Ⅰ 阅读理解A(2018•广西适应性检测)Where should an adventurous tourist go? After you’ve done sightseeing in London，shopping in New York，tasted the local food in Paris，and danced to your heart’s content at the Brazilian Carnival，where else can you go? What exotic(异国风情的) tourist destination awaits you? Well，Antarctica sounds like the holiday of a lifetime! It’s considered the last great wilderness on Earth.Just a few scientists in research stations share the icy landscape with penguins and other animals which can cope with the low temperatures. Tourism began in Antarctica in the 1950s and it’s still a small scale.About 37，000 tourists are expected there this season，but many won’t even leave the boat. The BBC’s Juliet Rix visited the frozen continent and asked herself if she should be there at all，causing potential problems to such a sensitive environment.Her tour guide admitted that all visitors leave footprints and they all go to the same place，the accessible coastline，which is also where the penguins and seals go to breed. But some people believe that if carefully controlled，tourism can be good for Antarctica.It has no native population and it needs advocates.Visitors to the icy continent might be ready to support and even to fund its preservation.And they’re likely to engage in the discussion about global warming，which has led to the melting of glaciers. According to Rix，guidelines are followed when you’re about to set foot in Antarctica and tourists have to disinfect (为……消毒) their boots to make sure no alien species are introduced. And once on land，there’s no eating or smoking.Rocks，bone fragments—nothing should be taken as a souvenir and nothing should be left behind.Tourists fortunate enough to visit Antarctica must be aware that this is not their home and keep their fingers crossed that future generations will also be able to enjoy such breathtaking views.【解题导语】 游客应该去南极洲旅游吗？本文介绍了去南极洲旅游的情况和对游客的要求。1．According to the second paragraph，we can learn that ________．A．Antarctica has become the best place for people to travelB．only scientists can be allowed to go to AntarcticaC．Antarctica is less affected by human activitiesD．no animals can survive in Antarctica except penguinsC 解析：推理判断题。根据第二段的第二句话“It’s considered the last great wilderness on Earth.”可知，它被认为是地球上最后的不毛之地。由此可推知，南极洲受人类活动的影响较小。2．Juliet Rix’s travel in Antarctica mentioned in the fourth paragraph indicates that ________．A．governments should take measures to stop tourists from going to AntarcticaB．whether tourists should go to Antarctica or not should be considered carefullyC．the animals’ habitat in Antarctica has been seriously affected by tourismD．only journalists begin to pay attention to the environmental protection in AntarcticaB 解析：推理判断题。根据第四段的“asked herself if she should be there at all，causing potential problems to such a sensitive environment”以及“Her tour guide admitted that all visitors leave footprints and they all go to the same place”可推知，人们是否应该去南极洲旅游应认真地考虑一下。3．Which of the following statements is true according to Rix?A．Tourists can eat and smoke in Antarctica.B．Tourists can take something they like from Antarctica.C．Tourists can throw away something they don’t need in Antarctica.D．Tourists can enjoy the beautiful scenery in Antarctica.D 解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段的“there’s no eating or smoking.Rocks，bone fragments—nothing should be taken as a souvenir and nothing should be left behind”可知，A、B、C三项的说法均与原文不符；根据文章结尾处“to enjoy such breathtaking views”可知，游客可以在南极洲欣赏到惊人的景色。4．Which of the following is the best title of this passage?A．Why Can’t Tourists Go to Antarctica?B．How Can Tourists Go to Antarctica?C．Should Tourists Go to Antarctica?D．