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阅读理解
A
(2018·长沙高三期中)
About Edinburgh Castle
Edinburgh Castle plays an important role in Scotland’s capital. During the Wars of Scottish Independence the castle changed hands many times. In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce.
The castle was home to kings and queens. Queen Margaret died here in 1093, and Mary, Queen of Scots, gave birth to James VI in the royal palace in 1566. From the 1600s onwards the castle was a military(军事的) base. Later it also held prisoners of war. Parts of the castle are still a military base, but it is now a world－famous visitor attraction.
Opening Hours
The castle opens daily at 9：30 a．m. Closing time varies seasonally.
1 April－30 September：It closes at 6 p．m.
1 October－31 March：It closes at 5 p．m.
The castle is closed on 25th and 26th December. On January 1st it is open from 11 a．m. to 5 p．m. and normal hours start from January 2nd.
Last admission is 1 hour before closing.
Ticket Types and Prices
Beat the queues and book ahead online using our web store for fast－track entry at no extra cost. Members do not need to queue at the ticket office, and simply need to show their card at Visitor Information.
Prices
Adult(16－59 years)
£ 16.50
Child(5－15 years)
£ 9.90
Special(60＋years and unemployed)
£ 13.20
Children under 5 years old go free. They must be accompanied by an adult.
Guided Tours
A guided tour is included in your ticket price—our guides love sharing their stories.They are experienced, knowledgeable and are always happy to answer questions, so it’s a great way to discover the castle’s amazing past. Guided tours take place throughout the day and the meeting point is through the Portcullis Gate past the audio booth by the clock.
【解题导语】 该文主要介绍了去爱丁堡城堡游览的相关事宜。
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1．What can be inferred about Edinburgh Castle from the text?
A．It was used as a prison in the 1 500s.
B．It now works only as a tourist attraction.
C．It was the birthplace of Queen Margaret.
D．It was once owned by non－Scottish people.
D 解析：推理判断题。根据第一部分的“In 1314 it was retaken from the English in a sudden night attack by Thomas Randolph, nephew of Robert the Bruce.”可知，爱丁堡城堡曾经被英国人占领和控制，故选D。
2．When can visitors visit Edinburgh Castle on New Year’s Day?
A．4 p．m.－6 p．m. B．3 p．m.－5 p．m.
C．10 a．m.－12 a．m. D．9 a．m.－11 a．m.
B 解析：细节理解题。根据第二部分的“On January 1st it is open from 11 a．m. to 5 p．m. and normal hours start from January 2nd.”可知，新年这天可以参观爱丁堡城堡的时间是上午11点到下午5点，结合选项可知选B。
3．How much should jobless Jack and his twin grandchildren aged 5 pay in all to visit Edinburgh Castle?
A．￡ 13.20. B．￡ 16.50.
C．￡ 33.00. D．￡ 36.30.
C 解析：推理判断题。结合题干并根据第四部分关于门票的价格可知，应该付的数目是13.2＋9.9×2＝33.00，故选C。
4．What does the text say about guided tours of Edinburgh Castle?
A．They cost no extra money.
B．They are provided only at certain times.
C．Questions aren’t welcomed during them.
D．They are provided only at the Portcullis Gate.
A 解析：细节理解题。根据最后一部分的“A guided tour is included in your ticket price”可知，导游的费用包含在票价里，不需要花费额外的钱，故选A。
B
(2018·银川高三检测)Crossing your legs is an extremely common habit; most people don’t even notice that they’re doing it when they sit down. While you may find it comfortable to sit with one knee crossed over the other, it might be causing health problems that you are not aware of.
A study published in Blood Pressure Monitoring stated that sitting with your legs crossed can increase your blood pressure. The reason for this is that the blood in your legs has to work against gravity to be pumped back to your heart and that crossing one leg over the other increases resistance, making it even harder for the blood to circulate. This causes your body to increase your
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blood pressure to push the blood back to the heart. You won’t feel any immediate effects, but repeated, drawnout increases in blood pressure can cause longterm health issues. So, planning to sit for a long period of time? Don’t keep your legs crossed.
“Crossing your legs at the knee can also cause pressure on the major nerve in your leg that passes just below your knee and along the outside of your leg，” explains Richard Graves, a medical expert. This pressure can cause numbness and temporary paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle—what we know as that “pins__and__needles” sensation. While the feeling of discomfort may only last a minute or two, repeatedly crossing your legs until they feel numb can cause permanent nerve damage.
