体裁突破(六) 说明文A(2017•浙江绍兴适应性考试)Technology has invaded the classroom.From the time children learn to read 1 they finish university，their schooling is being 2 with digital and online teaching methods.“Technology isn’t replacing kids’ learning—it’s 3 it，” explains Amanda Henning，the assistant principal at Dallas Brooks.“Pupils are still 4 to learn their times tables and do spelling tests，but we are 5 looking at new ways to improve learning and engage students by using technology.”Gone are the days when the only person in the classroom who had 6 to knowledge was the teacher.Now the facts are 7 with a tap or a click through the Internet.That means the teacher’s 8 has fundamentally changed.Teachers can now spend time showing them how to learn 9 teaching children what to learn.“When I was at school we had to learn all the rivers of New South Wales in order.There is not much 10 in learning that now，” says Anne Knock，director of Northern Beaches School in Sydney，“it’s more about learning abstract 11 and ideas than the complete range of facts.”An even more 12 change is happening in universities.The university lecture theatre is becoming of the past. 13 are now posting their lectures online for students to watch at home.“For the younger generation the idea of sitting and 14 the same person for two hours in a lecture， 15 it’s interesting...the students don’t want to go，” says Dr Mark Gregory，senior lecturer at Melboune’s RMIT University.There’s a worldwide 16 for universities to offer free online courses.Last year Harvard and MIT 17 60 million to give their courses online 18 .And online education provider Coursera started Asia’s first massive open online course， 19 has attracted an amazing 17,000 registered students since its 20 in April this year.语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了把科技引进到课堂，使课堂教学不再像过去那样仅仅是由老师来传授知识，科技的使用改善了学习环境，吸引了学生。
1．A.after B．untilC．when D．before 答案 B解析 after在……之后；until直到；when当……的时候；before在……之前。根据语境可知，此处指从孩子学习阅读直到他们大学毕业这一过程。故选B。2．A.replaced B．programmedC．transformed D．decorated答案 C解析 replace取代；program计划；transform改变；decorate装饰。根据文章首句“Technology has invaded the classroom.”及语境可知，从孩子学习阅读直到他们大学毕业，他们受到的学校教育正在改变。故选C。3．A.supporting B．disturbingC．removing D．keeping答案 A解析 support支持，帮助；disturb打扰；remove去除；keep保持。根据下文的“improve learning and engage students by using technology”可知，技术在帮助孩子们学习。故选A。4．A.appealed B．promisedC．driven D．expected答案 D解析 appeal吸引；promise许诺；drive驱使；expect期待。根据上文的“Technology isn’t replacing kids’ learning”及“still”可知，孩子们仍如预期一样学习乘法表和做拼写测试。故选D。5．A.actually B．constantlyC．naturally D．eventually答案 B解析 actually事实上；constantly不断地；naturally自然地；eventually最终。根据语境可知，Amanda说他们在不断地使用技术来寻找能够改善学习方式和吸引学生的新方法。故选B。6．A.access B．permissionC．opportunity D．extension答案 A解析 access接近；permission允许；opportunity机会；extension延长。根据语境可知，在教室里唯一使用知识的人是老师的时代过去了。have access to为固定搭配，意为“使用，接近”，符合语境。故选A。7．A.obvious B．flexibleC．available D．common答案 C解析 obvious明显的；flexible灵活的；available可得到的；common共同的，普通的。根据常识可知，现在通过互联网轻敲或点击就可以得到很多资料。故选C。8．A.quality B．roleC．talent D．identity答案 B解析 quality质量；role角色；talent天才；identity身份。根据本段第一句可知，老师的角色已经从根本上改变了。故选B。9．A.except for B．as forC．other than D．rather than答案 D解析 except for除了……以外；as for关于；other than除了；rather than而不是。根据语境可知，老师现在能够花时间告诉学生如何学习而不是教他们学什么。故选D。10．A.point B．