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阅读理解
(2018·江西名校联盟检测)Several decades ago, educators in the U．S．A． began to call attention to a national problem: most students leave American schools without the mathematical skills needed for jobs or for higher education.This was especially true for female and minority students.The Educational Testing Service reported that, in an international survey, American teenagers had the lowest math scores.
This situation has been defined as “innumeracy”， or the inability to grasp the basic idea of mathematics.Mathematicians, teachers, and scientists were alarmed by these findings.They looked for the reasons and decided that, in addition to poor education, there are many psychological blocks.
Embarrassment about not knowing math can lead to fear in the classroom.Fear can lead to silence because students do not want to draw attention to their lack of knowledge.As a result, those students fall further and further behind.Low__visibility__in__the__classroom__has__not
always been__recognized__as__a__silent__call__for__help.
Math educators decided to try to change that.Math reform is beginning with the educators themselves.Teachers are now being trained to recognize and to help students work through “math anxiety”—the roadblock on their way to gaining competence in mathematics.In addition, math textbooks are being updated to help students understand that math is not a sort of foreign language of numbers.Math is a tool that helps us to analyze patterns and structures, and to discover relationships.
Traditional computing skills of addition, subtraction, multiplication and division are still being taught, of course. However, there is added emphasis on logical thinking and creative problem solving, to which there may be several equally valid solutions.
【解题导语】 本文讲述了美国学生无法掌握数学基本概念的现象、原因及相应的对策。
1．What does the underlined sentence probably mean?
A．Students with low scores fear to ask their teachers for help.
B．Poor equipment in classrooms limits teens’ chances to learn.
C．Math anxiety, hardly noticed, is actually a silent call for help.
D．Poorsighted students can’t see clearly, which is a silent call for help.
C 解析：句意理解题。根据上下文及画线句前面的“Embarrassment about not knowing math can lead to fear in the classroom.Fear can lead to silence because students do not want to draw attention to their lack of knowledge.”可知，学生会因自己不懂某些数学知识感到尴尬，而这又会使他们产生恐惧心理，恐惧可能导致沉默，因为学生不想让人注意到自己知识匮乏，相应地，老师也就会忽略学生这方面的不足，由此可知，C项最能传达该画线句的含义。
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2．Which may lead to American students’ innumeracy?
A．The methods of teaching.
B．The difficulty of math itself.
C．Students’ lack of interest in math.
D．Schools’ not attaching enough value to it.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“in addition to poor education”及第四段的内容尤其是“Math reform is beginning with the educators themselves.Teachers are now being trained to recognize and to help students...gaining competence in mathematics.”可知，教学方法可能是美国学生不能掌握数学基本概念的原因。
3．What may be discussed in the following paragraph?
A．What to be taught in America’s revised math programs.
B．How to make math reform actually benefit American students.
C．How to improve teens’ logical thinking and problemsolving abilities.
D．Why traditional computing skills are necessary in mathematics education.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“there is added emphasis on logical thinking and creative problem solving, to which there may be several equally valid solutions”可知，文章接下来可能会陈述有关怎样提高学生的逻辑思维能力及创造性地解决问题的能力方面的内容，故选C。
4．What is the passage mainly about?
A．Mathematic skills needed for higher education.
B．The features of America’s mathematics education.
C．Improvements in mathematics education in the U．S.
D．The importance of mathematics education in the U．S.
C 解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文作者就美国学生无法掌握数学基本概念的现象、原因及相应的对策进行了陈述，故C项最能概括文章的主要内容。
七选五
(2018·湖北部分重点中学高三起点考试)
How to Avoid a Boring Conversation
What excuses should you use to avoid talking to people you don’t want to talk to？Here are tips and inoffensive ways to get out of unwanted conversations.
·Go for a refill(续杯)．
It is natural for anyone at a party to be excused to get a refill.1.________And once you excuse yourself，make a move fast before the person requests you to get a refill for him as well.
·Pretend bad mood.
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Cut off the conversation before it starts by saying something along the lines of “I’m not in a good mood.Can I talk to you later if you don’t mind？” 2.________Say it firmly so that people get the message loud and clear.
·Ask your friend to save you.
3．________Simply text your friend and ask him or her to come for apparently something important.You will be able to skip a boring chat with a seemingly reasonable excuse.
·4.________
You are advised to look away from that person and don’t make eye contact，so that you can give powerful hints (暗示) that you find the conversation extremely boring.5.________Be sure to tune in to the conversation every now and then so you don’t come across as rude.
A．Behave in an obviously careless way.
B．Just be sure that the person you are talking to does not offer to accompany you to do so.
C．Don’t act too polite in an attempt to draw sympathy.
D．Use body language to indicate boredom.
E．Your friend is bound to perform brilliantly in coping with the dull one.
F．Look elsewhere and pretend that something else has caught your attention.
G．Stuck in an unwanted conversation，how do you get out of it?
