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阅读理解
A
(2018·烟台诊断)Grandparents who help out occasionally with childcare in their community tend to live longer than seniors who do not care for other people, according to a study from Berlin, Germany.
“Having no contact with grandchildren at all can negatively impact grandparents’ health. This link could be deeply rooted in our evolutionary past when help with childcare was important for the survival of the human species，” said Sonja Hilbrand, one of the researchers.
The findings are drawn from data on more than 500 people over age 70. Overall, after accounting for grandparents’ age and general state of health, the risk of dying over a 20year period was onethird lower for grandparents who cared for their grandchildren，compared with grandparents who provided no childcare.
Caregiving was associated with a longer life even when the care receiver wasn’t relative. Half of all childless seniors who provided support to friends or neighbors lived for seven years after the study began, while nonhelpers lived for four years on average.
“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society. Caregiving may be thought also as an activity that keeps caregivers physically and mentally active，” said Professor Bruno Arpino.
Arpino noted, however, that caregiving is not the only activity that can improve health and that too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities like working, being in social clubs, or volunteering.“Children should take__into__account their parents’ needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare，” he suggested.
“It is very important that every individual decides for himself/herself, what ‘proper amounts of help’ means，” Hilbrand said, adding, “As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity(强度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”
【解题导语】 德国柏林一项研究发现，祖父母适当地帮忙照顾孙辈比不照顾孙辈的老年人寿命长。
1．What is the caregiving study based on?
A．Human evolutionary history.
B．Demand of modern society.
C．Social contact between relatives.
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D．Data on many elderly people.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段第一句可知，这一发现是从对500多个70岁以上的老人的数据分析得来的。故选D项。
2．In Arpino’s opinion, childcare________．
A．is sure to keep old people away from illnesses
B．allows old people to live a more meaningful life
C．creates more job opportunities for old people
D．makes social activities inaccessible to old people
B 解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的“Arpino’s opinion”定位至文章第五段中的“Caregiving may give caregivers a purpose of life because they may feel useful for others and society.”可知，看护小孩让看护人觉得生活有了目的，因为他们觉得自己对他人和社会是有用的，也就是说，看护小孩可以使他们感觉生活得有意义。故选B项。
3．What does the underlined part “take into account” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A．Limit. B．Ignore.
C．Favor. D．Consider.
D 解析：词义猜测题。根据第六段中的“too many caring responsibilities can take away from other beneficial activities”及下文的“...their parents’ needs, willingness, and desires and agree with them on the timing and amount of childcare”可知，过多的照看责任会使老人无法从事其他有意义的活动，所以孩子应考虑老人的需求、意愿和渴求，同意他们照顾孩子的时间长度和强度的选择。由此可猜测，take into account意为“考虑”，与consider意义相近。故选D项。
4．What does the last paragraph tell us?
A．Grandparents can do anything in their own interests.
B．Grandparents should share more social responsibilities.
C．Proper amounts of childcare do good to grandparents.
D．Caregiving guarantees every grandparent a longer life.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“As long as you do not feel stressed about the intensity(强度) of help you provide you may be doing something good for others as well as for yourself.”可知，只要你帮忙的强度不会让你感到有压力，这对他人、对你自己都是有好处的。由此可知，适当地照顾小孩对祖父母有好处。故选C项。
B
(2018·石家庄高三模拟)Too Good To Go is a smartphone app which allows restaurants to sell food that would otherwise be thrown away at discount prices from as little as £ 2 to a maximum of £ 3.80, even if the meals are sold from the very finest restaurants in the country. Originally created in Denmark and launched in Brighton and Leeds in June, the service has
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recently been introduced into the United Kingdom by a couple of young entrepreneurs(企业家)．
Millions of tons of foods are thrown in the trash every year, with restaurants accounting for a large part, so ecoentrepreneurs Chris Wilson and Jamie Crummie came up with the good idea to stop food waste. Using Too Good To Go not only helps restaurants save expense, but gives people in need the chance to order fancy dishes at low prices.
Too Good To Go is very convenient for users. Restaurants make food available on the Too Good To Go app and website. People can look through the available dishes on the smartphones, pay for them using a credit card and pick them up at a set time, an hour before closing time.