So next time you sit down, try to get yourself in the habit of sitting with both of your feet on the floor. Not only will it help your posture and stability, but it will also save your health in the long run.
【解题导语】 本文是一篇科普说明文。研究表明，虽然跷二郎腿是常见的习惯，但是该习惯会引起血压的升高，还会导致膝盖以下的重要神经受损。所以不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿。
5．What can we learn about crossing one’s legs?
A．It is a very bad social habit.
B．It is usually practiced deliberately.
C．It can do harm to people’s health.
D．It can make others feel uncomfortable.
C 解析：细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，跷二郎腿会引起健康问题，故C项正确。
6．According to the study, sitting with your legs crossed can________．
A．affect your blood pressure
B．resist gravity effectively
C．lead to heart attacks easily
D．improve the function of legs
A 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第一句可知，研究表明，跷二郎腿会引起血压的升高，故A项正确。
7．In the third paragraph “pins and needles” probably means “________”．
A．slightly sharp pains
B．being a little tired
C．serious muscle injuries
D．being highly flexible
A 解析：词义猜测题。根据第三段的“This pressure can cause numbness and temporary
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paralysis(麻痹) of some of the muscles in your foot and leg, preventing you from being able to raise your ankle”可知，这种压力会导致腿部和脚的一些肌肉暂时麻痹，使人无法站立，有一种针刺感；据此可以判断，画线词意为“轻微的针刺感似的疼痛”，故A项正确。
8．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To compare common habits.
B．To give readers some advice.
C．To evaluate the effects of an experiment.
D．To introduce research methods.
B 解析：写作意图题。根据全文内容尤其是最后一段可知，本文通过分析跷二郎腿这一习惯导致的健康问题，建议人们不要跷二郎腿，要有正确的坐姿，故B项正确。
完形填空
(2018·长春七校联考)Jake Olson lost his left eye when he was eight months old because of a born cancer.__1__it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared and__2__the loss of his right eye.But after years of cheering for his favorite football team，Jake has__3__the impossible dream.He’s now a part of the team，despite his total__4__，playing the game not based on sight but on__5__．
Being a__6__fan of the USC Trojans，one of Jake’s last__7__before he lost his eye was to watch the team play at Notre Dame.His strong liking for the sport didn’t go__8__—former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to meet the__9__．
Inspired by those players，Jake hoped to be__10__in his school’s football team.At first he didn’t think he would be of any real__11__，but when he heard people’s cheers for football players，his love for football strengthened.So Jake__12__the coach，asking to join the team.The coach told him to__13__the next season.So Jake spent his time practicing hard.__14__，he became a starter on the team in the next season.Having made his high school football team，it didn’t seem too__15__to do the same in college.Coach Steve agreed that Jake__16__the requirements of the team.So Jake’s dream came true.
__17__football，Jake is also a motivational speaker.“I went into football with the thought that I had nothing to__18__，” Jake said.“I really had no fear.Going through__19__in life does make you stronger.Life’s unfair，but it’s__20__me not to give up and keep fighting.”
