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阅读理解
A
(2018·合肥调研性检测)The effects of coffee consumption on health have long been a subject of conflict and uncertainty. Since the 1980s, some have spoken out against coffee as it’s harmful to health, while others have welcomed coffee for its supposed benefits to health.
According to a scientific report, mild coffee consumption, three to five cups per day, can be taken as a healthy dietary pattern, along with other healthful behavior. The report also says that coffee consumption helps reduce the risk of heart disease and it protects against Parkinson’s disease.
According to Dr. Donald Hensrud of Mayo Clinic, high consumption of coffee has health risks. Dr. Hensrud mentions the dangers of high coffee consumption for people with a certain illness that slows the breakdown of caffeine in the body. Some studies said that drinking two or more cups of coffee daily can actually increase the risk of heart disease in these people.
According to conclusions from a recent study led by Dr. Gregory Marcus, a doctor from the University of California, San Francisco, daily moderate consumption of caffeine, less than 4 cups, is not associated with these issues.
Until the scientific community reaches a general agreement on the effects of coffee consumption on human health, it will be up to the individual to decide whether the benefits of drinking coffee are greater than the risks.
When informed of these possible health benefits and harm of drinking coffee, Harwood, a high school student stated, “Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康的几种不同观点。
1．What is the people’s attitude towards the effects of coffee on health according to Paragraph 1?
A．Disapproving. B．Tolerant.
C．Doubtful. D．Mixed.
D 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段可知，长期以来，饮用咖啡是否对健康有影响一直是有争议的、不确定的。一些人认为咖啡有害于健康，一些人则认为其有益于健康。D项意为“混合的，混杂的”，符合题意，故D项正确。
2．What does the underlined word “moderate” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A．Personal. B．Slight.
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C．Reasonable. D．Heavy.
C 解析：词义猜测题。根据该句中的“less than 4 cups”可知，饮用的咖啡不超过4杯；据此可以判断，该句是说，每天摄入适量的咖啡因对身体无害。据此可知，画线词意为“适度的”，故C项正确。
3．What can we infer about Harwood?
A．He’ll keep on drinking coffee.
B．He loves his high school life.
C．He often falls asleep in class.
D．He has some health problems.
A 解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后两句“Even though there might be some negative effects of drinking coffee, for the most part, coffee drinking sounds good for health. Not to mention I need coffee to stay awake.”可知，Harwood认为，尽管喝咖啡可能会带来一些负面影响，但大多数情况下，喝咖啡对健康有好处；更不用说，他需要咖啡来保持清醒。据此可以推断，他将继续喝咖啡，故A项正确。
4．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Why People Love Coffee?
B．How Coffee Affects Health?
C．The Culture of Coffee Drinking
D．The New Findings of Heart Disease
B 解析：标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了人们对咖啡是否有益于身体健康的不同说法。有人认为适量饮用咖啡有益身体健康，有人却认为过量饮用咖啡会增加心脏病的发病率。据此可知，B项最适合作为本文的标题。
B
I stopped at my bank last week to deposit a check.I could have used the ATM，but I am so glad that I didn’t because if I had，I probably would not have met Harold.
There were 3 or 4 people ahead of me in the lineup，so I amused myself by watching TV，just waiting my turn.Moments passed.Then，directly in front of me，a tiny elder woman，who was now first in line，started toward one of the counters.But the customer before her didn’t finish，so she had to step back.Her backward movement caused my attention to be drawn to the customer directly ahead of us.As he was facing the counter，I could see only his white hair and the bright red team jacket.I heard him say to the teller in a deep，strong voice...“Have a Great Day！”and the teller replied，“You too，Harold—see you next week！”
The impatient woman again made her move，heading for the counter.As she passed him，Harold looked up，directly at me, saying，“You are a handsome man，sir.”I was so surprised by
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his statement and struck by the genuine warmth and generosity that filled it that I blurted out“Thank you，sir.”instantly，reaching out to shake his hand，not even realizing that he was walking with a walking stick.He switched it to his left hand and took my hand in his warm and firm grip.“I really care about you！”He spoke again.Then he reached out to the next person in line and said，“I really care about you，too！”
I was so overcome by his innocent and sincere gift！He was like a 4－year－old，who walked up to everyone，inviting them to play with him.I wondered to myself afterwards.How did he attain this state of grace？Imagine the warm feeling he leaves behind him as he sails through this world，touching people for just a moment.He dropped a stone into the peaceful ocean of my reality that is still rippling outwards as you hear and hopefully feel，some of what Harold so unselfishly pass on to me that I attempt to pass on to you—I really care about you!
【解题导语】 本文主要介绍了作者遇到天真而真诚的Harold的故事。
5．What made the author notice Harold?
A．The woman’s impatience.
B．Harold’s deep and strong voice.
C．The woman’s backward movement.
D．Harold’s white hair and bright red team jacket.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的“Her backward movement caused my attention to be drawn to the customer directly ahead of us.”可知，作者因为前面排队等候办理业务的老妇人后退的举动而关注到正在办理业务的Harold，故选C。
6．Why did Harold say “I really care about you！” to the author?
A．To express appreciation for his help.
B．To pass on his warmth and generosity.
C．To praise him for his being handsome.
D．To greet his old friend in a special way.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“I was so surprised by his statement and struck by the genuine warmth and generosity that filled it that I blurted out”可知，Harold对作者所说的那句话是为了传递他的热情和慷慨，故选B。
7．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．Harold gave a gift to the author.
B．Harold liked to play with others.
C．Harold’s words attracted people.
