2018年高考题
【2018·全国I】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years ___61___(long) than non-runners. You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running. While running regularly cann't make you live forever, the review says it ___64___ (be) more effective at lengthening life___65___ walking, cycling or swimming. Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014___66___showed a mere five to 10 minutes A day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all ___67___(cause).
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. But otherwise… it's probably running. To avoid knee pain, you can run on soft surfaces, do exercises to___68___(strength)your leg muscles(肌肉),avoid hills and get good running shoes. Running is cheap, easy and it's always___69___(energy).If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give___70___a try.
【答案】61. longer
62. to see 63. dying
64. is 65. than
66. that \which
67. causes 68. strength
69. energetic
70. it \running
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了跑步的好处，它可以帮助人们延年益寿。
63. 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。
64. 考查动词的时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时。故填is。
65. 考查比较句型。跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。根据文章中的more effective可知此处填than。
66. 考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语，故填that或which。
点睛：本文比较难的一个题是10题。短语give it a try不容易想出来。give a try试试。Give sb sth； give sth to sb这些短语学生都很清楚。但give后加it或sth的形式，比较少见。高考复习要尽可能多的复习相关的短语，尤其是用的比较多，而课本中出现较少的短语。
【2018·全国II】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ___62___ past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ___63___ (actual) behind the change: An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality. Corn uses less water ___65___ rice and creates less fertilizer(化肥) runoff. This switch has decreased ___66___ (pollute) in the country's major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ___67___ (globe)fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when
the government ___68___ (start) a soil-testing program ___69___ gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.
【答案】61. has grown
62. the 63. actually
64. to improve
65. than 66. pollution
67. global 68. started
69. that/which
70. feeding
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认可。
63. 考查副词。句意：对肉的需求实际上是这种变化的背后原因。句子结构完整，用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
64. 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。
65. 考查连词。句意：玉米比大米使用的水更少。根据关键词less可知，填比较连词。故填than。
66. 考查词性转换。句意：这一转变减少了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染，使人们的饮用水更加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语，故填pollution。
67. 考查词性转换。句意：中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语，故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
68. 考查谓语动词。句意：在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句，由于时间是2005年，故用过去时。故填started。
69. 考查定语从句关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which，故填that或者which。
70. 考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
点睛：学会分析句子成分。The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 - when the government started a soil-testing program which /that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011，fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 这句话中有两个定语从句。一个是关系副词when引导的定语从句，先行词是2005，the government是主语，a soil-testing program是宾语，故此空缺少谓语动词，我们可以看出时态是一般过去时。另一个是关系代词指代program引导的定语从句，先行词是program，gives是第三人称谓语动词，可以看出是考查关系词。代指物并作主语，关系词要用that/which。
【2018·全国III】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
I'm not sure _____61_____ is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩）that suddenly appears out of nowhere. I'm walking on a path in the forest in the Central African Republic. Unexpectedly, I'm face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at ____62____ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream, and then a 400-pound male appears. He screams the
___63___(loud)of all. The noise shakes the trees as the male beats his chest and charges toward me. I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).
My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a ___66___(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys. I was searching ___67___ these three western lowland gorillas I'd been observing. No one had seen them for hours, and my colleagues and I were worried.
When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ____68____(they) alive. True to a gorilla's unaggressive nature, the huge animal ____69____(mean)me no real harm. He was just saying: "I'm king of this forest, and here is your reminder!" Once his message was delivered, he
allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.