differenceC．doubt D．trouble答案 A解析 point要点；difference差异；doubt怀疑；trouble麻烦。根据下文的“it’s more about learning...than the complete range of facts”可知，现在按部就班地学习新南威尔士州的所有的河流没有多少意义了。There is no point in doing sth.为固定句型，意为“做某事没有意义”。故选A。11．A.concepts B．arrangementsC．figures D．rights答案 A解析 concept概念；arrangement安排；figure数字，人物；right权利。根据语境可知，与其了解完整的一系列事实，还不如了解抽象的概念和想法。故选A。12．A.horrible B．steadyC．slight D．significant答案 D解析 horrible可怕的；steady稳定的；slight轻微的；significant重要的。根据下文介绍的大学情况可知，此处指在大学有更重要的改变发生。故选D。13．A.Graduates B．LecturersC．Advertisers D．Principles答案 B解析 graduate毕业生；lecturer演讲者；advertiser登广告者；principle行为准则，惯例。根据空格前的“The university lecture theatre is becoming of the past.”以及空格后的“posting their lectures online”可知，此处指演讲者。故选B。14．A.arguing with B．working outC．listening to D．approving of答案 C解析 argue with与……争论；work out算出；listen to听；approve of赞成。根据“lecture”可知，此处指听同一个人演讲两个小时。故选C。15．A.now that B．as ifC．even if D．so that答案 C解析 now that既然；as if似乎；even if即使；so that以便，以至于。根据下文的“the students don’t want to go”可知，即使演讲有趣，学生们也不想去。故选C。16．A.organization B．scheduleC．custom D．trend答案 D解析 organization组织；schedule时间表；custom风俗；trend趋势。根据语境并结合选项可知，大学提供免费的网上课程是一个世界范围的趋势。故选D。17．A.exchanged B．providedC．earned D．delivered答案 B解析 exchange交换；provide提供；earn挣得；deliver运送。根据上文的“offer free online courses”可知，去年哈佛和麻省理工学院为它们的免费网上课程提供了6千万美元。故选B。18．A.for free B．for profitC．for convenience D．for sale答案 A解析 for free免费的；for profit为了盈利；for convenience为了方便；for sale出售。根据上文的“free online courses”可知，此处指的是免费网上课程。故选A。19．A.this B．whichC．that D．what答案 B解析 分析句子结构可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，所以应用关系代词which引导。故选B。20．A.solution B．promotionC．discovery D．start答案 D解析 solution解决方案；promotion提升；discovery发现；start开始。根据语境可知，自从今年四月开始以来，已经吸引了一万七千名学生注册。故选D。B(2017•盐城南洋中学调研)Body language is the quiet，secret and most powerful language of all！It speaks 21 than words.According to specialists，our bodies send out more 22 than we realize.In fact，non-verbal communication(非言语交际) takes up about 50% of what we really 23 .And body language is particularly 24 when we attempt to communicate across cultures.Indeed，what is called body language is so 25 a part of us that it’s actually often unnoticed.And misunderstandings occur as a result of it. 26 ，different societies treat the 27 between people differently.Northern Europeans usually do not like having 28 contact(接触) even with friends，and certainly not with 29 .People from Latin American countries， 30 ，touch each other quite a lot.Therefore，it’s possible that in 31 ，it may look like a Latino is 32 a Norwegian all over the room.The Latino，trying to express friendship，will keep moving 33 .The Norwegian，very probably seeing this as pushiness，will keep 34 —which the Latino will in return regard as 35 .Clearly，a great deal is going on when people 36 .And only a part of it is in the words themselves.And when parties are from 37 cultures，there’s a strong possibility of 38 .But whatever the situation，the best 39 is to obey the Golden Rule：treat others as you would like to be 40 .语篇解读 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了身势语及其在不同文化中的不同含义。