D．Harold’s words touched the author.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句“I was so overcome by his innocent and
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sincere gift！”可推 知，作者被Harold的行为和言语所感动，与倒数第二句“Imagine the warm feeling he leaves behind him as he sails through this world，touching people for just a moment”呼应，故选D。
8．According to this passage，we can infer that________．
A．people around are concerned about Harold
B．Harold is a healthy and nice person
C．the author has a passion to help others
D．the elder woman is indifferent
D 解析：推理判断题。根据文章第二段和第三段可知，排在作者前面的老妇人对Harold的举动感到不耐烦，对这样一个拄拐杖的人所表现出的是一种冷漠的情绪，故选D。
完形填空
(2018·长沙模拟)There was once a widow who had two daughters.The __1__widow loved the elder who was like herself both in looks and personality, but didn’t love the other, who resembled her __2__， although she was pretty and friendly.
The younger daughter had to __3__hard all day and live upon the leftovers of her elder sister.Among her other __4__jobs, she was forced to carry water every day __5__．
One day __6__she had just filled her pot at the fountain, an old trembling woman asked her for a drink of water.Glad to show a kindness to the old woman, she __7__．
Now, all of a sudden, there was no old trembling woman but a(n) __8__who rewarded good deeds before her.“Your face is pretty __9__your heart is gentle，” she said.“For your kindness, I will make you a gift.Every time you speak, from your mouth shall come a flower or a jewel.”
When the girl reached home, her ill mother __10__her for her long absence.“Pardon me for being away so long，” she replied.As she spoke some pearls and diamonds dropped from her __11__．
“What is this I see, child？” asked the __12__widow.
The poor girl was so happy to be __13__child by her mother that she eagerly told her mother about her __14__with the old woman at the fountain.The widow immediately __15__her favorite daughter to do as the __16__girl had done.
When the impatient girl was filling the pot with water at the __17__，a beautiful lady appeared and __18__a drink of water from the girl.
“I have not come here to serve you, ” she __19__replied.
The lady, who was the fairy, said，“I will make you a gift to __20__your rudeness.Every time you speak，from your mouth shall come a snake or a toad(蟾蜍)．”
【解题导语】 本文主要讲述了两个性格和外表不同的姐妹对给予他人帮助的不同反应及她们得到的相应的结果，彰显了善有善报的道理。
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1．A.goodtempered B．badtempered
C．kind D．beautiful
B 解析：根据下文中的“her ill mother” 并结合下文她训斥小女儿可推知，她脾气不好。
2．A.daughter B．teacher
C．mother D．father
D 解析：根据语境中的转折可知，此处与 “herself” 形成对比。小女儿不像她而是像父亲。
3．A.complain B．play
C．work D．study
C 解析：根据下文中的 “Among her other ______jobs, she was forced to carry water every day ______．” 并结合“live upon the leftovers of her elder sister ” 可推知，小女儿整天要做许多工作，靠吃姐姐的剩饭菜生活。
4．A.easy B．hard
C．interesting D．boring
B 解析：根据上文中的“The younger daughter had to ______ hard all day” 可推知，小女儿的工作都很辛苦，很累人。
5．A.within reach B．with ease
C．without hesitation D．from a great distance
D 解析：根据本段的整体内容可知，小女儿过得很艰难。由 “she was forced to carry water every day” 可推知，小女儿还得每天从很远的地方挑水，这与其艰难的生活境况呼应。
6．A.when B．while
C．once D．before
A 解析：此处应用 when 引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词 One day。
7．A.hesitated B．agreed
C．left D．argued
B 解析：根据空前的“Glad to show a kindness to the old woman” 可推知，小女儿答应了老妇人的请求。
8．A.boy B．old woman
C．old man D．fairy
D 解析：根据下文的“The lady, who was the fairy” 可推知，老妇人是仙女变过来的。
9．A.although B．but
C．while D．and
D 解析：根据语境可知，空处前后句表示逻辑上的并列关系，故选 D。
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10．A.scolded B．praised
C．thanked D．forgave
A 解析：与 “her ill mother” 和 “her long absence” 呼应并结合下文小女儿的道歉可知，此处表示小女儿受到母亲的训斥。
11．A.waist B．hair
C．lips D．hands
C 解析：根据上文中的 “Every time you speak, from your mouth shall come a flower or a jewel.” 可知，小女儿以后说话会口吐花儿或者宝石，故选 C。lip “嘴唇”，符合语境。
12．A.amused B．interested
C．astonished D．frightened
C 解析：小女儿突然口吐珍珠和宝石，她的母亲自然很吃惊。 astonished “吃惊的”。
13．A.awarded B．called
C．showed D．taught
B 解析：根据上文中的“What is this I see, child？” 可推知，寡妇很震惊，对小女儿的态度突然转变，柔和了很多，称她为“孩子”。
14．A.difficulty B．thought
C．experiment D．experience
D 解析：小女儿迫切地将自己遇到仙女的经历告诉了母亲。experience “经历”。
15．A.advised B．got
C．forced D．invited
B 解析：get sb.to do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，符合语境。
16．A.slim B．tall
C．elder D．poor
D 解析：与上文中的“The poor girl”呼应可推知，这里指可怜的小女儿。
17．A.river B．pool
C．fountain D．well
C 解析：与上文中的“One day ______she had just filled her pot at the fountain” 呼应可推知，大女儿也来到喷泉那里。
18．A.asked for B．asked of
C．asked about D．asked after
A 解析：与上文中的“an old trembling woman asked her for a drink of water” 呼应可推知，一个漂亮的女士向大女儿讨水喝。
19．A.rudely B．jokingly
C．proudly D．hurriedly
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A 解析：与下文中的“your rudeness”呼应可推知，当时大女儿举止很粗鲁，与上文的“the impatient girl” 呼应，故选A。
20．A.deserve B．face
C．equal D．repay
C 解析：结合语境可知，此处表示仙女要送给大女儿一份与她的粗鲁相匹配的礼物。equal “比得上”。
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