2018版 专题限时集训8　推理判断之推测作者观点、看法、情感、态度和预测后文(Ⅰ).doc

1 专题限时集训(八) 推理判断之推测作者观 点、看法、情感、态度和预测后文(Ⅰ) (对应学生用书第 105页) A (2017·河南、河北、山西、湖北、湖南、江西、安徽省七所名校联考)When it comes to writing work emails，there are many rules to follow.In the past，people always wanted to come across as someone who's calm and professional， which workplace manners experts say means they wanted to hold back their love for emoticons(表情符号)while on the job. But language is always changing，and a recent national survey in the US found that 76 percent of Americans said that they had used emoticons in digital communication at work.The most popular emoticon is the happy face. Lindsey Pollak，a US career coach who works with Millennials(千禧一代)，has also noticed that emoticons have gone from being inappropriate for the workplace to being accepted.The reason behind this，according to her，is largely due to the changing of people in a particular age group of the workforce.Millennials are now the biggest generation in the American workforce.“A few years ago，emoticons were absolutely seen as very young and very personal，”Pollak said，“Over the past few years...I've seen emoticons become more acceptable.I see them more frequently not just from Millennials but from all generations at the workplace.” “People tend to use emoticons to just add that little bit of extra change in the tone when there's something awkward or potentially offensive，or when they might take in things in the wrong way，”explains Lauren Collister，a sociolinguist.In life and work，many of us have used emoticons to send positive atmosphere or soften statements. Pollak，however，warns against being too casual at work.Her advice is to be aware of who the audience is.“Frankly，I wouldn't use a happy face with any CEO in the US.I wouldn't use a happy face with the people of a certain level no matter how commonplace and acceptable it has become，”she said，“You can make or break a 2 relationship with one email these days.” 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文。向我们介绍了表情符号在工作邮件中的使用 越来越流行的原因以及人们对此要注意的方面。 1．What does the author say about past working people? A．They were calm and professional. B．They used more serious emoticons. C．They were not fond of emoticons. D．They avoided using emoticons at the workplace. D [考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“they wanted to hold back their love for emoticons(表情符号)while on the job”可知，以前的职员在工作中抑制自己对 表情符号的喜爱，即避免使用表情符号。故选 D。根据第一段中的“people always wanted to come across as someone who's calm and professional”可排除 A 项。] 2．What can people use emoticons to do at the workplace? A．Make it personal to communicate. B．Keep up with the trend of the times. C．Show a positive attitude to the receiver. D．Help them share their ideas and feelings. C [考查推理判断。根据第四段的内容可知，当尴尬或者可能冒犯别人的事 情发生时，或者可能误解了某事时，人们往往会使用表情符号来稍微改变一 下语气，传达积极的交流氛围或者让表达变得缓和。也就是说，在工作场合， 人们可以通过表情符号来向接收者表达自己积极的态度。故选 C。] 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Emoticons should be used with caution. B．There are strict limitations on emoticon using. C．All the US CEOs are against the use of emoticons. D．Emoticons can greatly help bring people closer. A [考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Pollak，however，warns against being too casual at work.”“‘ I wouldn't use a happy face with any CEO in the US.I wouldn't use a happy face with the people of a certain level’”“‘You can 3 make or break a relationship with one email these days’”可知，人们在使用表 情符号时要谨慎，要分场合分人，不能随意使用表情符号。] 4．What's the writer's attitude towards the use of emoticons at work? A．Subjective. B．Objective. C．Doubtful. D．Opposing. B [考查作者态度。纵观全文可知，作者既谈到了表情符号的流行及作用， 也谈到了人们在使用表情符号时需要注意的地方。因此作者的态度是客观的， 故选 B。] B 【导学号：52384052】 (2017·陕西省西安地区八校联考)The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years.In 1721， the printer James Franklin，Benjamin's older brother，started The New England Courant，and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper.He filled his paper with stories of adventure，articles on art， on famous people，and on all sorts of political subjects. Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin's Courant， few believe that newspapers in their present printed form will remain alive for long.Newspaper companies are losing advertisers， readers and market value which would not have been imaginable just several years ago.The chief editor of the Times said recently，“At places where they gather，editors ask one another，‘How are you’as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law case.”An article about the newspaper appeared on the website of The Guardian，under the headline “NOT DEAD YET”． Perhaps not，but the rise of the Internet，which has made the daily newspaper look slow and out of step with the world ， has brought about a real sense of death.Some American newspapers have lost 42% of their market value in the past three years.The New York Times Company has seen its stock(股票)drop by 54%since the end of 2004，with much of the loss coming in the past year.Amanager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stockholders sell off their Times stock.The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to education； its testing and testpreparation service now bring in at least half the company's income. 4 【语篇解读】 本文由报纸起源引出传统报纸受到冲击的现状，但也指出有的报 纸找到了其他出路。 5．What can we learn about The New England Courant? A．It is mainly about the stock market. B．It carries articles by political leaders. C．It remains a successful newspaper in America. D．It marks the beginning of the American newspaper. D [考查细节理解。根据第一段的第二句“In 1721，the printer James Franklin... was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper.”