【答案】61. which
62. the 63. loudest
64. looking
65. challenged
66. scientist
67. for 68. them
69. meant 70. to stay
【解析】本文为记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在中非偶遇大猩猩，彼此惊恐的经历。
64. 考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。
65. 考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。
66. 考查名词。根据语境可知，我是一名科学家。scientist科学家。
【点睛】此题考查固定搭配较多，其中第2,4,7，10 都为固定搭配，对于这类题目我们需要熟练掌握动词的固定搭配以及介词短语。而此题的第一题则考查从句，对于从句我们可以通过分析句子成分确定连接词的选择。如本题为宾语从句，宾语从句中缺主语，所以应该从连接代词who，whom，what，which，whose，再根据指人做主语可判断用which。
【2018·浙江】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1
个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ___56___(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners ___57___ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ___58___ can be to eat out. I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to ___61___(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ___62___(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even ___63___ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ___64___(weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ___65___ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【答案】56. dishes
57. who/that
58. it 59. visiting
60. was shocked
61. have become
62. affordable
63. higher 64. weight
65. for
【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。
56. 考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
57. 考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
60. 考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。
61. 考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
62. 考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的，系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”故填affordable。
63. 考查形容词比较级。此处修饰名词cost用形容词，由even表示程度修饰比较级，故填higher。
64. 考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
65. 考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示目的用介词for，故填for。
2017年高考题
语法填空
[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There has been a recent trend in the food service industry towards lower fat content and less salt. This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) 61.________ a method of fighting heart disease, has had some unintended side 62.________ (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight.
Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63.________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions. When fat and salt 64.________ (remove) from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something. As 65.________ result, people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing. Even 66.________ (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. Fast food 67.________ (be) full of fat and salt; by 68.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they
need in their diet.
Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food. However, be 69.________ (care) not to go to extremes. Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70.________ is not good for the health.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了对于食物中的脂肪和盐分，人们的态度不一。脂肪和盐分对于健康来说是必不可少的，但如果人们摄入过多的脂肪和盐分，自身的健康将会受到损害。
61. as 考查介词。这个做法最初是医学界作为一种对抗心脏病的形式开始的。as表示“作为”，故填as。
62. effects 考查名词复数。分析语境可知作者表达的意思是“一些意料之外的副作用”，根据前文的some可知副作用有很多，故填effects。
66. worse 考查比较级。更糟糕的是，人们所吃的快餐的数量增加了。故填worse。
67. is 考查主谓一致。fast food的意思是“快餐”，表示一类食物，为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。
68. eating 考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。
69. careful 考查形容词。分析语境可知be后面应该用形容词作表语，故填careful。
70. which 考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的to have too much of both，即“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”。故填which。
【名师点睛】
语法填空题的考查形式为：在一篇200词左右的语篇（短文或对话）中留出10处空白，部分空白的后面给出单词的基本形式，要求考生根据上下文填写空白处所需的内容或所提供单词的正确形式，所填写词语不得多于3
个单词。考生须灵活运用语法知识，如单词词性、单词时态、名词单复数、连接词、代词、冠词等判断各空白处应填写的内容。具体考查形式有以下几种：
一、给出动词基本形态，填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词)，或填写谓语部分，可能需要填写两个或三个词，或是填写非谓语动词；
二、给出形容词，需要填写比较级、最高级，或词性词形转化，转化为副词，或是填写反义词(前缀)；
三、给出副词，填写比较级、最高级，或是填写反义词；
四、不给提示词，主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。
有提示词：考查谓语动词，非谓语动词，形容词，副词
例如第62题has had some unintended side 62 (effect) such as overweight and heart disease，给出了提示词effect。考生可以从词性变化和单复数两方面考虑，effect可变为形容词effective，变为副词effectively，分析语境可知划线处应该填名词，不需要做词性上的变化。所以考生可以从单复数方面考虑，根据划线处前的some可知应该填名词的复数形式。所以考生可以确定正确答案为effects。
无提示词：考查冠词，介词，连词，代词
例如第70题it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for the health. 结合语境可知作者要表达“很可能摄入过多的脂肪和盐，那对健康没有好处”的意思。分析可知which is not good for the health为非限制性定语从句，先行词为前文中的have too much of both“摄入过多的脂肪和盐”，所以填which。
[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just under seven kilometres and allowed people to avoid terrible 61.________ (crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and 62.________ work. It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road, 63.________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.________ top. When all those had been done, the road surface was replaced.
Steam engines 65.________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been 66.________ (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using 67.________ every day.
Later, engineers 68.________ (manage) to construct railways in a system of deep tunnels (隧道),
which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible with the 69.________ (introduce) of electric powered engines and lifts. The Central London Railway was one of the most 70.________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.
