gossip is satisfying because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感)．
Gossip also can have a third effect：it strengthens unwritten，unspoken rules about how people should act.Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviors in a group.Translated into high school terms，this means that if everybody you hang around with is laughing at what John wore or what Jane said，then you can bet that wearing or saying something similar will get you the same kind of negative attention.The do's and don'ts conveyed through gossip will never show up in any student handbook.
The effects of gossip vary depending on the situation.The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your“juicy
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story”might have.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了传言的危害和人们为什么喜欢传闲话。
1．The author uses a conversation at the beginning of the passage to ________.
A．introduce a topic
B．present an argument
C．describe the characters
D．clarify his writing purpose
答案 A [推理判断题。根据文章第三段的Many of our conversations are gossip.(我们的话题很多都是闲话)，可知开头的对话是为了介绍本文的主题，故选A。]
2．An important negative effect of gossip is that it ________.
A．breaks up relationships
B．embarrasses the listener
C．spreads information around
D．causes unpleasant experiences
答案 D [细节理解题。根据文章第四段的An important negative effect of gossip is that it can hurt the person being talked about.可知主要危害是它会给被讨论的人带来不愉快的经历，故选D。]
3．In the author's opinion，many people like to gossip because it ________.
A．gives them a feeling of pleasure
B．helps them to make more friends
C．makes them better at telling stories
D．enables them to meet important people
答案 A [细节理解题。根据文章第五段的The answer lies in another effect of gossip：the satisfaction it gives us，可知人们散播传言是因为它会带来满足感，故选A。]
4．Professor David Wilson thinks that gossip can ________.
A．provide students with written rules
B．help people watch their own behaviors
C．force schools to improve student handbooks
D．attract the police's attention to group behaviors
答案 B [细节理解题。根据文章第六段的Professor David Wilson explains that gossip is important in policing behaviours in a group.可知他认为传言能帮助人们观察自身的行为，故选B。]
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5．What advice does the author give in the passage?
A．Never become a gossiper.
B．Stay away from gossipers.
C．Don't let gossip turn into lies.
D．Think twice before you gossip.
答案 D [细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的The next time you feel the urge to spread the latest news，think about why you want to gossip and what effects your “juicy story” might have.可知作者的建议是让人们在传言之前三思而后行。故选D。]
Task 2：词汇积累
1．whisper vt.低语，小声说话
2．you bet你可以确信，的确，当然
I bet (that)．..我敢肯定
3．drop out (从活动，竞赛中)退出，中途退学，辍学
She got a scholarship to Cambridge but dropped out a year later.
她得到了剑桥大学的奖学金，但一年后就退学了。
4．hang around 闲待着，等待，闲逛
5．the do's and don'ts规则，准则
If you want to lose weight，here are some do's and don'ts.要想减体重，这是一些注意事项。
6．juicy adj.有趣的(尤指丑闻)；多汁又好的；赚钱的，获利的
Task 3：语法填空
Lindsey and Tori are gossiping (闲话) about Adam.They two are the same __1__ most of the students here，__2__ (include) me.Many of our conversations are gossip.I have noticed __3__ effects of gossip：it can hurt people，it can give gossipers a strange kind of __4__ (satisfy)，and it can cause social pressures in a group.
__5__ important negative effect of gossip is __6__ it can hurt the person being talked about.Usually，gossip __7__ (spread) information about a topic—breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out—that a person __8__ rather keep secret.The __9__ (embarrassing) or shameful the secret is，the juicier the gossip it makes.Probably the worst type of gossip is the absolute lie.People often think of gossipers as __10__ (harm)，but actually it is not the case.
答案 1.as 2.including 3.three 4.satisfaction 5．An 6.that 7.spreads 8.would 9.more embarrassing 10.harmless
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Task 4：短文改错(下面文字有十处错误，请改正)
If we know that gossip can be ，then why do so many of us do it？The answer lies the effect of gossip：the satisfaction what it gives us. the latest rumor(传言) can make a person feel important because he she knows something that others .Similarly，hearing the latest new rumor can make a person feel like part of the “in group.” In other words，gossip is because it gives people a sense of belonging or even superiority(优越感)．The effects of gossip vary depending the situation.So when you want to spread the latest news， about what effects your “juicy story” might have.
Task 5：攻克长难句(分析句子结构，尝试翻译成汉语)
Usually，gossip spreads information about a topic—breakups，trouble at home，even dropping out—that a person would rather keep secret.
分析：本句是一个复合句。that引导定语从句，在从句中作“keep”的宾语，先行词是“a topic”，指物。
译文：通常，流言散播的都是关于某一话题的信息，如分手、家中的麻烦、甚至是辍学等个人想保密的事情。
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