Are Tourists Allowed to Go to Antarctica?C 解析：推理判断题。通读全文的内容可知，文章围绕的是“应该不应该去南极洲旅游？”这一话题，因此C项最适合作标题。B(2018•南昌模拟)Vitamin B could help lessen the effects of the most dangerous type of air pollution, according to a new study published recently. In the first study of its kind, a team of international researchers looked at the damage caused by one of the pollutants that have the most severe impact on health: PM2.5.Particulate matter, or PM, is a type of air pollutant consisting of small particles of different sizes. PM2.5 has a diameter of fewer than 2.5 micrometers, about 30 times smaller than a human hair. These particles are so small that they can go into our respiratory system(呼吸系统), resulting in lung and systemic inflammation(炎症) and stress.The team found that something as simple as a daily vitamin B supplement could potentially reduce the impact of the tiny particles on the human body, although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small.For this study, 10 volunteers were initially exposed to clean air and given a placebo(安慰剂) to check their responses. The group then took another placebo for four weeks before being exposed to heavily polluted air from downtown Toronto, where an estimated 1，000 cars pass every hour. The bad air was delivered to the volunteers through an “oxygen－type” face mask. The experiment was then repeated, with each volunteer taking a B vitamin supplement daily made up of 2.5 mg of folic acid, 50 mg of vitamin B6, and 1 mg of vitamin B12. B6 can be found in liver, chicken and nuts, and B12 in fish, meat, eggs, milk and some cereals.The researchers found that four weeks of B vitamin supplements reduced the damage of PM2.5 exposure by 28%－76%. The results highlight how prevention at an individual level could be used to fight the harmful effects of PM2.5.【解题导语】 本文是一篇说明文。吸入人体内的PM2.5(细颗粒物)会导致疾病。不过，研究发现维生素B在一定程度上能降低PM2.5的危害。5．Why is PM2.5 harmful to our health?A．It pollutes and poisons the air.B．It is too much to be got rid of.C．It carries viruses and diseases.D．It is easily breathed in and damages our body.D 解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These particles are so small... inflammation(炎症)and stress.”可知，PM2.5(细颗粒物)很小，能进入我们的呼吸系统，导致肺部和全身炎症。6．What can we infer from Paragraph 3?A．The process of the research was not scientific.B．This kind of research has been done many times.C．Further studies are needed to confirm their findings.D．Vitamin B is hard to obtain in people’s daily life.C 解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“although they stressed that the research was in its early stages and the sample size was small.”可知，该项研究处于初级阶段且样本规模小，因此还需要更多的研究来证明研究团队的发现。7．What is the text mainly about?A．International researchers have a new finding.B．Vitamin B could reduce the damage of PM2.5.C．Particulate matter does great harm to our health.D．Emission control and regulation are badly needed.B 解析：主旨大意题。文章第一段和第二段谈到PM2.5的定义以及PM2.5的危害；第三到五段告诉我们维生素B能降低PM2.5的危害。所以B项最能概括文章主旨。8．The new study was probably published ________．A．in a science journalB．on a government websiteC．in a fashion magazineD．in a medical textbookA 解析：文章出处题。该文的内容为科学研究发现，很可能出自科学期刊。所以A项正确。Ⅱ 完形填空(2018•西宁三校联考)I was looking through some old photo albums the other day.I had __1__ done that many times before but I felt a sudden __2__ to see them again.I found myself __3__ so many beautiful memories from my childhood.There was my dear Nana giving me a thorough __4__ when I was a newborn baby.There was me and my brother standing in front of the world’s ugliest __5__ our favorite Christmas tree.There was my beautiful Mom __6__ me on her lap.Then the pictures seemed __7__ all of a sudden because my eyes were wet.I just couldn’t __8__ the tears.