Although Too Good To Go does take a fee from restaurants for each sale, its creators say the end goal is to use it for restaurants to solve their waste management problem, rather than making a profit. Wilson claims, “The idea is that restaurants stop producing the extra food so they don’t need to throw it away in the trash, and we really want to put ourselves out of business by stopping food waste.”
Birmingham has become the latest city where restaurants can reduce food waste to the lowest limit by working with the Too Good To Go social enterprise app.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了Too Good To Go这款手机软件，它可以帮助饭店以较低的价格处理要扔掉的食物，这样既避免了浪费，又给那些需要的人提供了可口的食物。
5．Where was Too Good To Go originally launched?
A．In Denmark. B．In Brighton.
C．In Birmingham. D．In the U．S.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Originally created in Denmark and launched in Brighton and Leeds”可知，这款软件最初是在Denmark创造出来，在Brighton和Leeds发起的，故选B项。
6．What’s the app intended to do?
A．Make a profit by selling food on the website.
B．Allow restaurants to sell food at low prices.
C．Help restaurants to deal with leftover food.
D．Call on restaurants to save food and money.
C 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的“...so ecoentrepreneurs Chris Wilson and Jamie Crummie came up with the good idea to stop food waste... but gives people in need the chance to order fancy dishes at low prices.”可知，这款软件的目的是阻止食物浪费，不仅帮助饭店节省费用，而且给那些需要的人提供一个低价品尝好菜的机会，故选C项。
7．How did the creators of the app make profits?
A．By selling copies of the app.
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B．By taking a fee from buyers.
C．By charging restaurants for each sale.
D．By getting donations from entrepreneurs.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Although Too Good To Go does take a fee from restaurants for each sale”可知，该软件的创造者是通过向饭店的每一单生意收费来赚钱的，因此选C项。
8．What can we infer from the text?
A．People can pay less money for a rich meal.
B．The app is mainly designed to help the poor.
C．Dishes can be sold to make a lot of profits.
D．People can get their ordered food at home.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Too Good To Go...in the country.”和第二段中的“Using Too Good To Go not only helps restaurants save expense, but gives people in need the chance to order fancy dishes at low prices.”可以推知，由于Too Good To Go 软件的出现，人们可以花比较少的钱吃一顿丰盛的饭，故选A项。
完形填空
(2018·山西八校第一次联考)One day, while we were visiting my parents on a farm in late summer, Dad mentioned he’d always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard.Mom agreed that the trees were __1__．
Like many other parents, mine were hard to __2__ for, so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something they’d __3__．I also thought two would be even better.I checked the __4__ at work and decided it was a bit more than I could __5__—but all of my siblings(兄弟姐妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees.
In northern Ohio，you don’t plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to __6__ Mom and Dad with a special Christmas in October before the ground __7__．We asked my aunt if she’d help us with the “__8__”， and she called my parents __9__ to say she was coming for a Sunday visit.Then my sisters and sistersinlaw went into __10__，planning a big holiday turkey dinner.
On the __11__ Sunday, we all met at my house and __12__ the trees into a truck.I __13__ as Santa Claus.When we arrived at my parents’ house，Dad was __14__ something was wrong first.He and Mom were amazed when we told them __15__ we were there.
When Christmas __16__，of course, we couldn’t go to our parents’ house emptyhanded, so Mom and Dad got __17__ presents that year.Almost half a century later, I __18__ drive by the old farm and smile when I see those big, handsome __19__ and remember giving a special __20__ to special people at Christmas in October.