[文章大意] 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地铁的最初发展史。
61. crowds 考查名词复数。伦敦人口众多，导致路面交通拥堵，于是修建地铁。用crowds这一复数形式，表示不断涌现的人群，用来形容人口稠密。
62. from 考查介词。与前面的介词to一起来表示上下班(to and from work)。
63. laying 考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。
64. the 考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。
70. successful 考查形容词。形容词与定冠词连用，相当于名词，由于该词后有介词of结构，故只能用形容词。
【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的【小题69】，横线前是冠词the，所以横线上要使用名词introduction。【小题66】，在英语中，副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词fairly作状语修饰形容词pleasant。
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。
考点：考查语法填空
[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
She looks like any other schoolgirl, fresh faced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new A level course. But unlike her school friends, 16 year old Sarah is not spending half term 61.________ (rest). Instead, she is earning ￡6，500 a day as 62.________ model in New York.
Sarah 63.________ (tell) that she could be Britain's new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44，wants her to give up school to model full time. But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her 66.________ (educate)．
She has turned down several 67.________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. After school she plans to take a year off to model full time before going to university to get a degree 68.________ engineering or architecture.
Sarah says, “My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at the moment, school 69.________ (come) first. I don't want to get too absorbed in modelling. It is 70.________ (certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more.”
【文章大意】 文章介绍了纽约市16岁的高中女孩萨拉，她不仅学习成绩好，长得漂亮，而且是一名收入不菲的时装模特。她爸爸希望她退学专门从事模特行业，但是她以学业为重，坚持学业和工作两不误。
61. resting 考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。
62. a 考查冠词。根据句意和语境可知，萨拉只是纽约众多模特中的一个，是泛指；而且model的第一个音素是辅音音素，故用不定冠词a。
65. to prove 考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。
66. education 考查名词。前面是形容词性物主代词her，故用名词形式。
67. invitations 考查名词复数。根据句意“她拒绝了几个邀请”可知，此处需要填名词，而且invitation是可数名词，前面有several修饰，故用复数形式。
68. in 考查介词。get a degree in是固定搭配，意为“在……方面获得学位”。
69. comes 考查动词的时态。根据at the moment可知这个句子应用一般现在时，而且主语是单数，故用comes。
70. certainly 考查副词。certainly在此处修饰形容词fun。
【名师点睛】语法填空要求考生阅读一篇短文，然后按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求完成10道语法填空题。做题要求：一是在空格处填入适当的词；二是使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。纯空格题一般要填冠词、介词、连词、代词等，如果是物主代词，则空后需跟名词，比如66题。而有提示词的需要根据语境，分析句子结构，判断所填词的词性，再确定所填词的形式。例如67题，several是修饰复数名词的词，所以判断后面用名词的复数形式。
[2017·浙江卷6月考]
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last October, while tending her garden in Mora, Sweden, Lena Pahlsson pulled out a handful of small 56.________ (carrot) and was about to throw them away. But something made her look closer, and she noticed a 57.________ (shine) object. Yes, there beneath the leafy top of one tiny carrot was her long lost wedding ring.
Pahlsson screamed 58.________ loudly that her daughter came running from the house. “She thought I had hurt 59.________ (I)，” says Pahlsson.
Sixteen years 60.________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61.________ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't.
Pahlsson and her husband 62.________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it.
Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it. For Pahlsson, its return was 65.________ wonder.
【文章大意】 本文是一则小故事，主要讲述了Lena Pahlsson在16年前丢失了结婚戒指，现在失而复得的故事。
60. earlier 考查比较级。此处语意表示“16年前”，故填earlier。
【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的57题，“she noticed a 57 (shine) object”，句中a为冠词，object为名词，横线处应填写形容词。故填shiny或shining 。
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。
考点：考查语法填空
2016年高考题
1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels. But for tourists like me, pandas are its top____61_(attract).
So it was a great honour to be invited backstage at the not-for-profit Panda Base, where ticket money helps pay for research, I_____62_（allow）to get up close to these cute animals at the 600-acre centre. From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be __63___(official) given to me at a ceremony in London. But my connection with pandas goes back ____64__ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, ____65_ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.
On my recent visit, I help a lively three-month-old twin that had been rejected by _____68_ (it) mother. The nursery team switches him every few __69__( day) with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed, __70____ other is with mum-she never suspects.