21．A.straighter B．louderC．harder D．further答案 B解析 由首句“身体语言是所有语言中沉默、秘密而又最有力量的语言！”可知，本句应表达“身体语言比口头语言更有说服力”，所以选louder。22．A.sounds B．invitationsC．feelings D．messages答案 D解析 根据上文的“身体语言是最有力量的语言”可知，我们的身体传递出比我们意识到的更多的信息，所以messages符合句意。23．A.hope B．receiveC．discover D．mean答案 D解析 实际上，非言语交际大约占我们所要表达的真正意思的50%。mean意思是，本意是。24．A.immediate B．misleadingC．important D．difficult答案 C解析 上文说到身体语言在交际中的作用，本句则说明身体语言在跨文化交流时的重要作用，所以使用important。25．A.well B．farC．much D．long答案 C解析 的确，我们所说的身体语言在我们的生活中占了如此大的比重，但实际上往往未被注意到。结合句意可知，四个选项中，只有much跟“a＋名词”连用合适。26．A.For example B．ThusC．However D．In short答案 A解析 下文作者给出了一个实例来说明不同文化背景的人对于“个人空间”的不同习俗，所以此处使用for example，意为“例如”。27．A.trade B．distanceC．connections D．greetings答案 B解析 下文举的例子与“个人空间”有关，所以此处使用distance，表示“距离”。28．A.eye B．verbalC．bodily D．telephone答案 C解析 由下文描述的挪威人不断地后退可知，北欧人不喜欢与其他人有身体上的(bodily)接触，所以C项正确。29．A.strangers B．relativesC．neighbours D．enemies答案 A解析 与前面的even with friends构成对比，此处应表示“陌生人”。30．A.in other words B．on the other handC．in a similar way D．by all means答案 B解析 与北欧人的习俗构成对比，拉丁美洲人喜欢肢体接触，所以此处用on the other hand“另一方面”，表示转折。in other words换句话说；in a similar way类似方式地；by all means当然可以。31．A.trouble B．conversationC．silence D．experiment答案 B解析 由于习俗不同，所以挪威人与拉丁美洲人在谈话(conversation)时，就会出现拉丁美洲人追着挪威人说话的情形，故选B项。32．A.disturbing B．helpingC．guiding D．following答案 D解析 根据上题解析可知此处使用following。33．A.closer B．fasterC．in D．away答案 A解析 谈话过程中拉丁美洲人一直在靠近挪威人，所以使用closer。34．A.stepping forward B．going onC．backing away D．coming out答案 C解析 挪威人由于不喜欢与别人靠得太近，所以只能不停地后退，故选C项。35．A.weakness B．carelessnessC．friendliness D．coldness答案 D解析 挪威人的后退在拉丁美洲人的眼中是一种冷漠(coldness)，所以D项正确。36．A.talk B．travelC．laugh D．think答案 A解析 这一段是对上文的总结，在人们交谈(talk)时，有很多事情在发生着，所以A项正确。37．A.different B．EuropeanC．Latino D．rich答案 A解析 根据上文的陈述，当来自不同(different)文化的两个人交流时，很有可能会产生误会。38．A.curiosity B．excitementC．misunderstanding D．nervousness答案 C解析 文化背景的差异带来的应该是误解(misunderstanding)，所以C项正确。39．A.chance B．timeC．result D．advice答案 D解析 面对误解，作者给出的应是最好的建议，所以使用advice。40．A.noticed B．treatedC．respected D．pleased答案 B解析 treat others as you would like to be treated是一个俗语。句意为：用你希望被别人对待你的方式去对待别人。所以使用treated。C(2017•仪征中学期初考试)Sustainable development is applied to just about everything from energy to clean water and economic growth，and as a result it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use.This is especially 41 in agriculture，where sustainable development is often taken 42 the only measure of progress without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives.To start with，it is important to remember that the 43 of agriculture has changed greatly throughout history，and will 44 to do so.Medieval(中世纪的) agriculture in northern Europe fed，clothed and sheltered a mainly rural society with a much 45 population density(密度) than it is today.It had minimal 46 on biodiversity，and any pollution it caused was typically localized.In 47 of energy use and the nutrients captured in the product it was 48 inefficient.What’s more，demand for animal products in developing countries is growing so fast that 49 it will require an extra 300 million tons of grain a year by 2050.Yet the growth of cities and industry is reducing the amount of water 50 for agriculture in many regions.All this means that 51 in the 21st century will have to be very different from 52 it was in the 20th.This will require radical thinking.For example，we need to move away from the idea that traditional 53 are inevitably more sustainable than new ones.We also need to 54 the idea that agriculture can be “zero impact”．