“What is going on？”I __9__．I hadn’t cried the last time.But what was __10__ now?I soon saw that it was I who changed.I had __11__．My spirit had walked a little further down the __12__ of love.I realized as long as they came with a warm heart，wet eyes were __13__ to be ashamed of.I smiled and I felt Mom and Nana smiling __14__ on me from Heaven.Leo Buscaglia said：“I’m not afraid of __15__．They clean out my eyeballs.” I think they clean out our __16__ as well.They help us to wash away our pain，fear and grief(悲伤)．They help us to __17__ our love and goodness.They help us to become who we are __18__ to be.The next time you feel your tears starting，just let them __19__．Life is full of smiles and tears.Only by allowing them both can we __20__ live.【解题导语】 本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。再次看老相册时，作者重温了童年的一些美好回忆，并流下了眼泪。作者从而感悟到生活中充满欢笑和眼泪，只有允许它们两者都存在，我们才能真正地生活。1．A.never B．everC．already D．nearlyC 解析：根据下文的“many times before”以及“I hadn’t cried the last time.”可知，作者应该不止一次看过这些老相册，故此处表示作者之前已经(already)多次看过这些老相册了。2．A.appeal B．sadnessC．fear D．urgeD 解析：此处表示作者突然有再次看老相册的冲动(urge)。appeal“恳求”；sadness“悲伤”；fear“害怕”。3．A.shaping B．relivingC．escaping D．buildingB 解析：此处表示作者重温(reliving)了许多来自童年时期的美好回忆。shape“塑造”；escape“逃避”；build“建造”。4．A.bath B．speechC．hug D．surveyA 解析：根据下文的“when I was a newborn baby”可知，此处表示作者还是个新生儿时，奶奶给她彻底洗澡，故选A项。5．A.and B．butC．or D．asB 解析：空前的“the world’s ugliest”和空后的“our favorite”之间为转折关系，故用并列连词but。6．A.spinning B．possessingC．holding D．walkingC 解析：根据下文的“on her lap”可知，此处应表示“我漂亮的妈妈把我抱着放在她的腿上”。hold意为“抱着； 托着”，符合语境。spin“快速旋转”；possess“拥有”；walk“走； 遛”。7．A.beautiful B．blankC．abnormal D．vagueD 解析：上文提到了作者正在看老照片，根据下文的“because my eyes were wet...the tears”可知作者流泪了。根据常识可知，此处表示这些老照片变得模糊(vague)了。beautiful“漂亮的”；blank“空白的”；abnormal“不正常的”。8．A.fight back B．fight withC．fight for D．fight againstA 解析：根据上文的“because my eyes were wet”和下文的“I hadn’t cried the last time.But...”可知，作者这次看老照片的时候哭了，此处表示作者遏制不住眼泪。fight back“忍住；抑制住”，符合语境。fight with“与……争斗”；fight for“努力争取”；fight against“对抗”。9．A.found B．wonderedC．hesitated D．discussedB 解析：作者以前看老照片没有哭，而这次看老照片却哭了。所以作者想知道(wondered)发生了什么。find“发现，找到”；hesitate“犹豫，迟疑”；discuss“讨论”。10．A.heartbreaking B．wrongC．different D．disturbingC 解析：根据下文的“I soon saw that it was I who changed.”可知，作者很快明白，是她自己和以前不一样了。故之前作者想知道的问题是“现在有什么是不同的呢”。故选C项。11．A.grown B．misunderstoodC．insisted D．struggledA 解析：根据下文的“My spirit had walked a little further down the ______ of love.”可知，此处应表示作者的心灵已经在爱的道路(path)上走得更远了一点了，即作者已经成长(grown)了。12．A.feast B．pathC．expectation D．circleB 解析：参见上题解析。feast“宴会”；expectation“期望”；circle“圈子”。13．A.everything B．somethingC．anything D．nothingD 解析：根据上文的“as long as they came with a warm heart”以及下文的“I smiled”可知，该句表示含泪的眼睛没有什么(nothing)可羞愧的，只要它们伴随着一颗温暖的心而来。14．A.forward B．upwardsC．down D．behindC 解析：根据下文的“on me from Heaven”可知，此处表示作者感到妈妈和奶奶从天堂向下(down)冲着自己微笑。15．A.tears B．failuresC．deaths D．illnessesA 解析：根据语境尤其是下文的“They clean out my eyeballs.”可知，此处表示“眼泪清洗了我的眼球”，故选tears。16．A.competence B．insideC．identification D．developmentB 解析：根据下文的“They help us to wash away our pain，fear and grief(悲伤)．They help us to...to be.”可知，此处表示眼泪不仅清洗了我们的眼球，也清洗了我们的内心(inside)。competence“能力”；identification“辨认”；development“发展”。17．A.look through B．clean outC．learn from D．reconnect toD 解析：第一段提到老照片让作者的美好回忆重现，故这里应该是表示“眼泪帮助我们重新找回我们的爱和善良”。reconnect to“重新连接”，在这里引申为“重新找回”。look through“浏览”；clean out“把……清洗干净”；learn from“向……学习”。18．A.used B．remindedC．forced D．meantD 解析：此处表示眼泪可以帮助我们成为我们想成为的人。be meant to do“打算； 想要”。19．A.separate B．stayC．flow D．disappearC 解析：根据上文提到的眼泪的好处可知，此处表示下次你感觉到眼泪开始流的时候，那么就让它们流下来吧。故选C项。20．A.truly B．roughlyC．generally D．tentativelyA 解析：生活中充满笑和泪，只有允许它们都存在，我们才能真正地(truly)生活。roughly“粗略地”；generally“大体上”；tentatively“试探性地”。
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