【答案】
61. attraction 62. was allowed 63. officially 64. to 65. when
66. permitted 67. introducing 68. its 69. days 70. the
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者作为特邀人员在四川成都的大熊猫基地的所见所闻。
67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。
68. its考查代词。 修饰名词用形容词性的物主代词，故填its。
69. days考查名词复数。Few修饰复数名词。
【归纳总结】修饰复数名词的词和短语包括：many, few, a few, several, a number of, hundreds of等。修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：much, a little, little , a bit of等。既能修饰复数名词又能修饰不可数名词的词和短语包括：more , such, plenty of, a lot of , lots of, a quantity of, quantities of等。
70. the考查冠词。固定短语：one …the other“一个……另一个”。
考点：语法填空
【归纳总结】
语法填空题的考查范围：动词（时态、语态、主谓一致、非谓语形式）、名词、代词、冠词、介词、数词，连词，固定搭配、情态动词、复合句、形容词和副词的比较级最高级及构词法、倒装、虚拟语气，省略、强调等。
如：63题是考查副词；68题考查代词；69题考查名词复数；70题考查冠词等。
解题策略：1.略读理解—分析填空—连贯检查（语法正确、语意连贯、拼写正确、书写规范、大小写准确）
2. 了解语法、词法、句法、章法和惯用法。
2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step back and identify (识别)those of 41 (great)and less importance. Then, handle the most important tasks first so you’ll
feel a real sense of 42 (achieve). Leaving the less important things until tomorrow 43 (be) often acceptable.
Most of us are more focused 44 our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day. So, get an early start and try to be as productive 45 possible before lunch. This will give you the confidence you need to get you through the afternoon and go home feeling accomplished.
Recent 46 (study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks 47 (regular). Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for 48 while, exercising, or dong something you enjoy.
If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home. It could be anything-gardening, cooking, music, sports—but whatever it is, 50 (make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about.
【答案】41. greater 42. achievement 43. is 44. on 45. as
46. studies 47. regularly 48. a 49. to bring 50. make
【解析】
试题分析：本文属于说明，告诉我们当工作压力太大的时候，应该怎么做来合理释放压力。
44.on 考查固定搭配。形容词短语be focused on集中于....；很多人早晨对任务的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。
45.as 考查固定搭配。短语as...as....和...一样；正是因为人们早晨的注意力更为集中，所以我们要早起，要和午饭之前一样的高效率。
46.studies 考查名词单复数。本句的谓语动词是show，说明主语是复数名词studies。
47.regualrly 考查副词。在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。
【名师点睛】
在语法填空中，我们要特别注意词性转换题。如本文的【小题42】，横线前面有介词of，横线上要使用名词achievement作为of的宾语。【小题47】，在英语副词通常做状语修饰形容词、副词或动词，形容词通常在句中做定语或表语修饰名词。所以本句中使用副词regularly做状语修饰动词take short breaks。
词类转换题要先确定所要填的单词在句中的成分。
技巧1：作表语、定语或补语，通常用形容词形式。
技巧2：作主语，或在及物动词或介词后作宾语，用名词形式。
技巧3：修饰动词、形容词、副词，或整个句子，作状语，用副词形式。
技巧4：括号中所给词为动词时，也不一定是考动词的时态语态或非谓语动词， 有可能考词类转换；若是形容词或副词，有可能考查其比较级或最高级。
技巧5：词义转换题。词类不一定要变，主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词，需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系，在词根前加un-, im-，il-, ir-，in-, non-, dis-等，在词根后加-less等。
考点：考查语法填空
3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
In much of Asia, especially the so-called ＂rice bowl＂ cultures of China, Japan, Korea, 41 Vietnam, food is usually eaten with chopsticks.
Chopsticks are usually two long, thin pieces of wood or bamboo. They can also be made of plastic, animal bone or metal. Sometimes chopsticks are quite artistic. Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.
The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked
their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. Over time, 45 the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.
Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which 46 (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, 47 lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the 48 (develop) of chopsticks. Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and 49 (be) too violent for use at the table.
Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat 50 their hands.