【解题导语】
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本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己和亲人们一起用特别的方式给其父母带来惊喜的经历。
1．A.distinctive B．fragrant
C．expensive D．pretty
D 解析：上文提及父亲想要在庭院种植一棵枫树，下文提及“those big, handsome”，故此处应是母亲也欣然同意，认为枫树很漂亮(pretty)。distinctive “与众不同的”；fragrant “芳香的”；expensive“贵的”。
2．A.shop B．represent
C．answer D．care
A 解析：根据上文的“Like many other parents，mine were hard to”，下文的“so I figured this was a great opportunity to get them something”以及接下来介绍的作者兄弟姐妹几人为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者觉得给父母买东西是很难的，故选shop “购物”。
3．A.deserve B．appreciate
C．advertise D．imagine
B 解析：根据上文的“Dad mentioned he’d always wanted a Crimson King Maple Tree for the yard...”及下文介绍的为父母买礼物的内容可知，此处指作者认为这是一个给父母买他们欣赏的东西的好机会。deserve “值得，应得”；appreciate “感激，欣赏”；advertise “为……做广告”；imagine“想象”。
4．A.result B．number
C．price D．express
C 解析：根据下文的“but all of my siblings(兄弟姐妹) agreed to give some money to buy the trees”可知，作者在上班时查看了一下枫树的价格(price)，认为它的价格比自己能支付得起(afford)的还要高一点。
5．A.afford B．expect
C．fancy D．handle
A 解析：参见上题解析。
6．A.frighten B．assist
C．surprise D．reward
C 解析：从下文作者联合其姑姑来帮忙实施这个计划以及计划具体实施的内容可知，作者他们想给父母一个惊喜(surprise)。
7．A.warmed B．froze
C．softened D．darkened
B 解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“In northern Ohio, you don’t plant maple trees at Christmas”及“a special Christmas in October before the ground”可知，作者他们决定在土地上冻之前让父母度过一个特别的圣诞节。freeze “结冰”符合语境。
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8．A.trick B．purchase
C．choice D．decoration
A 解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者询问姑姑是否可以帮忙实施这个“骗局(trick)”。
9．A.in advance B．in time
C．by accident D．on purpose
A 解析：根据上下文语境可知，作者的姑姑提前(in advance)给作者的父母打电话说她会在周日来拜访。in time “及时”；by accident “意外地”； on purpose“故意地”。
10．A.service B．action
C．effect D．production
B 解析：根据下文的“planning a big holiday turkey dinner” 可知，随后，作者的姐妹和嫂子(或弟媳)行动起来。go into action “行动起来”符合语境。go into service “投入使用”；go into effect “生效”；go into production “投入生产”。
11．A.regular B．separate
C．given D．chosen
D 解析：根据语境可知，作者和亲人们在选定的(chosen)那个周日聚到自己家里。
12．A.sorted B．loaded
C．transported D．transplanted
B 解析：根据下文的“the trees into a truck”可知，作者他们把树装上(loaded)卡车。sort“整理”； transport “运输，运送”；transplant “移植”。
13．A.dressed up B．passed off
C．looked on D．started out
A 解析：根据下文的“as Santa Claus” 可知，作者把自己装扮(dressed up)成圣诞老人。pass sb./sth.off as...“把……冒充为……”；look on sb./sth.as... “把……当作……”；start out as...“以……开始，起初是……”。
14．A.delighted B．annoyed
C．disappointed D．convinced
D 解析：根据上下文语境及句中的“something was wrong first” 可知，作者的父亲一开始坚信哪里出了问题。convinced “确信，坚信”符合语境。
15．A.when B．how
C．why D．whether
C 解析：根据语境可知，当我们告诉他们我们为什么(why)会在那里的时候，父母感到很吃惊。
16．A.came around B．dropped out
C．turned up D．drew in
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A 解析：根据下文的内容可知，当又到圣诞节时，作者他们去探望父母。come around “再次出现，再度发生”； drop out “退出”；turn up “出现”；draw in “(白天变得)渐短”。
17．A.generous B．additional
C．double D．special
C 解析：根据上文的“In northern Ohio, you don’t plant maple trees at Christmas, so we decided to...with a special Christmas in October” 可知，作者他们在十月份的时候已经为父母送上了一份特别的圣诞节礼物，而在真正的圣诞节到来的时候，他们又不能空手去拜访自己的父母，故作者的父母那年是收到了双份的(double)圣诞节礼物。
18．A.even B．just
C．once D．still
D 解析：根据上下文语境可知，时隔几乎半个世纪之后，当作者看到那些高大、漂亮的枫树(trees)时依然(still)会面带微笑地驶过那个农场。
19．A.farms B．trees
C．trucks D．yards
B 解析：参见上题解析。
20．A.congratulation B．gift
C．donation D．greeting
B 解析：作者看着那些枫树时，会想起自己多年前在圣诞节送给父母特别的礼物(gift)。上文中的“presents that year”亦是关键提示。congratulation“祝贺”； donation “捐赠物”；greeting “问候”。
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