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真题研练59
Task 1：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(2015·安徽，D)There are an extremely large number of ants worldwide.Each individual (个体的) ant hardly weighs anything，but put together they weigh roughly the same as all of mankind.They also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen mountain tops and around the poles.For animals their size，ants have been astonishingly successful，largely due to their wonderful social behavior.
In colonies (群体) that range in size from a few hundred to tens of millions，they organize their lives with a clear division of labor.Even more amazing is how they achieve this level of organization.Where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend primarily on pheromones (外激素)，chemicals sent out by individuals and smelled or tasted by fellow members of their colony.When an ant finds food，it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is.When an individual ant comes under attack or is dying，it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.
In fact，when it comes to the art of war，ants have no equal.They are completely fearless and will readily take_on a creature much larger than themselves，attacking in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their devotion to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives to help defeat an enemy.
Behaving in this selfless and devoted manner，these little creatures have survived on Earth for more than 140 million years，far longer than dinosaurs.Because they think as one，they have a collective (集体的) intelligence greater than you would expect from its individual parts.
【语篇解读】 本文是说明文。文章主要讲的是蚂蚁。单个的蚂蚁显得微不足道，但成群结队的蚂蚁却蕴含着巨大的力量。蚂蚁的数量之众，加起来可以与人类的重量相媲美。蚂蚁分布极为广泛，除了寒冷的山顶和两极地区，几乎到处都有它们的踪影。
1．We can learn from the passage that ants are________.
A．not willing to share food
B．not found around the poles
C．more successful than all other animals
D．too many to achieve any level of organization
答案 B [细节理解题。由第一段中的“They also live nearly everywhere，except on frozen
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mountain tops and around the poles.”可知选B。]
2．Ants can use pheromones for________.
A．escape B．communication
C．warning enemies D．arranging labor
答案 B [细节理解题。由第二段中的“Where we use sound and sight to communicate，ants depend primarily on pheromones(外激素)．..”可知，蚂蚁主要依靠外激素来交流，选B。]
3．What does the underlined expression “take on” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A．Accept. B．Employ.
C．Play with. D．Fight against.
答案 D [词义猜测题。根据下文的 attack和defeat可知选D。]
4．Which of the following contributes most to the survival of ants?
A．Their behavior. B．Their size.
C．Their number. D．Their weight.
答案 A [细节理解题。由第一段最后一句及最后一段第一句可知选A。]
Task 2：词汇积累
1．astonishingly adv.令人吃惊地；令人惊讶地
2．send out 发出；放出
3．completely adv.完全地；彻底地
4．fearless adj.无畏的；大胆的
5．roughly adv.粗略地
6．division n．划分；分界线；分开
7．under attack 遭受攻击
8．conflict n．冲突
9．primarily adv.主要地；起初地
10．sacrifice v．牺牲
Task 3：语法填空
In fact，when it comes __1__ the art of war，ants have no equal.They are __2__ (complete) fearless and will readily take on a creature much __3__ (large) than themselves，__4__ (attack) in large groups and overcoming their target.Such is their __5__ (devote) to the common good of the colony that not only soldier ants but also worker ants will sacrifice their lives __6__ (help) defeat an enemy.
答案 1.to 2.completely 3.larger 4.attacking 5．devotion 6.to help
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Task 4：单句改错
1．There are an extreme large number of ants worldwide.
2．Even more amazing is they achieve this level of organization.
3．When an individual ant comes under attack or is dead，it sends out an alarm pheromone to warn the colony to prepare for a conflict as a defense unit.
4．In fact，when it comes to art of war，ants have no equal.
答案 1.extreme→extremely 2.在is后加上how 3．dead→dying 4.在to后加上the
Task 5：攻克长难句(分析句子结构，尝试翻译成汉语)
When an ant finds food，it produces a pheromone that will lead others straight to where the food is.
分析：本句为复合句。it produces a pheromone是主句，When an ant finds food是时间状语从句；that will lead others straight to where the food is是定语从句，修饰先行词a pheromone。
译文：当蚂蚁发现食物的时候，它产生一种能够引导其它蚂蚁直接去食品所在地的外激素。
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