The key will be to abandon the rather simple and static measures of sustainability，which 55 the need to maintain production without increasing 56 .Instead we need a more flexible interpretation， 57 that looks at the pros and cons of all the various way land is used.There are many different ways to measure agricultural performance besides food production：energy use，environmental costs，water purity，carbon footprint and biodiversity.It is clear，for example， 58 the carbon of transporting tomatoes from Spain to the UK is less than that of producing them in the UK with additional heating and lighting.But we do not know 59 lower carbon footprints will always be better for biodiversity.What is crucial is recognizing that 60 agriculture is not just about sustainable food production.语篇解读 本文的话题是关于农业可持续发展。讲述了如何在保持农业可持续发展的同时避免产生更多的破坏，并指出农业的可持续发展并不仅仅是关于可持续的粮食生产。
41．A.true B．wrongC．impossible D．similar答案 A解析 上文说到“it has become difficult to question either the basic assumptions behind it or the way the concept is put to use”。根据下文的“without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives”(而这并没有从历史和文化的角度进行适当的评估)可知，这种情况在农业方面也是存在的。true真实的。42．A.for B．inC．as D．over答案 C解析 根据下文的“without a proper appreciation of historical and cultural perspectives”可知，空处意为：可持续发展通常被作为进步的唯一衡量标准。as作为。43．A.nature B．wayC．performance D．development答案 A解析 在整个历史进程中，农业的本质一直在变化。此处选A。nature特性，性质。44．A.decide B．continueC．start D．prepare答案 B解析 根据常识可知，历史在发展，技术在更新，所以农业本质的变化也会继续(continue)。故选B。45．A.greater B．lessC．lower D．larger答案 C解析 根据常识可知，当时中世纪的人口密度比现在要小得多。lower更低的，故选C。46．A.result B．affectC．effect D．ending答案 C解析 根据上下文语境可知，此处指农业对生物多样性的影响。result结果，不和介词on连用；affect是及物动词，意为“影响”；effect是名词，意为“影响”，和介词on连用；ending是名词，意为“结尾”。故选C。47．A.case B．termsC．honor D．view答案 B解析 此处介绍了当时的农业在能源利用以及农产品所含有的营养成分方面的情况。in terms of在……方面，就……而言。48．A.absolutely B．graduallyC．relatively D．dramatically答案 C解析 就能源利用及农产品所含的营养成分而言，它是相对低效的。relatively 相对地，符合题意。absolutely绝对地；gradually逐渐地；dramatically 戏剧性地，都不合题意。49．A.remaining B．losingC．doing D．meeting答案 D解析 此外，发展中国家对畜产品的需求增长如此迅速，以至于在2050年之前每年需要额外收获3亿吨谷物才能满足该需求。meet the demand满足需要。50．A.adequate B．availableC．alternative D．allergic答案 B解析 根据上文可知，此处意为：但是在很多地区，城市和工业的发展导致农业可利用的水资源越来越少。available可使用的。51．A.environment B．irrigationC．industry D．agriculture答案 D解析 上文说的是农业方面的情况。此处继续讲述农业方面的不同。句意为：所有这些都意味着21世纪的农业将非常不同于20世纪的农业。agriculture农业，故选D。52．A.as B．whenC．how D．that答案 C解析 此处说的是21世纪的农业将非常不同于20世纪的样子。how怎么样，故选C。53．A.farming B．worksC．solutions D．practices答案 D解析 例如，我们需要摒弃传统生产比新型生产注定更有利于可持续发展的想法。practice做法。54．A.defend B．requireC．support D．abandon答案 D解析 根据句中的also和上文的move away from可知，此处选abandon(抛弃)。句意为：我们同样需要抛弃农业可以“零污染”的观念。55．A.feed on B．go onC．centre on D．count on答案 C解析 根据上文可知，此处指这些方法的核心在于需要在保持生产的同时避免产生更多的破坏。centre on集中于……。56．A.devotion B．damageC．cost D．embarrassment答案 B解析 参考上一题的解析。damage破坏。故选B。57．A.one B．thatC．the one D．those答案 A解析 从句子结构和句意可知，此空是作同位语，补充说明上文的“a more flexible interpretation”。故选A。58．A.which B．whatC．that D．when答案 C解析 从句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句。It is clear that...……是很明显的。故选C。59．A.whether B．whyC．what D．which答案 A解析 但是我们不知道降低碳排放量是否总是对生物多样性是有益的。whether是否。故选A。60．A.traditional B．sustainableC．contemporary D．current答案 B解析 此处仍旧重申农业的可持续发展问题，故选B。句意为：关键是要意识到农业的可持续发展并不仅仅是关于可持续的粮食生产。
微信/支付宝扫码支付