【答案】
41. and
42. be made
43. to create
44. using
45. as/when
46. gradually
47. who
48. development
49. were
50. with
【解析】
试题分析：本题主要考查词法和句法知识，集中考查了词性转换，并列句，定语从句，状语从句和非谓语动词等语法知识。
44.using考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。
45.as/when考查时间状语从句。句意：随着人口的增长，人们开始把食物切成小块，这样可以煮得快一点，这里是时间状语从句，when意为“当……时候”，后跟长动作或短动作，故填as／when。
46.gradually考查副词。副词修饰动词或形容词，这里修饰动词短语turned into，应该用副词，故填gradually。
47. who考查非限制性定语从句。剧中有逗号，说明是非限制性定语从句，先行词是Confucius孔子，定语从句缺少主语，且指人，故填who。
考点：名词；介词；副词；并列连词；非谓语动词；定语从句；状语从句。
【名师点睛】
语法填空的解题技巧
语法填空是通过语篇在语境中考查语法知识的运用能力。我们在解题前应快速浏览短文掌握大意，有把握的空格可以进行填写。在读懂的基础上，再结合短文提供的特定的语言环境去逐句分析逐题解答。按题型设计分三种情况：
1. 纯空格试题的解题技巧
首先分析句子结构，根据所缺成分确定哪类词。然后根据句子意思，确定具体填什么词，或根据两句间的逻辑关系确定具体用哪个连词。比如第41空，45空，47空和50空，41空考查并列连词，45空考查时间状语从句，47空考查非限制性定语从句，50空考查介词。
2. 给出了动词的试题解题技巧
首先，判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。若句子没有别的谓语动词或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系，所给动词就是谓语动词，若是谓语动词就要考虑时态和语态；若句子有谓语动词则用非谓语动词（动词不定式、现在分词、动名词和过去分词）。比如42空，43空和49空，给的是动词，根据句意可知42空是动词词组，43空是不定式表目的，49空是并列的谓语。
3. 词汇转换题解题技巧
这类题主要考查名词、形容词和副词。根据所给词在句中所做句子成分确定用哪种形式。比如46空和48空，分别考查动词转换为名词和形容词转换为副词。
4.【2016·上海】(B)
Stress: Good or Bad?
Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.
In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.
To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving
house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.
【答案】
33. has been regarded 34. that 35. better 36. a 37. you 38. annoyed 39. control 40. to get
【解析】
试题分析：本文是一篇说明文，压力成为了我们生活中常见的一个词汇。文章告诉我们一定范围之内的压力能促进我们的工作，但一旦压力过大，就会给我们的生活带来很多负面的影响。
34. that 考查强调句型。强调句型的基本结构为It is/was被强调成分that/who其它成分；其最大的特点就是去掉it is/was…that/who…句子仍然成立。要注意强调句型能强调除谓语动词以为的所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress。
35. better 考查固定句式“The+比较级.....， the+比较级”意为“越....就越.....”。本句句意：你承受的压力越大，你的表现就会越好。所以本空使用good的比较级形式better.