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了怎样避免无聊的谈话。
1．B 解析：选项B中的so就是指空前的“get a refill”这一行为；同时空后的“make a move fast...as well”与选项B的内容相呼应。
2．C 解析：空后的代词it指代空处前一句中的“I’m not in a good mood.Can I talk to you later if you don’t mind？”，所以空处及后一句与这一问题有关；同时后一句中的“Say it firmly”与选项C“不要为了获得同情而表现得太礼貌”在内容和语气方面是一致的。
3．G 解析：根据该段的主题句以及空后两句可知，空后的两句话是对选项G这一疑问句的回答，选项G能够引出下文，符合语境。
4．D 解析：根据上文中的主题句都使用祈使句这一特点可知，该段也应用祈使句作主题句；同时根据该段中的第一句可知，把目光从这个人身上移开，不要有眼神交流，这样可以给对方强烈的暗示，使其发现这段谈话极其无聊，这与选项D “使用肢体语言暗示厌烦”相吻合。
5．F 解析：空处起承上启下的作用，且根据该段主题句可知，使用肢体语言暗示厌烦，所以选项F “看向别处并假装你的注意力被其他东西吸引”与之吻合。
语法填空
(2018·长春监测)On the first day of her work, Sally found that a class full of problems was waiting for her. She was told six teachers 1.____________(quit) before her. When she walked into
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the classroom, it was chaos: two boys were fighting in a corner, yet 2.____________rest of the class seemed not to notice them; some girls were chatting and some were running about with paper, food packages and other garbage 3.____________(leave) everywhere.
Sally walked onto the platform, 4.____________(pick) up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: “Rule 1: We are family！”All students stopped 5.____________(look) at her. And she continued with Rule 2, Rule 3 ... In the following weeks, Sally worked out 10 class rules and posted them 6.____________the wall of the classroom. She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
7．____________(surprise), Sally was not driven out like the former teachers; 8.____________， she won respect from the students. Over the years, she has witnessed gradual changes in the class. At the graduation ceremony, just 9.____________she expected, she was very proud to stand with a class of care，manners and 10.____________(confident)．
【解题导语】 本文讲述了一名老师通过努力制定课堂规则，最终感化学生的故事。
1．had quit(ted) 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：她被告知在她之前已有六位老师辞职。根据语境，quit 的动作发生在 was told 之前，即“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填 had quit(ted)。
2．the 解析：考查冠词。句意：当她走进教室的时候，教室里一片混乱：两个男孩在角落里打架，而班里剩下的人好像根本没注意到他们；一些女孩在聊天，一些人在到处跑，到处都是纸、食品袋和其他垃圾。the rest of 为固定短语，意为“其余的”。故填 the。
3．left 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意见上一题解析。此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”的复合结构，逻辑主语为 paper, food packages and other garbage，与动词 leave 之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。故填 left。
4．picked 解析：考查动词的时态。句意：萨莉走上讲台，拿起一支粉笔在黑板上写下：“规则1：我们是一家人！”。分析句子结构可知，设空处与 walked 和 wrote 为并列的谓语动词，因此，应用一般过去时，故填 picked。
5．to look 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：所有学生都停下来看着她。此处指学生停下正在做的事情来看她，stop to do sth. 意为“停下来去做某事”。故填to look。
6．on/onto 解析：考查介词。句意：接下来的几周，萨莉制定了10条班级规则，并把它们张贴在教室的墙上。post...on/onto...意为“把……张贴在……上”，故填 on 或 onto。
7．Surprisingly 解析：考查词性转换。句意：令人惊讶的是，萨莉并没有像之前的老师那样被赶走，反而赢得了学生们的尊重。设空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。故填 Surprisingly。
8．instead 解析：考查副词。句意见上一题解析。根据句意可知，上下文是对比关系，设空处表示“而不是；相反”。故填instead。
9．as 解析：考查定语从句。句意：在毕业典礼上，正如她所期待的那样，
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她非常自豪地与一个细心、礼貌并且自信的班级站在一起。本句是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰整个句子，且位于句首，根据句意可知，设空处表示“正如”。故填 as。
10．confidence 解析：考查词性转换。句意见上一题解析。设空处作介词 of 的宾语，应用名词，故填 confidence。
短文改错
(2018·成都高三模拟)I enjoyed many performances in Argentina.But what impressed me more was the dance performance.I used to dance a lot when I am young，although I never was a good dancer.But Argentinian dancers who made dancing so easily that everyone felt like dancing with them.Visit some distant villages also gave me deeper taste of the original Argentinian culture.Among all those place of interest，my favorite one was a mountain.Fortunately，when I arrived there in a cold winter morning，I couldn’t see much.However，the unusual peace and snowblanketed winter views still impressed you a lot.
答案：
I enjoyed many performances in Argentina.But what impressed me was the dance performance.I used to dance a lot when I young，although I never was a good dancer.But Argentinian dancers made dancing so that everyone felt like dancing with them. some distant villages also gave me deeper taste of the original Argentinian culture.Among all those of interest，my favorite one was a mountain.，when I arrived there a cold winter morning，I couldn’t see much.However，the unusual peace and snowblanketed winter views still impressed a lot.
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