【解题导语】 本文是一篇记叙文。Jake Olson双目失明，但这并没有阻止他对运动的热爱。他是高中和大学橄榄球队的队员，并且他还是一位励志演讲人。
1．A.Unless B．Though
C．Only if D．Now that
B 解析：根据下文的“it was controlled through treatments，it reappeared...”可知，
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此处指尽管(Though)经过治疗，癌症被控制住了，但是它还是复发了，并导致(led to)Jake Olson失去了他的右眼。主从句之间存在让步关系，故选Though。
2．A.backed off B．held back
C．broke down D．led to
D 解析：参见上题解析。back off“退缩，退却”；hold back“抑制，阻止”；break down“出故障，崩溃”。
3．A.forgotten B．quitted
C．realized D．ignored
C 解析：但是，在为他最喜欢的橄榄球队加油多年之后，Jake实现了(realized)那个不可能的梦。下文中的“Jake’s dream came true”亦是提示。forget“忘记”；quit“放弃”；ignore“忽视”。
4．A.blindness B．absence
C．deafness D．innocence
A 解析：根据上文中的“lost his left eye”“the loss of his right eye”可知，此处指尽管Jake双目失明(blindness)，但他现在成了球队的一员。absence“缺席”；deafness“聋”；innocence“清白”。
5.A.ability B．guess
C．feel D．imagination
C 解析：根据上文提到的Jake双目失明的内容可知，此处指的应是他打球靠的不是视力而是感觉(feel)。ability“能力”；guess“猜测”；imagination“想象”。
6．A.responsible B．faithful
C．careful D．temporary
B 解析：根据语境及上文的“years of cheering for his favorite football team”可知，此处指作为USC Trojans球队的忠实粉丝，Jake在失去视力之前最后的愿望(wishes)之一是观看球队在Notre Dame的比赛。responsible“负责任的”；faithful“忠实的”；careful“细心的”；temporary“临时的”。
7．A.chances B．promises
C．courses D．wishes
D 解析：参见上题解析。
8．A.unnoticed B．unsolved
C．unreported D．unlimited
A 解析：根据下文的“former USC coach Pete reached the boy，inviting him to...”可知，此外指Jake对运动的热爱并不是不被注意的。unnoticed“未被注意的，被忽视的”；unsolved“未解决的”；unreported“未报道的”；unlimited“无限制的，无条件的”。
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9．A.leaders B．players
C．fans D．coaches
B 解析：根据语境及上文提到的Jake是球队的忠实粉丝以及想观看球队的比赛的内容可知，此处应是指教练Pete邀请Jake跟球员们(players)见面。下文中的“Inspired by those players”是关键的提示信息。
10．A.occupied B．involved
C．trapped D．absorbed
B 解析：受到那些球员们的鼓舞，Jake希望自己能加入学校的橄榄球队。be involved in是固定搭配，意为“参与，参加”。be occupied in“忙于”；be trapped in“被困在”；be absorbed in“全神贯注于”。
11．A.interest B．hope
C．use D．concern
C 解析：此处指尽管Jake想加入学校的橄榄球队，但是因为自身有残疾，Jake最初觉得自己加入球队并不会有什么实际的用处(use)。
12．A.approached B．appreciated
C．recognized D．greeted
A 解析：因此，Jake找了教练，请求加入球队。approach“靠近，接洽”；appreciate“感谢，欣赏”；recognize“认出，认可”；greet“问候”。
13．A.pull through B．set out
C．leave off D．come back
D 解析：根据下文的“the next season...he became a starter on the team in the next season”可知，此处指教练叫Jake下个赛季再回来。pull through“痊愈，康复”；set out“动身踏上”；leave off“停止”；come back“回来，返回”。
14．A.Gradually B．Finally
C．Recently D．Accidentally
B 解析：所以Jake花时间刻苦练习，最后，在下个赛季，他成了球队的上场球员。gradually“逐渐地”；finally“最后，终于”；recently“最近”；accidentally“偶然地，意外地”。
15．A.difficult B．accessible
C．attractive D．necessary
A 解析：根据上文的“Having made his high school football team”可知，因为有了高中的球队经历，成为大学球队的队员似乎也不是太难。difficult“困难的”；accessible“可接近的”；attractive“吸引人的”；necessary“必要的”。
16．A.refreshed B．completed
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C．satisfied D．acquired
C 解析：根据句中的“Coach Steve agreed”及下文中的“So Jake’s dream came true.”可知，此处指教练Steve觉得Jake达到了球队的要求，因此Jake加入大学球队的梦想实现了。refresh“更新”；complete“完成”；satisfy“满足”；acquire“获得”。
17．A.Apart from B．Instead of
C．Regardless of D．Except for
A 解析：根据下文的“Jake is also a motivational speaker”可知，除了打橄榄球之外，Jake也是一位励志演讲人。apart from“除……之外(还有)”；instead of“而不是”；regardless of“不管”；except for“除……之外”。
18．A.share B．lose
C．offer D．desire
B 解析：根据语境及下文的“I really had no fear.”可知，此处指Jake起初是带着自己没有任何可失去(lose)的东西的想法开始打橄榄球的。
19．A.failures B．challenges
C．competitions D．fears
B 解析：Jake身有残疾，所以要面对许多生活中的挑战(challenges)，而这也使他变得更加坚强。failure“失败”；competition“竞争”；fear“恐惧”。
20．A.warned B．begged
C．convinced D．taught
D 解析：根据上文内容可知，此处指的是生活是不公平的，但它告诉Jake不要放弃，要坚持下去。warn“警告”；beg“乞求”；convince“说服”；teach“使明白”。
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