36. a 考查固定短语。短语a number of许多，大量；该形容词短语通常做定语修饰可数名词复数形式，本句中使用a number of修饰可数名词复数形式questions。
37. you 考查上下文串联。句意：例如，你是否感觉到对你期待得太多了？本句的主语是you，所以仍然使用宾格you作为介词of的宾语。
【名师点睛】
本文【小题34】考查了强调句型的用法。强调句是一种修辞方法，是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种形式：
强调句型：“It is（was）＋被强调的部分＋that（who）＋原句其它部分”来强调说话人的意愿：
It was on Monday night that all this happened．所有这一切发生在周一晚上。
It’s me that he blamed．他怪的是我。
强调句型最重要的句型是： It is (was) ＋ 被强调部分＋ that／ who ＋ 句子的其它成份 。
英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成份进行强调。如：
It is they who ／that will have a meeting tomorrow． (强调主语)
It is a meeting that they will have tomorrow． (强调宾语)
It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting． (强调时间状语)
应注意的要点:
1．强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）和状语。其中的it 本身没有词义。
2．强调句中的连接词一般只用who(指人)或that(可指物，也可指人)，若被强调的是状语，也只能用that ，而不能用when 或者where。而且连接词都不能省略。如： It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday． (虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。)
3．强调句子的主语时，that 或who 之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：
It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds．
4．强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。
即It is ．．． that／who．．．和It was ．．．that／who．．．。
如： It was the way he asked that really upset me．
5．判断一个句子是否是强调句的方法是：如果将句中的It is／was．．．that／who．．．去掉，经整理后还是一个完整的句子，本句就是强调句。否则，就不是。
如： It was in today's newspaper that we found the news．
去掉It was ．．．that 之后，句子可以整理为:We found the news in today's newspaper．
这是一个完整的句子，故本句是强调句。
常见考法:
1．用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：
It was for this reason that he left that school．
It was in this way that he solved the problem．
2．用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：
It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty．
3．用 not until 复杂结构作为被强调的部分。如：
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star．
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began．
4．在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：
It was on July 7th 1975 when he was born that his father died．
5．通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句等。如：
Was it during the Second World War that he died？
When was it that the sports meeting began？
It was not Tom that stole the book．
Wasn't it he that had made a mistake？
6．通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用 is 或 was外 ，还可以在其前面加上 may ／ might ／must 等表示推测的情态动词。
如： It might be him that you met yesterday．
考点：考查语法填空
5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
【题文】The giant panda 41 (love) by people throughout the world.Chinese scientists 42 (recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.She was a very 43 (care)mother.For 25days,she never left her baby,not even to find something 44 (eat)!She would not let any other pandas come near.She licked the baby constantly to keep it clean.Any smell might attract natural 45 (enemy)that would try to eat the little comforting pats.The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. 46 it cried,she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats,The mother continued to care for the young panda 47 more than two years.By that time,the panda no longer needed 48 (it)mother for food.However,it stayed with her and leaned about the ways of the forest.Then,after two and a half years,the mother 49 (drive)the young panda away.It was time for her to have a new baby,50 it was also time for the young panda
to be independent.
【答案】41.is loved 42.recently 43.caring/careful 44.to eat 45.enemies
46.When/If 47.for 48.its 49.drove 50.and
【解析】
试题分析：本文讲的是妈妈熊猫和她的孩子的故事。
41.is loved 句意：大熊猫被全世界的人喜欢。根据句意可知用一般现在时态的被动语态，The giant panda是单数第三人称形式，故填is loved。
42.recently 副词修饰动词，故填recently。
43.caring/careful 此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。
44.to eat 句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。
48.its 句意：小熊猫不再需要它妈妈的食物。形容词性物主代词修饰名词，故填its。
49.drove 句意：然后，两年半后妈妈让小熊猫离开。根据句意可知用一般过去时态，故填drove。
50.and 句意：现在是她该有一个小宝宝的时间了，同时也是小熊猫该独立的时间了。此处表示并列，是一个并列句，故填and。
考点：考查语法填空
2015年高考试题
1.[2015·全国卷Ⅱ]
The adobe dwellings(土坯房) 61.________(build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by even 62.________ most modern of architects and engineers. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their 63.________(able) to “air condition” a house without 64.________(use)electric equipment.Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat 65.________(slow) during cool nights，thus warming the house. When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold
enough 66.________ (cool) the house during the hot day; 67.________ the same time, they warm up again for the night. This cycle 68.________ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. As 69.________(nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly 70.________thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.
[解析]
文章大意：土坯房比现在的房子好在冬暖夏凉。现代的建筑师都很羡慕这样的房子不用空调就能很好地调节室内的温度，不过关键是这房子的墙的厚度。
65. slowly 根据空格前面的give out that heat和后面的during cool nights可知，这里使用副词修饰动词短语give out。
66. to cool 结合空格前面的cold enough可知后面使用不定式形式，构成“be＋adj. enough to do sth”的句型。
67. at 此处是一个固定词组。at the same time与此同时。
68. goes 此处指前面提到的循环不断地持续下去。The cycle的谓语动词用单数，且为一般现在时。
69. natural 结合空格后面的architects可知此处要用形容词作定语修饰后面的名词，因此填natural。
70. how 根据空格后面的thick是一个形容词，因此填how，引导宾语从句，作figured out 的宾语。
2.[2015·全国卷Ⅰ]
Yangshuo, China
It was raining lightly when I 61.________(arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn't care. A few hours 62.________， I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with 63.________(it) choking smog. Here, the air was clean and fresh, even with the rain.