可知，James Franklin 创办的《新英格兰新闻报》标志着美国报业的开始，故 D项正确。] 6．What can we learn from the Times editor's words? A．Editors are fond of health stories. B．Newspapers face great difficulties. C．Editors are friendly with each other. D．Newspapers often deal with law cases. B [考查推理判断。根据第二段的“The chief editor of the Times said recently， ‘...lost law case.’”可知，《泰晤士报》的主编说，每次编辑们碰面时总是互 相问候“你怎么样了”，似乎他们刚从医院回来或是刚输了一场官司；据此 可以判断，报纸正面临着严重的困难，故 B项正确。] 7．Which newspaper seems to have found a new way for its development? A．The Washington Post. B．The Guardian. C．The New York Times. D．The New England Courant. A [考查细节理解。根据本文最后一句“The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble...company's income.”可知《华盛顿邮报》通过改变部分内 容的方法带来了至少一半的收入，故 A项正确。] [干扰项分析] 根据最后一段的“The New York Times Company has seen its stock (股票)drop by 54% since the end of 2004，with much of the loss coming in the past year.”可知，C项错误，文中并未提到《卫报》和《新英格兰新闻报》 5 找到新的发展方法，故 B项和 D项错误。 8．How does the author seem to feel about the future of newspapers? A．Cheerful. B．Hopeful. C．Worried. D．Confused. C [考查推理判断。通读全文可知，本文主要论述了报纸从起源到现在面临 的困难——互联网的冲击。作者表达了自己对未来报业的担忧，故 C项正确。] [干扰项分析] A项意为“快乐的”，B项意为“有希望的”，D项意为“困 惑的”，都与文意不符。 C (2017·湖南省六校联盟联考 )I told my friend Graham that I often cycle two miles from my house to the town centre but unfortunately there is a big hill on the route.He replied，“You mean fortunately.”He explained that I should be glad of the extra exercise that the hill provided. My attitude to the hill has now changed.I used to complain as I approached it but now I tell myself the following. This hill will exercise my heart and lungs.It will help me to lose weight and get fit.It will mean that I live longer.This hill is my friend.Finally I comfort myself with the thought of all those silly people who pay money to go to a gym and sit on stationary exercise bicycles when I can get the same value for free.I have a smile of satisfaction as I reach the top of the hill. Problems are there to be faced and overcome.We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.Helen Keller was the first deaf and blind person to gain a university degree.Her activism and writing proved inspirational.She wrote，“ The character cannot be developed with ease.Only through experiences of suffering can the soul be strengthened, vision cleared, ambition inspired and success achieved.” One of the main determinants of success in life is our attitude towards adversity.From time to time we all face hardships ， problems ， accidents and difficulties.Some are of our making but many are no fault of our own.While we cannot choose adversity，we can choose our attitude towards it. Douglas Bader was 21 when in 1931 he had both legs cut off following a flying accident.He was determined to fly again and went on to become one of the leading flying aviators in the Battle of Britain with 22 aerial victories over the Germans.He was an inspiration to others during the war.He said，“Don't listen to anyone who tells 6 you that you can't do this or that.That's nonsense.Make up your mind，and you'll never use crutches or a stick，and then have a go at everything.Go to school，and join in all the games you can.Go anywhere you want to.But never，never let them persuade you that things are too difficult or impossible.” The biographies of great people are full of examples of how they took steps to overcome the difficulties they faced.The common thread is that they did not become depressed.They chose their attitude.They chose to be positive.They took on the challenge.They won.Nevertheless，there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity. 【语篇解读】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。“我”骑自行车去镇中心时要经过山地， “我”经历了从开始的抱怨到将山地当作锻炼契机的过程。人生之旅也是如此， 我们要有战胜生活中的艰难的勇气。 9．Which of the following is TRUE according to the author of the passage? A．Those who want to achieve success can't expect to live an easy life. B．Climbing hills on bicycles is the best way to take exercise. C．Going to a gym is greatly beneficial to people's health. D．People's attitude to hardships is the only factor of their success. A [考查推理判断。根据第三段的第二句“We cannot achieve anything with an easy life.”可知，简单容易的生活不会使我们取得成功；据此可以推断，想要 成功就不要期望过容易的生活，故 A项正确。] 10．By quoting what Douglas Bader said，the author intends to tell us “ ”． A．Failure is the mother of success B．A bad workman quarrels with his tools C．Nothing is difficult to the man who will try D．If you risk nothing，you will have nothing C [考查目的意图。根据第五段Douglas Bader所讲的“‘Make up your mind， and you'll never use crutches or a stick， and then have a go at everything... impossible.’”可知，Douglas Bader认为面对困难应当勇敢尝试，不要听信别 人所言的太困难或不可能，没有什么克服不了的困难；据此可以判断，作者 引用 Douglas Bader的话旨在说明，对于勇于尝试的人来说，世界上没有克服 7 不了的困难。故 C项正确。] 11．Following this passage，the author will further talk about ． A．how his friend helped him to change his attitude towards the challenge he faced B．why it is important to keep optimistic in the face of trouble C．what steps to take to change your attitude towards the difficulties you face D．what great people have in common C [考查推理判断。根据文章最后一句“Nevertheless，there is still the problem of how you change your attitude towards adversity.”可知，如何改变面对困难的 态度仍然是一个问题；据此可以判断，下文将就此问题作进一步的阐述。故 C 项正确。] [干扰项分析] A项错，“his friend helped him to change his attitude”与本文第 一段所举的例子重复，B项意为“面对困难，如何保持乐观很重要”，D项 意为“伟大的人的共同之处”，都与文章最后一段无关。 12．Which of the following can best function as the title of the passage? A．Different attitudes towards misfortune B．Face difficulties with a smile C．Nothing is impossible D．Life is full of adversity B [考查标题判断。通读全文可知，本文作者通过叙述将骑自行车经过的山 地视为锻炼的机会及 Helen Keller 和 Douglas Bader的故事说明，成功的关键 是面对困难的积极态度。故 B项最能概括主题。]