I'd skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and
dark waters of the Li River 64.________are pictured by artists in so many Chinese 65.________(painting). Instead, I'd headed straight for Yangshuo. For those who fly to Guilin, it's only an hour away 66.________ car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.
Yangshuo 67.________(be) really beautiful. A study of travellers 68.________(conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it 69.________(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people 70.________(live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
【文章大意】 本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者到阳朔游玩的经历和感受。
61．arrived 考查动词的时态。天亮之前“我”到了阳朔，当时天下着小雨。根据前后句时态可知用一般过去时。
62．before/earlier 考查副词的用法。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里。注意不可以用ago。
63．its 考查形容词性物主代词。几个小时前，“我”在香港的家里，呼吸着令人窒息的烟雾。后面为名词，故用its。
64．that/which 考查定语从句。漓江被许多艺术家绘画。此处考查定语从句，先行词为Li River，在从句中作主语。
69．regularly 考查副词的用法。该旅游公司定期为人们安排这里适合旅行的地方。这里用副词修饰动词。
70．living 考查现在分词作定语。这里指住在上海和香港的人们。现在分词作后置定语表示主动关系。
3.[2015·广东卷]
Mr Johnson lived in the woods with his wife and children. He owned __16__ farm, which looked almost abandoned. __17__ (lucky), he also had a cow which produced milk every day. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby __18__ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what __19__ (leave). The cow was their only means of support, in fact. One day, the cow was eating grass __20__ it began to rain heavily. While making great efforts to run away, she __21__ (fall) over the hill and died. Then the Johnsons had to make a living __22__ the cow. In order to support his family, Mr Johnson began to plant herbs and vegetables. Since the plants took a while to grow, he started cutting down trees __23__ (sell) the wood. Thinking about his children's clothes, he started growing cotton too. When harvest came around, he was already selling herbs, vegetables and cotton in the market __24__ people from the towns met regularly. Now it occurred to __25__ that his farm had much potential and that the death of the cow was a bit of luck.
【文章大意】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是约翰逊先生一家靠着农场里的奶牛维持生活，但是一次意外奶牛死了，约翰逊先生不得不想其他办法维持生活。他一边种药草和蔬菜，一边砍树去集上卖木头。最终丰收来临，他将药草和蔬菜卖给镇上的人。上帝在给他关上了一扇门的时候，又给他打开了另一扇门。
16. a 考查冠词。名词farm第一次出现，表示泛指，故填a。
17. Luckily 考查副词。用副词修饰整个句子。
18. for 考查介词。根据句中的exchange可知，用介词for。exchange for交换，兑换。
19. was left 考查动词的时态和语态。文章中的时态都是用的过去时，what与leave是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。
23. to sell 考查非谓语动词。砍树的目的是卖木头。不定式作目的状语。
24. where 考查定语从句的连接词。句中的in the market
是先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，故用引导词where。
25. him 考查代词。It occurred to sb that…某人突然想到……。这是一个固定的句型，因为这篇短文讲述的是约翰逊先生的故事，故填him。
2014年高考试题
语法填空
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅰ]
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Are you facing a situation that looks impossible to fix?
In 1969，the pollution was terrible along the Cuyahoga River near Cleveland, Ohio. It __61__(be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up. The river was so polluted that it __62__(actual)caught fire and burned. Now, years later, this river is one of __63__ most outstanding examples of environmental clean up.
But the river wasn't changed in a few days __64__ even a few months. It took years of work __65__(reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water. Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is __66__(clean) than ever.
Maybe you are facing an impossible situation. Maybe you have a habit __67__ is driving your family crazy. Possibly you drink too much or don't know how to control your credit card use. When you face such an impossible situation，don't you want a quick fix and something to change immediately?
While there are __68__(amaze) stories of instant transformation, for most of us the __69__(change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. Just be __70__(patience).
【文章大意】 本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了当人们遇到看起来不可能做的事情时应该怎样做。短文以治理长期被污染的河流为例，为我们讲述了这样的道理：对于我们大多数人来说，做出改变需要的是努力和耐心。
61. was 上文提到的事情是1969年的事情，所以这里应该用过去式。
62. actually 这里应该用副词来修饰动词caught。actually实际上。
66. cleaner 现在河里的水比以前更清了。根据后面的比较连词than可知这里应该用比较级，故用cleaner。
67. that/which 也许你有一个使你的家人发疯的习惯。这里habit是先行词，which或that引导的是定语从句，并且在从句中作主语，不能省略。
68. amazing 空格处应该用形容词来修饰后面的名词。amazing令人吃惊的；amazed感到吃惊的。
69. changes 对于我们大多数人来说，变化是逐渐的，需要很多努力和工作。因为这里缺少的是句子的主语，根据谓语动词are可知主语应该是复数，故用changes。
70. patient patience是名词，因为空格前有系动词be，所以这里应该用形容词patient。
[2014·新课标全国卷Ⅱ] 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 (不多于3个单词) 或括号内单词的正确形式。
One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop, worried about__61__(be) late for school. There were many people waiting at the bus stop, __62__ some of them looked very anxious and __63__(disappoint). When the bus finally came, we all hurried on board. I got a place next __66__ the window, so I had a good view of the sidewalk. A boy on a bike __65__(catch) my attention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused __66__(stop) until we reached the next stop. Still, the boy kept __67__(ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. Finally, when we came to the next stop, the boy ran up to the door of the bus. I heard an excited conversation. Then the driver stood up and asked，“__68__ anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop？” A woman on the bus shouted, “Oh, dear! It's __69__(I)．” She pushed her way to the driver and took the suitcase thankfully. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers __70__(sudden) became friendly to one another.
61. being 介词about后使用v. ing形式，因此用being。
62. and 根据语境可知上下文之间是顺接关系，故用and连接。
63. disappointed 本句的主语是some of them，所以使用形容词作表语。
64. to next to…在……旁边。
65. caught 根据文章第一句“One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop…”可知本文叙述的是一件过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时。
66. to stop refuse to do sth拒绝做某事。不定式作动词refuse的宾语。
67. riding keep doing sth不停地做某事 。
68. Did 本句是直接引语，是一个一般疑问句。因为询问的是过去发生的事情，所以使用助动词did。
69. me/mine 此处可以使用名词性物主代词mine，相当于my suitcase。
70. suddenly 此处应该使用副词来修饰句子的谓语动词，在句中作状语。
[2014·辽宁卷]
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Jonny：Hey！I'm just practising Tai Chi(太极)．Would you like to join me?
Peter：I know nothing about it.Is it difficult?
Jonny：It seems easy，but you need a lot of practice.You just follow me like this.
Peter：OK.Don't laugh __61__ me.I may look funny.
Jonny：Bend your knees slightly and reach out your arms like tree branches，naturally and __62__ (soft)．Try to keep your body straight.Move slowly，then be sure to keep your balance and don't let your body shake.
Peter：I cannot control my body well.My legs become __63__(pain)．
Jonny：Keep __64__(hold) your position for a while.It helps develop your strength and flexibility.Raise your leg and let __65__ stay in the air for seconds.
Peter：I feel my legs shaking.I cannot do this any longer.
Jonny：Be patient！Tai Chi __66__(call) “shadow boxing” in English.It asks you to act like water：to be flexible as well __67__ strong.In real competition，a Tai Chi master borrows the strength of the competitor and uses this energy to fight back.The __68__(hard) you try to beat him，the more likely you will get hit.He controls you!
Peter：Unbelievable！Oh…，__69__ you don't mind，I'll stop and take a deep __70__.
【答案】
【小题1】at
【小题2】softly
【小题3】painful
【小题4】holding
【小题5】it
【小题6】is called
【小题7】as
【小题8】harder
【小题9】if
【小题10】breath
【解析】
试题分析：
【小题6】考查被动语态。这句话的意思是：太极在英语中被称为是shadow boxing，这里用一般现在时的被动：is called。
【小题7】考查词组as well as。句意：它要求你表现的象水一样，要灵活也要有力。填as
考点：考查语法填空
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